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    DIFFERENCES BETWEENCARDIAC AND SKELETAL

    MUSCLE

    MASTER STUDENT TUTORIAL

    2009

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    BASIC OF MUSCLE UNIT

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    IN CARDIAC AND SKELETALMS.

    Molecular basis for contraction is still thesame that is.

    Ca2+ - Troponin C

    - Upstroke of action potential is still thesame that is

    Inward Na+ current

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    DIFFERENCES

    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    1.Involuntary striatedmuscle

    -small size,average 20um and diameter 50-100um

    -single centrally locatingnucleus

    -voluntary striatedmuscle

    -bigger

    -longitudinal cell withmultiple nucleus in 1 cell

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    2.Histologicaldifferences

    -intercalated disc

    http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/6/6e/Glanzstreifen.jpg

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    IMPORTANCE OFINTERCALATED DISC

    they act as a glue to hold myocytestogether so that they do not separatewhen the heart contracts. Secondly, they

    allow an electrical connection between thecells, supporting synchronized contractionof cardiac tissue

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    3. T tubules in cardiac

    ms is short and broad,notriads,instead got dyads(intercalated disc) withgap jx

    -also SR lack of TC

    -T tubules long and

    narrow,forming triad(TC-T tubule-TC)

    -proper SR with TC

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    4. Cardiac muscle tissue

    contracts without neural

    stimulation. This property

    is called automaticity.

    -The timing of contractions is

    normally determined by

    specialized cardiac muscle

    cells called pacemaker

    cells.

    -skeletal muscle contractswith neural stimulation-

    needed stimulation at NMJbefore AP generated

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    5. Innervation by thenervous system canalter the paceestablished by thepacemaker cells and

    adjust the amount oftension producedduring a contraction.

    -no alteration can bemade as no pacemakercells

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    CARDIAC MUSCLE

    6. Cardiac muscle cellcontractions last roughly

    10 times longer than dothose of skeletal musclefibers. (150ms-300ms)

    -A skeletal muscle cell canbe stimulated by very rapid

    successive stimuli whichgive rise to a sustainedcontraction (manycontractions groupedtogether before the cell has

    a chance to relax fromindividual contractions). Thisis known as tetany.

    -1ms

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    7.There is plateau phase -there is no plateau

    phase

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    8. Cardiac muscle is adapted tobe highly resistant to fatigue: it has

    a large number of mitochondria,enabling continuous aerobicrespiration, numerous myoglobins(oxygen-storing pigment), and agood blood supply, which providesnutrients and oxygen.

    -The heart is so tuned to aerobicmetabolism that it is unable topump sufficiently in ischaemic

    conditions.

    -skeletal ms able to pump in bothaerobic and anaerobic state and

    can tolerate anaerobic state morethan cardiac ms

    http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mitochondrionhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Oxygenhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Oxygenhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mitochondrion

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    CARDIAC SKELETAL

    9.Cardiac muscle cannot contractin the absence of extracellularcalcium ions as well asextracellular sodium ions.

    - The reason for the calciumdependence is due to the

    mechanism of calcium-inducedcalcium release (CICR) from theSR that must occur under normalexcitation-contraction (EC)coupling to cause contraction

    -skeletal muscle contraction isactivated by calcium stored in thesarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).

    http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Calciumhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Calciumhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Calciumhttp://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Calcium

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    THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION


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