DIETARY EFFECT OF PREBIOTIC

SUPPLEMENTATION ON FISH

Prebiotics Aquaculture

Introduction

In 1995Concept was introduced By Gibson and Roberfroid.

Criteria to be called as pre-biotic:

Resistant to hydrolysis Fermented by intestinal microbiota. Selectively stimulate growth or activity of

beneficial intestinal bacteria i.e, Lactobacillus species Bifidobacterium species

Prebiotics

Non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth

Chemicals that induce the growth or activity of commensal microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi).

Types of prebiotics

On the basis of source of origin: Disaccharide

Oligosaccharide

Resistant Starch

Disaccharide

Laccitol Lactulose Xylitol

Oligosaccharide

Fructo-oligosaccharide (Fos) Galacto-oligisaccharide Insulin Xylo-oligosaccharide Soybean-oligosaccharide.

What Foods Contain Prebiotics?

Raw dandelion greens Raw garlic Raw leek Raw onion Cooked onion Raw banana

probiotics

Live microbial feed supplements that have beneficial effects on the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance.

Use of prebiotics in aquaculture

Effect on growth Feed conversion Gut microbiota cell damage/morphology resistance against pathogenic bacteria Enhance Immunity

Mechanism of action

Mechanisms by which prebiotics provide

health benefits Increases the amount of lactic acid

producing bacteria (lactobacilli and

bifidobacteria)• Increases the amount of Short Chain

Fatty Acids (SCFAs)- Butyrate,

Acetate, Lactate etc…• Activates carbohydrate

receptor immune cells

Effect of Prebiotic

On Growth of fish On immune system

Effect of prebiotics on growth parameters

A study was conducted by a scientist to find the effect of dietary Prebiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae),Acidifier,and prebiotic and acidifier on growth parameters.

Prebiotic and Acidifier mixed with commercial diets.

The fish were evaluated at days 10, 20, 30 and 40 of being fed by the experimental diets.

To check growth rate, feed intake.

Results

Show prebiotic and acidifier has highest feed intake.

Fish fed with prebiotic and prebiotic with acidifier displayed increased growth rate.

Effects of prebiotics on immune system

Experiments exist state their effect as:

1. Selective change in bacterial composition.

Effects of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal tract

microbial community

A significantly reduce bacterial load in the intestine. E.g. MOS

Dawson and Pirulescu 1999 stated: significantly lower Clostridium perfringens population in the gut.

block type-I fimbriae and prevents pathogens from attaching to the

intestinal lining and passes them out of the gut.

Experiment

2 month trial on tilapia, Dietary effect of Ascorbic acid on fish immunity.

Decreases the microbial diversity of gut ,shown through results.

control given normal diet. Treatment 1 given 3% AA diet. Treatment 2 given 5% AA diet.

Results

CFU Control: 7.20×10 6/gm Treatment 1(3%AA): 1.46×10 6/gm Treatment 2(5%AA): 1.04×10 6/gm Show that fishes with treatment 2 has the

lowest microbial diversity.

Demand of prebiotics in aquaculture

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world.

There is a need for enhanced disease resistance feed efficiency growth performance of cultured fish

species.

The cost of production need to be reduce , better capital income

growth performance and feed efficiency increase survivility of the fishes increase. Dietary supplementation of different

feed additives e.g. immunostimulants

Conclusion

Prebiotics have great potential as agents to improve or maintain a balanced intestinal microflora to enhance health and wellbeing

References

Javid Mortazavi Tabrizi1 Abolfazl Barzeghar2 Saeed Farzampour3 Hamid Mirzaii4 Saeid Safarmashaei5