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Diet anD exercise in cognitive Function anD neurological Diseases

Diet anD exercise in cognitive Function anD neurological Diseases

editors

taHira FarooQui anD aKHlaQ a. FarooQui

Copyright 2015 by WileyBlackwell. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New JerseyPublished simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data:

Diet and exercise in cognitive function and neurological diseases / Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui, editors. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-84055-9 (cloth)I. Farooqui, Tahira, editor. II. Farooqui, Akhlaq A., editor. [DNLM: 1. Brainphysiology. 2. Agingphysiology. 3. Cognitionphysiology. 4. Diet. 5. Exercise. 6. Nervous System Diseases. WL 300] RA645.N87 612.8dc23

2014043911

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Dedicated to the Next GenerationTo make this world healthier and happier

If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not too much, we would have found the safest way to health.

Hippocrates 440BC

Contributors xi

Foreword Kirk I. Erickson xv

Foreword Shin Murakami xvii

Preface Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui xix

Acknowledgments xxi

1 Nutrition, Genes, and Neuroscience: Implications for Development, Health, and Disease 1Margaret Joy Dauncey

2 Neurochemical Effects of Western Diet Consumption on Human Brain 15Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui

3 Effect of Mediterranean Diet onHuman Health in Seniors: Relationship with Telomers 29Virginia Boccardi and Giuseppe Paolisso

4 Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on Mental and Physical Quality of Life 39Marialaura Bonaccio, Giovanni de Gaetano, and Licia Iacoviello

5 Ketogenic Diets for the Treatment of Neurologic Disease 47Christa W. Habela and Eric H. Kossoff

6 Levels of n3 Fatty Acids and theirMetabolites in the Brain: Their Impact on Brain Function andNeurological Disorders 59Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui

7 Homocysteine Levels in Neurological Disorders 73Ahmed A. Moustafa, Doaa H. Hewedi, Abeer M. Eissa, Dorota Frydecka, and Bazej Misiak

8 Table Salt and Dementia 83Surender R. Neravetla and Shantanu R. Neravetla

CoNTENTS

viii Contents

9 Contribution of Diet and Exercise in the Pathogenesis of Major Depression 93Adrian L. Lopresti

10 Role of Diet and Exercise inDiabetic Retinopathy 105Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Haseeb A. Khan, and Abdullah S. Alhomida

11 The Effect of Western Diet onCognition in Humans 111Heather M. Francis and Richard J. Stevenson

12 Role of Diet and Exercise inIntervention of AgeInduced Impairments 123Kanti Bhooshan Pandey and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi

13 Hormesis and Cognitive Function: An Evolutionary/Adaptive Arabesque Leading to Longevity 133Alistair V.W. Nunn, Geoffrey W. Guy, and Jimmy D. Bell

14 Polyphenols and Cognitive Function 143Edwin D. Lephart

15 Prevention of Dementia Through Modifiable Risk Factors 163Patsri Srisuwan

16 Physical Exercise Improves Cognition in Brain Disorders: Alzheimers Disease 175Trevor Archer and Danilo Garcia

17 Molecular, Biochemical, andPhysiological Basis of Beneficial Actions of Exercise 183Undurti N. Das

18 Beneficial Effects of Exercise and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Functions in older Adults: Introduction of Smart Aging Studies 205Rui Nouchi and Ryuta Kawashima

19 Exercise and Cognitive Functions 213Bijli Nanda and S. Manjunatha

20 Role of Sleep in Cognition, Immunity, and Disease and Its Interaction with Exercise 225Mark R. Zielinski and Dmitry Gerashchenko

21 Effect of Forced and Voluntary Exercise on Neural Plasticity Mediated by Astrocytes 241Caren Bernardi, Mario Roberto Generosi Brauner, and Carlos Alberto Gonalves

22 Effect of Exercise on theAgingBrain 253Bonita L. Marks

23 The Effects of Exercise onNeuronal Survival 267Michael J. Chen

24 Exercise and Cognitive Function inolder Adults 279Nicola J. Gates and Maria Fiatarone Singh

25 Research Issues and Clinical Implications of Exercise Effects inthe Treatment of Depressive andAnxiety Disorders 295A. Garrett Hazelton, Richard Bloch, and Sy Saeed

Contents ix

26 ExerciseInduced Protection Against Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Redox and MitochondrialBased Alterations 309Ins MarquesAleixo, Estela SantosAlves, Paula I. Moreira, Paulo J. Oliveira, Jos Magalhes, and Antnio Ascenso

27 Exercise, Neuroplasticity, and Growth Factors in Adolescence 323Helios ParejaGaleano, Sara Mayero, and Fabin SanchisGomar

28 Summary, Perspective, and Direction for Future Studies 339Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui

Index 349

Abdullah S. Alhomida, Department of Biochem-istry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Trevor Archer, Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and WellBeing, Gothenburg, Sweden

Antnio Ascenso, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Jimmy D. Bell, Department of Life Sciences, Clipstone Building, University of Westminster, London, UK

Caren Bernardi, Programa de Ps-Graduao Cincias da Reabilitao, Universidade Federal de Cincias da Sade de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Richard Bloch, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA

Virginia Boccardi, Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy

Marialaura Bonaccio, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy

Mario Roberto Generosi Brauner, Escola de Educao Fsica (ESEF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Michael J. Chen, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Undurti N. Das, UND Life Sciences, Federal Way, WA, USA

Margaret Joy Dauncey, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Abeer M. Eissa, Psychogeriatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Kirk I. Erickson, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Akhlaq A. Farooqui, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

Tahira Farooqui, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

CoNTRIBUToRS

xii Contributors

Heather M. Francis, School of Psychology, Science Department, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Dorota Frydecka, Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocaw Medical University, Wrocaw, Poland

Giovanni de Gaetano, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy

Danilo Garcia, Network for Empowerment and WellBeing, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Nicola J. Gates, School of Psychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CheBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Dmitry Gerashchenko, Departme