diet and lifestyle influences on prostate cancer keith d. bishop clinical nutritionist b.sc....

Diet and Lifestyle Influences Diet and Lifestyle Influences on Prostate Canceron Prostate Cancer

Keith D. BishopKeith D. Bishop

Clinical NutritionistClinical Nutritionist

B.Sc. PharmacyB.Sc. Pharmacy

Copyright 2009 Keith D. Bishop, Clinical Nutritionist, B.Sc. PharmacyCopyright 2009 Keith D. Bishop, Clinical Nutritionist, B.Sc. Pharmacy

The following research summary is for The following research summary is for information and education use only. information and education use only.

The information and commentary The information and commentary provided are not intended to replace your provided are not intended to replace your doctors care. doctors care.

You should consult with your health care You should consult with your health care provider before making changes in your provider before making changes in your diet, lifestyle and supplement program.diet, lifestyle and supplement program.


Prostate Cancer: Prostate Cancer: Diet and LifestyleDiet and Lifestyle

I’m providing a summary of recent I’m providing a summary of recent research on the effects diet and lifestyle research on the effects diet and lifestyle has on prostate cancer. has on prostate cancer.

This research information will enlighten This research information will enlighten and empower you in your quest for a and empower you in your quest for a healthier life.healthier life.


Prostate Cancer: Prostate Cancer: Diet and LifestyleDiet and Lifestyle

You will have the basic tools to maximize You will have the basic tools to maximize your body’s ability to fight prostate your body’s ability to fight prostate cancer, all other cancers and most other cancer, all other cancers and most other causes of early death.causes of early death.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:RisksRisks

Prostate cancer does not have a single Prostate cancer does not have a single cause. cause.

Prostate cancer grows over many years Prostate cancer grows over many years before being diagnosed.before being diagnosed.

Prostate cancer does have some risk Prostate cancer does have some risk factors including age, race and family factors including age, race and family history or genetics. history or genetics.



Research shows many modifiable factors Research shows many modifiable factors in our environment, diet and lifestyle in our environment, diet and lifestyle influence the prevention, development, influence the prevention, development, growth and death of prostate cancer growth and death of prostate cancer cells. cells.

Our body has natural mechanisms that Our body has natural mechanisms that can assist or hinder the ability to fight can assist or hinder the ability to fight cancers. cancers.



It’s estimated that 50% of cancer is It’s estimated that 50% of cancer is preventable.preventable.

Methods Mol Biol. 2009;472:25-56 Methods Mol Biol. 2009;472:25-56

One-third of the more than 500,000 cancer One-third of the more than 500,000 cancer deaths that occur in the United States each deaths that occur in the United States each year can be attributed to diet and physical year can be attributed to diet and physical activity habits, including overweight and activity habits, including overweight and obesity, while another third is caused by obesity, while another third is caused by exposure to tobacco products. (66%)exposure to tobacco products. (66%)

CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56:254-281 CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56:254-281


Prostate CancerProstate CancerFruits and VegetablesFruits and Vegetables

Increased intake of bell peppers and Increased intake of bell peppers and broccoli decreased the risk of prostate broccoli decreased the risk of prostate cancer. cancer.

Fruit and other vegetables did not appear Fruit and other vegetables did not appear to decrease the risk of prostate cancer in to decrease the risk of prostate cancer in this study. this study.

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2008;11(1):61-6Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2008;11(1):61-6


Prostate CancerProstate CancerFruits and VegetablesFruits and Vegetables

Consuming broccoli interacts with Consuming broccoli interacts with GSTM1 genotype to result in complex GSTM1 genotype to result in complex changes to signaling pathways changes to signaling pathways associated with inflammation and associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the prostate. carcinogenesis in the prostate.

PLoS ONE. 2008 Jul 2;3(7):e2568. PLoS ONE. 2008 Jul 2;3(7):e2568.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Fruits and VegetablesFruits and Vegetables

Prostate cancer rates were lowest in Prostate cancer rates were lowest in those men with diets rich in fruits and those men with diets rich in fruits and vegetables. vegetables.

Researchers recommended health Researchers recommended health practitioners apply these dietary factors practitioners apply these dietary factors to try to reduce the incidence of prostate to try to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer.cancer.

Aust Fam Physician. 2005 Apr;34(4):265-7.Aust Fam Physician. 2005 Apr;34(4):265-7.



Regular consumption of tomatoes and Regular consumption of tomatoes and tomato products can be recommended tomato products can be recommended for the prevention of PCA. for the prevention of PCA.

Aktuelle Urol. 2009 Jan;40(1):37-43.Aktuelle Urol. 2009 Jan;40(1):37-43.

Higher tomato sauce intake is fatal for Higher tomato sauce intake is fatal for prostate cancer.prostate cancer.

Int J Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;121(7):1571-8.Int J Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;121(7):1571-8.



Men with recurring cancer consumed a Men with recurring cancer consumed a combined tomato-rich diet and soy combined tomato-rich diet and soy protein supplements for 8 weeks.protein supplements for 8 weeks. > 25 mg of lycopene/day> 25 mg of lycopene/day mean soy intake was 39 g / daymean soy intake was 39 g / day Serum PSA decreased for 34% (14/41) of Serum PSA decreased for 34% (14/41) of

the men.the men. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(2):145-54.Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(2):145-54.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Omega-3 Fatty AcidsOmega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 reduce inflammation and painOmega-3 reduce inflammation and pain EPA (eicosapentanoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentanoic acid) and

DHA (docosahexanoic acid) DHA (docosahexanoic acid) Sources: Fish OilsSources: Fish Oils

ALA (alpha linolenic acid) ALA (alpha linolenic acid) Flax Seed, Walnuts, Canola OilFlax Seed, Walnuts, Canola Oil



Protective for aggressive prostate Protective for aggressive prostate cancer, and this effect is modified by the cancer, and this effect is modified by the COX-2 SNP rs4648310. COX-2 SNP rs4648310.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may impact prostate inflammation and may impact prostate inflammation and carcinogenesis through the COX-2 carcinogenesis through the COX-2 (inflammation) enzymatic pathway. (inflammation) enzymatic pathway.

Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;15(7):2559-66.Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;15(7):2559-66.



Dietary Omega-3 fatty acids may Dietary Omega-3 fatty acids may enhance the response of prostate cancer enhance the response of prostate cancer to removal therapy and retard to removal therapy and retard progression to androgen-independent progression to androgen-independent growth by altering tumor fatty acid growth by altering tumor fatty acid content. content.

Am J Pathol. 2008 Jul;173(1):229-41.Am J Pathol. 2008 Jul;173(1):229-41.



EPA and DHA intakes may reduce the EPA and DHA intakes may reduce the risk of total and advanced prostate risk of total and advanced prostate cancer. cancer.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):204-16.Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):204-16.



A reduced risk of prostate cancer A reduced risk of prostate cancer associated with dietary fish oils, possibly associated with dietary fish oils, possibly acting via inhibition of arachidonic acid-acting via inhibition of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoid biosynthesis.derived eicosanoid biosynthesis.

Br J Cancer. 1999 Dec;81(7):1238-42Br J Cancer. 1999 Dec;81(7):1238-42


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Omega 6 Fatty AcidsOmega 6 Fatty Acids

Cause inflammation and painCause inflammation and pain Linoleic acidLinoleic acid

Corn oilCorn oil Safflower oilSafflower oil Sunflower oilSunflower oil

Arachidonic acidArachidonic acid Animal FatAnimal Fat


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Omega 6 Fatty AcidsOmega 6 Fatty Acids

Diets high in Omega-6 fatty acids are Diets high in Omega-6 fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of bone associated with an increased risk of bone metastasis from prostate cancersmetastasis from prostate cancers

Arachidonic acid (AA) and its precursor Arachidonic acid (AA) and its precursor linoleic acid can be metabolized to linoleic acid can be metabolized to produce pro-inflammatory chemicals.produce pro-inflammatory chemicals.

Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008 Mar;15(1):91-100.Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008 Mar;15(1):91-100.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Flax SeedFlax Seed

Studies examining the relation Studies examining the relation between ALA and prostate cancer between ALA and prostate cancer have produced inconsistent findings.have produced inconsistent findings.

High ALA intakes or high blood and High ALA intakes or high blood and adipose tissue concentrations of ALA adipose tissue concentrations of ALA may be associated with a small may be associated with a small increased risk of prostate cancer.increased risk of prostate cancer.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar 25 Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar 25


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:FatsFats

There is a positive association between There is a positive association between palmitic acid and risk of total, localized, palmitic acid and risk of total, localized, and low-grade prostate cancer.and low-grade prostate cancer. Palmitic acid is found in palm oil, dairy Palmitic acid is found in palm oil, dairy

products and meat.products and meat. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1353-63.Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1353-63.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:FatsFats

High serum myristic acid associated with High serum myristic acid associated with an increased risk of prostate canceran increased risk of prostate cancer Myristic acid is found in palm and coconut Myristic acid is found in palm and coconut

oils.oils. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003

Dec;12(12):1422-8.Dec;12(12):1422-8.

Margarine intake was positively Margarine intake was positively associated with prostate cancer associated with prostate cancer

Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Feb;15(1):11-20.Cancer Causes Control. 2004 Feb;15(1):11-20.



A low ratio of oleic-to-stearic acid A low ratio of oleic-to-stearic acid associated with prostate cancer risk. associated with prostate cancer risk. (oleic acid is protective)(oleic acid is protective) Oleic acid is an Omega-9Oleic acid is an Omega-9 Stearic Acid is a thickening agent use in Stearic Acid is a thickening agent use in

food preparation and common in desserts, food preparation and common in desserts, chocolate and candy.chocolate and candy.

J Urol. 2007 Dec;178(6):2391-6 J Urol. 2007 Dec;178(6):2391-6



Olive oilOlive oil Avocado Avocado PeanutsPeanuts AlmondsAlmonds


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Trans Fatty AcidsTrans Fatty Acids

Blood levels of trans-fats are associated Blood levels of trans-fats are associated with an increased risk of non-aggressive with an increased risk of non-aggressive prostate tumors. prostate tumors.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Jan;17(1):95-101.Jan;17(1):95-101.

Trans Fats: hydrogenated or partially Trans Fats: hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated fats and oils. Read your hydrogenated fats and oils. Read your food labels.food labels.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Trans Fatty AcidsTrans Fatty Acids

A strong interaction between risk and A strong interaction between risk and trans-FA intake for the RNASEL QQ/RQ trans-FA intake for the RNASEL QQ/RQ genotype that is present in about 35 % of genotype that is present in about 35 % of the population. the population.

Nutr Res Rev. 2008 Dec;21(2):174-88.Nutr Res Rev. 2008 Dec;21(2):174-88.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Oxidative DamageOxidative Damage

MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were significantly higher in patients with significantly higher in patients with prostate cancerprostate cancer

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(2):175-9. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(2):175-9.

The MDA levels were higher and the The MDA levels were higher and the antioxidant activity and zinc levels lower antioxidant activity and zinc levels lower in the prostate cancer groups than in the in the prostate cancer groups than in the healthy control.healthy control.

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004 Apr;98(1):13-19 Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004 Apr;98(1):13-19


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:MDAMDA

MDA is elevated byMDA is elevated by Low vegetable and fruit intakeLow vegetable and fruit intake Elevated toxic metals and minerals Elevated toxic metals and minerals

Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, etc.Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, etc.

MDA Oxidative Free Radical Urine Tests MDA Oxidative Free Radical Urine Tests and Heavy Metal Urine Tests are and Heavy Metal Urine Tests are available with out a prescription. available with out a prescription.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:CopperCopper

Consistently, high levels of copper have Consistently, high levels of copper have been found in many types of human been found in many types of human cancers, including prostate, breast, cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, and lung. Recent studies suggest colon, and lung. Recent studies suggest that copper (removal) could be used as a that copper (removal) could be used as a novel selective target for cancer novel selective target for cancer therapies. therapies.

Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;67(4):1636-44 Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;67(4):1636-44


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:CopperCopper

Copper was higher (p<0.001) in patients with Copper was higher (p<0.001) in patients with prostate cancer than in controls.prostate cancer than in controls.

Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(2):175-9. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(2):175-9.

Copper is a co-factor essential for tumor Copper is a co-factor essential for tumor angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels) angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels) processes and high levels of copper have been processes and high levels of copper have been found in many types of human cancers, found in many types of human cancers, including prostate, breast and brain. including prostate, breast and brain.

Front Biosci. 2005 Sep 1;10:2932-9 Front Biosci. 2005 Sep 1;10:2932-9

www.ToxicWaterSolution.comwww.ToxicWaterSolution.com


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:LeadLead

Environmental exposure of aging males Environmental exposure of aging males to lead may be a risk factor for prostate to lead may be a risk factor for prostate cancer and/or benign prostate cancer and/or benign prostate hyperplasia possibly through generation hyperplasia possibly through generation of reactive oxygen species and/or of reactive oxygen species and/or reducing the level of zinc which acts as a reducing the level of zinc which acts as a cellular growth protector.cellular growth protector.

Biomed Environ Sci. 2002 Dec;15(4):298-305. Biomed Environ Sci. 2002 Dec;15(4):298-305.



Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Tumor growth can be altered by either a Tumor growth can be altered by either a vegan low-fat diet or eliminating simple vegan low-fat diet or eliminating simple carbohydrates accompanied by weight carbohydrates accompanied by weight loss. loss.

Curr Opin Urol. 2009 May;19(3):263-7.Curr Opin Urol. 2009 May;19(3):263-7.

Starch food intake was directly Starch food intake was directly associated with prostate cancer risk. associated with prostate cancer risk.

Ann Oncol. 2005 Jan;16(1):152-7.Ann Oncol. 2005 Jan;16(1):152-7.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Increased risk of prostate cancer was Increased risk of prostate cancer was associated with the highest servings of associated with the highest servings of grains.grains.

Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(2):216-24.Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(2):216-24.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:SoySoy

A daily diet containing four slices of a bread A daily diet containing four slices of a bread rich in soy grits favorably influences the PSA rich in soy grits favorably influences the PSA level and the free/total PSA ratio in patients level and the free/total PSA ratio in patients with prostate cancer. with prostate cancer.

This work provides some evidence to support This work provides some evidence to support epidemiologic studies claiming that male epidemiologic studies claiming that male populations who consume high phytoestrogen populations who consume high phytoestrogen diets have a reduced risk of prostate cancer diets have a reduced risk of prostate cancer development and progression. development and progression.

Urology. 2004 Sep;64(3):510-5 Urology. 2004 Sep;64(3):510-5


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:CholesterolCholesterol

High cholesterol may increase the risk of High cholesterol may increase the risk of prostate cancer.prostate cancer.

Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Dec;19(10):1259-66. Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Dec;19(10):1259-66.

Men with low cholesterol had a lower risk Men with low cholesterol had a lower risk of high-grade prostate cancer.of high-grade prostate cancer.

Int J Cancer. 2008 Oct 1;123(7):1693-8. Int J Cancer. 2008 Oct 1;123(7):1693-8.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Sunshine and Vitamin DSunshine and Vitamin D

Elevated PSA was associated with Elevated PSA was associated with seasons (spring and winter) and being seasons (spring and winter) and being isolated indoors.isolated indoors.

Eur Urol. 2007 Sep;52(3):708-14. Eur Urol. 2007 Sep;52(3):708-14.

Patients diagnosed during the summer Patients diagnosed during the summer and autumn had the best prognosis.and autumn had the best prognosis.

Prostate. 2007 Sep 1;67(12):1362-70.Prostate. 2007 Sep 1;67(12):1362-70.



It is estimated that there is a 30 to 50% It is estimated that there is a 30 to 50% reduction in risk for developing colorectal, reduction in risk for developing colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer by either breast, and prostate cancer by either increasing vitamin D intake to least 1000 increasing vitamin D intake to least 1000 IU/d vitamin D or increasing sun IU/d vitamin D or increasing sun exposure to raise blood levels of exposure to raise blood levels of 25(OH)D >30 ng/ml. 25(OH)D >30 ng/ml.

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Sep;3(5):1548-54. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Sep;3(5):1548-54.



Geographic distribution of prostate cancer Geographic distribution of prostate cancer mortality is the inverse of that of UV radiation. mortality is the inverse of that of UV radiation.

This effect is strongest in counties north of 40 This effect is strongest in counties north of 40 degrees N latitude, where vitamin D synthesis degrees N latitude, where vitamin D synthesis is limited to non-winter months. is limited to non-winter months.

These findings add additional support for the These findings add additional support for the hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency increases risk for prostate cancer.increases risk for prostate cancer.

Cancer Causes Control. 2006 Oct;17(8):1091-101. Cancer Causes Control. 2006 Oct;17(8):1091-101.



Statistically significant correlations of effective Statistically significant correlations of effective or actual survival rates with increasing latitude or actual survival rates with increasing latitude were found for breast, colon, gastric, lung, were found for breast, colon, gastric, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and renal cancer, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and renal cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Five-year survival rates south of 50 degrees N Five-year survival rates south of 50 degrees N were 20%-50% higher than those near 55 were 20%-50% higher than those near 55 degrees N. degrees N.

Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4A):2605-14. Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4A):2605-14.



Get a Blood Test!Get a Blood Test! 25 Hydroxyvitamin D325 Hydroxyvitamin D3 Available through your doctor or my office.Available through your doctor or my office.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:DairyDairy

Skim milk, but not other dairy foods, was Skim milk, but not other dairy foods, was associated with increased risk of associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer.advanced prostate cancer.

In contrast, calcium from nondairy foods In contrast, calcium from nondairy foods was associated with lower risk of non-was associated with lower risk of non-advanced prostate cancer.advanced prostate cancer.

Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec 1;166(11):1270-9. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec 1;166(11):1270-9.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:DairyDairy

Low-fat milk is a potential risk factor for Low-fat milk is a potential risk factor for prostate cancer. prostate cancer.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 May;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 May;


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:ObesityObesity

The increase in obesity from 1980 to The increase in obesity from 1980 to 2002 increased high-grade prostate 2002 increased high-grade prostate cancer incidence by 15.5% and prostate cancer incidence by 15.5% and prostate cancer mortality by between 7.0% and cancer mortality by between 7.0% and 23.0% 23.0%

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Mar;18(3):808-15Mar;18(3):808-15



BMI (body mass index) appeared to have BMI (body mass index) appeared to have no prognostic value for chemotherapy no prognostic value for chemotherapy failure in Dutch patients with clinically failure in Dutch patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and treated localized prostate cancer and treated with prostate removal. with prostate removal.

BJU Int. 2009 Feb 11 BJU Int. 2009 Feb 11



Higher BMI correlated strongly with black Higher BMI correlated strongly with black race, the presence of extra-capsular race, the presence of extra-capsular extension, and higher pathologic stage. extension, and higher pathologic stage.

Prostate. 2009 Apr 1;69(5):520-7.Prostate. 2009 Apr 1;69(5):520-7.



Weight but not prevalent diabetes is Weight but not prevalent diabetes is associated with greater prostate cancer associated with greater prostate cancer mortality in men receiving combined mortality in men receiving combined modality treatment for locally advanced modality treatment for locally advanced disease. disease.

J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 10;26(26):4333-9.J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 10;26(26):4333-9.



Obese patients that receive radiation Obese patients that receive radiation therapy have a very high failure rate.therapy have a very high failure rate.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Mar Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Mar 15;73(4):1017-22.15;73(4):1017-22.



Serum PSA level is influenced by some Serum PSA level is influenced by some components of the metabolic syndrome components of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, diastolic BP, HDL, and fasting (obesity, diastolic BP, HDL, and fasting blood glucose).blood glucose).

Urology. 2008 Oct;72(4):749-54;Urology. 2008 Oct;72(4):749-54;



Free BMI calculator is available at Free BMI calculator is available at www.NaturalCareSolution.comwww.NaturalCareSolution.com..


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:CaloriesCalories

High energy intake (calories) may High energy intake (calories) may increase the risk of prostate (especially increase the risk of prostate (especially advanced prostate cancer).advanced prostate cancer).

Prostate. 2009 Apr 1;69(5):520-7Prostate. 2009 Apr 1;69(5):520-7


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:ExerciseExercise

Physical activity did not predict prostate Physical activity did not predict prostate cancer mortality cancer mortality

J Phys Act Health. 2008 Nov;5(6):918-29.J Phys Act Health. 2008 Nov;5(6):918-29.

There was a significantly increased risk There was a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in the most active men of prostate cancer in the most active men compared with the least active men.compared with the least active men.

Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(11):739-46.Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(11):739-46.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:ExerciseExercise

Prostate cancer survivors were more Prostate cancer survivors were more likely to be active.likely to be active.

Cancer. 2008 Jun;112(11):2475-82.Cancer. 2008 Jun;112(11):2475-82.

Higher vigorous physical activity level Higher vigorous physical activity level was associated with lower risk. was associated with lower risk.

Int J Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;121(7):1571-8.Int J Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;121(7):1571-8.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:AlcoholAlcohol

Slightly lower risks were observed for Slightly lower risks were observed for men who consumed <or=4 glasses of red men who consumed <or=4 glasses of red wine/weekwine/week

Null or slight increased risks were Null or slight increased risks were observed for men who consumed >4 observed for men who consumed >4 glasses/week.glasses/week.

Int J Cancer. 2007 Apr 1;120(7):1529-35.Int J Cancer. 2007 Apr 1;120(7):1529-35.



Men who consumed more than one drink Men who consumed more than one drink per month had a small increased risk of per month had a small increased risk of prostate cancer prostate cancer

White wine consumption was associated White wine consumption was associated with increased risk with increased risk

Red wine, liquor, and beer were not Red wine, liquor, and beer were not associated with prostate cancer associated with prostate cancer

Nutr Cancer. 2006;56(1):50-6.Nutr Cancer. 2006;56(1):50-6.



Consumption of beer or liquor is not Consumption of beer or liquor is not associated with prostate cancer. There associated with prostate cancer. There may be, however, a reduced relative risk may be, however, a reduced relative risk associated with increasing level of red associated with increasing level of red wine consumption.wine consumption.

Int J Cancer. 2005 Jan 1;113(1):133-40.Int J Cancer. 2005 Jan 1;113(1):133-40.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:MeatMeat

Three month randomized trial showed Three month randomized trial showed significant reduction in the consumption significant reduction in the consumption of saturated fat, animal protein, and of saturated fat, animal protein, and increased consumption of vegetable increased consumption of vegetable proteins increased the PSA doubling time proteins increased the PSA doubling time in the intervention group compared to in the intervention group compared to controls. They also showed improved controls. They also showed improved quality of life.quality of life.

Urology. 2008 Dec;72(6):1324-8. Epub 2008 Apr 8.Urology. 2008 Dec;72(6):1324-8. Epub 2008 Apr 8.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:MeatMeat

Increased risk of prostate cancer was Increased risk of prostate cancer was associated with the highest intake of associated with the highest intake of meat protein.meat protein.

Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(2):216-24. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(2):216-24.


Prostate Cancer:Prostate Cancer:Grilled MeatGrilled Meat

Grilled red meat consumption was significantly Grilled red meat consumption was significantly associated with higher growth levels in tumor associated with higher growth levels in tumor cells. cells. (Heterocyclic amines)(Heterocyclic amines)

Grilled hamburger consumption had the Grilled hamburger consumption had the highest association with growth levels.highest association with growth levels.

Grilled white meat had a slight increase in Grilled white meat had a slight increase in growth levels.growth levels.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Apr;16(4):803-8 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Apr;16(4):803-8


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diet and lifestyle influences on prostate cancer keith d. bishop clinical nutritionist b.sc....

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