differences between men and women in periosteal apposition and bone loss during aging

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Differences between Men and Women Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging Seeman E. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:320

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Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging. Seeman E. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:320. Femur Geometry on DXA. 365 women with hip fracture 2141 controls Prodigy Femur Geometry. Femur Strength Index Study 4 Investigators. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Differences between Men and Women  in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

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Differences between Men and Women Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Agingin Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

Seeman E. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:320

Page 2: Differences between Men and Women  in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

Definitions

CSA Cross-sectional area

CSMI Cross-sectional moment of inertia

Shaft-neck angle

Y Distance from the center of mass to the superior neck margin

d1 Distance from head center to section of minimum CSMI along neck axis

Femur Geometry on DXA

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Femur Strength Index StudyFemur Strength Index Study4 Investigators4 Investigators

365 women with hip fracture365 women with hip fracture

2141 controls2141 controls

Prodigy Femur GeometryProdigy Femur Geometry

Osteoporosis International January, 2006

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Femur Strength Index

Osteoporosis International January, 2006

“HAL and FSI were significant predictors of hip fracture…The FSI was a significant predictor of hip fracture even after adjustment for T score and HAL. The power for predicting fracture was significantly improved by combining T score, FSI, and HAL compared with T score alone.”

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Color coded density plotsColor coded density plots

Three levels of densityThree levels of density

Set cut points using histogram Set cut points using histogram tooltool

Show densities < 1SD below Show densities < 1SD below and > 1SD above mean BMDand > 1SD above mean BMD

Bone profile toolBone profile tool

Research: Femur Density Distribution Research: Femur Density Distribution

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골다공증의 최신 진단지침과 유의사항골다공증의 최신 진단지침과 유의사항

2006 ISCD guideline2006 ISCD guideline

New guidelineNew guideline

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)

Beyond BMDBeyond BMD

Structure (size, geometry, trabecular architecture, Structure (size, geometry, trabecular architecture, etc)etc)

Material property (mineral, collagen, microdamage)Material property (mineral, collagen, microdamage)

Beyond T-scoreBeyond T-score

Absolute fracture risk assessmentAbsolute fracture risk assessment

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골절 위험도 반영골절 위험도 반영

전 세계적으로 널리 이용전 세계적으로 널리 이용

80+

70–79

60–69

50–59

50

–6 –5 0–4 –1–3 –2 1 2

T-score

T-score 를 이용한 WHO 골다공증 진단 기준

간편하며 쉽게 적용 간편하며 쉽게 적용

골절 진단의 특이도가 높음골절 진단의 특이도가 높음

Bone mineral density (SD units or T-score)Bone mineral density (SD units or T-score)

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Treatment GuidelinesTreatment Guidelines

NOF

AACE

NAMS

ACOG

ALL

-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5

RF

RF

RF

RF

Fragility Fracture (with or without low BMD)

T-score

?NOF : National Osteoporosis Foundation, AACE : American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, NAMS : North American Menopause Society, ACOG : American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Treat Don’t treat

Page 9: Differences between Men and Women  in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

F/58, L1-L4; -1.9

Total

femur 0.4

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WHO WHO 골다공증 진단 기준의 단점 골다공증 진단 기준의 단점

골절 진단의 예민도가 낮음골절 진단의 예민도가 낮음

치료 여부 결정에 적합한 기준이 아님치료 여부 결정에 적합한 기준이 아님

연령연령 , , 골절 등 위험인자가 반영되지 않음골절 등 위험인자가 반영되지 않음

골의 질 골의 질 (quality)(quality) 이 반영되지 않음이 반영되지 않음

원칙적으로 백인 여성에 국한하여 적용원칙적으로 백인 여성에 국한하여 적용

측정부위가 척추측정부위가 척추 , , 대퇴골대퇴골 , , 요골에 국한 요골에 국한

측정부위와 방법에 따라 다양한 결과 측정부위와 방법에 따라 다양한 결과

표준 정상치의 신뢰 정도에 영향을 받음표준 정상치의 신뢰 정도에 영향을 받음

골절위험도의 지속적 증가 개념과 맞지 않음골절위험도의 지속적 증가 개념과 맞지 않음

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Kanis Swedish ModelKanis Swedish Model10-Year Risks of Any of 4* Fractures10-Year Risks of Any of 4* Fractures

*Hip, humerus, wrist, or clinical spine.*Hip, humerus, wrist, or clinical spine.

Kanis Swedish ModelKanis Swedish Model10-Year Risks of Any of 4* Fractures10-Year Risks of Any of 4* Fractures

*Hip, humerus, wrist, or clinical spine.*Hip, humerus, wrist, or clinical spine.

Data from Kanis JA, et al. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:989-995.

30.830.824.524.519.419.415.215.211.811.89.19.17.07.0

28.428.422.822.818.318.314.614.611.511.59.09.07.17.1

23.923.919.319.315.615.612.612.610.010.08.08.06.36.3

20.220.216.216.213.013.010.410.48.28.26.56.55.15.1

16.816.813.413.410.710.78.58.56.76.75.35.34.14.1

14.114.111.311.39.29.27.47.45.95.94.74.73.83.8

7575

7070

6565

6060

5555

50 50

T-ScoreT-Score

––3.03.0T-ScoreT-Score

––2.52.5T-ScoreT-Score

––2.02.0T-ScoreT-Score

––1.51.5T-ScoreT-Score

––1.01.0T-ScoreT-Score

––0.50.5T-ScoreT-Score

00

AgeAge(years)(years)

30.830.824.524.519.419.415.215.211.811.89.19.17.07.0

28.428.422.822.818.318.314.614.611.511.59.09.07.17.1

23.923.919.319.315.615.612.612.610.010.08.08.06.36.3

20.220.216.216.213.013.010.410.48.28.26.56.55.15.1

16.816.813.413.410.710.78.58.56.76.75.35.34.14.1

14.114.111.311.39.29.27.47.45.95.94.74.73.83.8

7575

7070

6565

6060

5555

50 50

T-ScoreT-Score

––3.03.0T-ScoreT-Score

––2.52.5T-ScoreT-Score

––2.02.0T-ScoreT-Score

––1.51.5T-ScoreT-Score

––1.01.0T-ScoreT-Score

––0.50.5T-ScoreT-Score

00

AgeAge(years)(years)

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WHO Scientific Group Meeting on WHO Scientific Group Meeting on Fracture Risk ReportingFracture Risk Reporting

RotterdamRotterdam

EVOS/EPOSEVOS/EPOS

CaMosCaMos

RochesterRochester

SheffieldSheffield

DubboDubbo

EPIDOSEPIDOS

OFELYOFELY

KupioKupio

HiroshimaHiroshima

Gothenburg I, IIGothenburg I, II

59,232 subjects

(Female; 74 %)

249,898 person-years

5,444 total fractures

3,459 OP fractures

959 hip fractures

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WHO WHO 연구에서 골절의 절대 위험도 평가에 이용된 연구에서 골절의 절대 위험도 평가에 이용된 위험인자위험인자

위험인자 상대위험도 위험인자 상대위험도 (Relative risks) (Relative risks)

흡연 흡연 1.7 1.7

골절 병력 골절 병력 1.8 1.8

대퇴골 골절의 가족력 대퇴골 골절의 가족력 2.3 2.3

음주 음주 ( > 2 unit/( > 2 unit/ 일일 )                      1.7 )                      1.7

스테로이드 사용 스테로이드 사용 2.3 2.3

류마티스 관절염 류마티스 관절염 1.8 1.8

대퇴골 경부 대퇴골 경부 Z-score                    1.6 Z-score                    1.6

(( 골밀도 측정결과가 없으면 골밀도 측정결과가 없으면 저체중 저체중 (BMI < 20 kg/m(BMI < 20 kg/m22)) 으로 대체으로 대체 )           )          

Alcohol 2 units = 16 gm = 500ml = 100ml2 잔 =

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0.01

0.1

1

10

100

50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Age (years)

10 year hip fracture probability (%)

T-score -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

No prior fracture

50 55 60 65 70 75 80

T-score -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

Prior fracture

Female, BMI = 22

BMD and Hip Fracture Probability

Kanis. J, et al.

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Case : Swedish Hip and 3-Fracture RiskCase : Swedish Hip and 3-Fracture Risk

10-Year Risk for Any Fracture

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

50 60 70 80Age

Fe

mo

ral

Ne

ck

T-s

co

re

10%

20%

Low Risk

Medium Risk

High Risk

10 Yr 10 Yr HIPHIP

10 Yr 10 Yr Any 3*Any 3*

0.9%0.9% 7.8%7.8% At age 52, T-score -1.5At age 52, T-score -1.5

Kanis JA et al. 2001: J Bone Miner Res 16 (Suppl 1):S194.

* Spine, hip, or wrist

52 세 여성

4 년 전 조기 폐경

체중 : 52.5 kg

모친 고관절 골절병력

2 년 전 HRT 중단

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한국인 고관절 골절 빈도 조사• 하용찬 등 ( 제주도 지역 50 세 이상 ): 2002. 1. 1 ~ 12. 31

50 세 이상 : 118,100 ( 여자 : 68,640, 남자 : 46,460)

골관절 골절 발생 평균 나이 : 77.1 세 (50 ~ 98 세 )

발생률 : 128/100,000 ( 남자 : 93/100,000, 여자 : 168/100,000 )

연령별 발생률 변화

• 노성만 등 ( 전남 지역 50 세 이상 ): 134/100,000/year

연령연령 발생률 발생률 (/100,000/(/100,000/year)year)

50-5950-59 1616

60-6960-69 6666

70-7970-79 240240

>> 80 80 821821

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골다공성 골절 치료의 국가적 비용골다공성 골절 치료의 국가적 비용

전체환자수

50대이상환자 (%)

50대이상환자수

골절당직접비용( 단위 :

원)

골절당간접비용( 단위 :

원)

직접비용( 단위 :

백만원 )

직간접비용( 단위 :

백만원 )

고관절 23,280 0.81 18,857 7,520,399

7,309,058

141,811 279,636

척추 29,419 0.7 20,593 6,251,127

7,922,785

128,731 291,888

손목 25,037 0.33 8,262 2,194,212

9,580,317

18,129 97,284

총 668,807

골다공증성 골절 비용 : 6688 억원 /1 년

( 골다공증성 골절비용연구 , 박일형 , 양규현 , 문성환 등 , 2006)

Page 19: Differences between Men and Women  in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

정상 자료의 중요성

Korea USAMid.ea

st

BMD 0.823 (L1-L4)

t-score

-2.4 -3.0 -2.3

Korea Mid. eastUSA

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2006. 9 ASBMR, Philadelphia

Page 21: Differences between Men and Women  in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

Spine and Femur BMD

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Age(years)

BM

D (

g/c

m2

) Spine L1-4

Total Femur

Femur Neck

Trochanter

Osteoporosis Prevalence in Korean Women

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

50-80 60-80 70-80

Age

Pre

vale

nce

(%) Spine L1-4

Femur Neck

Total Femur

Trochanter

Any site

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Female Young Adult BMD Values ComparisonFemale Young Adult BMD Values Comparison

Country Spine L1-L4 Femur Neck Trochanter Total Femur

Korean 1.150 ±0.12 0.941 ±0.11 0.739 ±0.10 0.975 ±0.11

Japanese 1.110 ±0.12 0.900 ±0.12 0.750 ±0.11 0.934 ±0.12

Chinese 1.114 ±0.12 0.930 ±0.12 0.759 ±0.11 0.975 ±0.13

AmericanCaucasian

1.180 ±0.12 0.980 ±0.12 0.790 ±0.11 1.000 ±0.12

(mean(mean ±± standard deviation, g/cmstandard deviation, g/cm2))

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2006. 9 ASBMR, Philadelphia

골다공증성 골절 비용 : 6688 억원 /1 년

한국인 고관절 골절율 : 128-134 명 /10 만명

한국인 정상 골밀도 연구

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골다공증의 최신 진단지침과 유의사항골다공증의 최신 진단지침과 유의사항

2006 ISCD guideline2006 ISCD guideline

New guidelineNew guideline

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)

Beyond BMDBeyond BMD

Structure (size, geometry, trabecular architecture, etc)Structure (size, geometry, trabecular architecture, etc)

Material property (mineral, collagen, microdamage)Material property (mineral, collagen, microdamage)

Beyond T-scoreBeyond T-score

Absolute fracture risk assessmentAbsolute fracture risk assessment

Page 25: Differences between Men and Women  in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

• 척추골절계측 (Vertebral Fracture Assessment)

•뼈의 크기와 기하학 (geometry)

; CSMI, Hip axis length, Fall index

• 골절의 절대위험도 (Absolute fracture risk)

DXA 의 진화 ; Beyond BMD