different opperting system

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TYPES OF OS

1. Batch Processing System: Data or programs are collected grouped and processed at a later date. Exampleof Use: Payroll, stock controland billing systems.

An example of batch processing is the way that credit card companies process billing. The customer does

not receive a bill for each separate credit card purchase but one monthly bill for all of that month's

purchases. The bill is created through batch processing, where all of the data are collected and held until

the bill is processed as a batch at the end of the billing cycle

2. Real-time Operating Systems: Inputs immediately affect the output. Timing is critical and the term real-time control system. e.g. control of nuclear power plants, oil refining, chemical processing and traffic

control systems Airbag Deployment

3. Single-user, single task- As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computerso that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The symbian is a good example of a single-user,

single-task operating system.

4. Single-user, multi-tasking- This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop andlaptop computers today. Microsoft's Windows and Apple's MacOS platforms are both examples of

operating systems that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time. For

example, it's entirely possible for a Windows user to be writing a note in a word processor while

downloading a file from the Internet while printing the text of an e-mail message. MS DOS

5. Multi-user- A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of thecomputer's resources simultaneously. The operating system must make sure that the requirements of the

various users are balanced, and that each of the programs they are using has sufficient and separate

resources so that a problem with one user doesn't affect the entire community of users. Mainframe

operating systems, are examples of multi-user operating systems.

It's important to differentiate between multi-user operating systems and single-user operating systems

that support networking. The system administrator is the only "user" in Windows 7 or Apple OS X

6. Distributed system -consists of multiple computers that communicate through a computer network. Thecomputers interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. Eg. Massively multiplayer online

games, Aircraft control systems, traffic control systems

7. Embedded system- is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system,often with real-time computing constraints. E.g. Digital watches and MP3 players

Mainframe

So, who uses mainframes? Just about everyonehas used a mainframe computer at one point or another. If youever used an automated teller machine (ATM) to interact with your bank account, you used a mainframe .

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APPLE OS MOUNTAIN LION

iCloud:

iCloud is how a Mac, iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch work together. It keeps your mail, calendars, contacts,

reminders, documents, notes, and more up to date wherever you use them. So when you add, delete, or change

something on your Mac, it also happens automatically on your iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch.

iMessage:

Now you can send messages to anyone on an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch running iOS 5, too. Messages appear on

your Mac and any device you use, which means you can say hi from your Mac and keep chatting on your iPhone or

iPad, no matter where you are. Send photos, videos, documents, and contacts even send messages to a group.

Youll see when your message has been delivered and when someones typing a reply. Turn on read receipts, and

theyll see when youve read a message.

Notification Center:

Whenever you want to see all your notifications in one place, just swipe to the left from the right edge of the

trackpad. And there they are, in a simple, ordered list. So youll always know whats up as soon as it comesup.

Power Nap:

When your Mac goes to sleep, It periodically updates Mail, Contacts, Calendar, Reminders, Notes, etc. When your

Mac is connected to a power source, it downloads software updates and makes backups. While all that updating is

going on, the system sounds are silent and no lights or fans come on, so nothing disturbs you.

Sharing:

Youll find the Share button throughout OS X Mountain Lion. Share photos, videos, and other files with Facebook,

Twitter, Flickr, or Vimeo.

A HISTORY OF WINDOWS

19751981: Microsoft boots up


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Getting started: Microsoft co-founders Paul Allen (left) and Bill Gates

Few have heard of microcomputers, but two young computer enthusiasts, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, see that

personal computing is a path to the future.

In 1975, Gates and Allen form a partnership called Microsoft. Like most start-ups, Microsoft begins small, but has a

huge visiona computer on every desktop and in every home.

The dawn of MS-DOS

In June 1980, Gates and Allen hire former Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer to help run the company. The next

month, IBM approaches Microsoft about a project code-named "Chess." In response, Microsoft focuses on a new

operating systemthe software that manages, or runs, the computer hardware and also serves to bridge the gap

between the computer hardware and programs, such as a word processor. They name their new operating system

"MS-DOS."

MS-DOS is effective, but also proves difficult to understand for many people. There has to be a better way to build

an operating system.

19821985: Introducing Windows 1.0

Interface Manageris the code name and is considered as the final name, but Windowsprevails because it best

describes the boxes or computing windows that are fundamental to the new system.

On November 20, 1985, two years after the initial announcement, Microsoft ships Windows 1.0. Now, rather than

typing MS-DOS commands, you just move a mouse to point and click your way through screens, or windows.

There are drop-down menus, scroll bars, icons, and dialog boxes that make programs easier to learn and use.

You're able to switch among several programs without having to quit and restart each one. Windows 1.0 ships with


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several programs, including MS-DOS file management, Paint, Windows Writer, Notepad, Calculator, and a

calendar, card file, and clock to help you manage day-to-day activities.

Geek trivia:Remember floppy disks and kilobytes? Windows 1.0 requires a minimum of 256 kilobytes (KB), two

double-sided floppy disk drives, and a graphics adapter card. A hard disk and 512 KB memory is recommended for

running multiple programs or when using DOS 3.0 or higher.

19871992: Windows 2.02.11More windows, more speed

On December 9, 1987 Microsoft releases Windows 2.0 with desktop icons and expanded memory. With improved

graphics support, you can now overlap windows, control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed

up your work. Some software developers write their first Windowsbased programs for this release.

In 1988, Microsoft becomes the worlds largest PC software company based on sales. Computers are starting to

become a part of daily life for some office workers.

Geek trivia:Control Panel makes its first appearance in Windows 2.0.

19901994: Windows 3.0Windows NTGetting the graphics

On May 22, 1990, Microsoft announces Windows 3.0, followed shortly by Windows 3.1 in 1992. Taken together,

they sell 10 million copies in their first 2 years, making this the most widely used Windows operating system yet.

Windows now has significantly better performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors, and improved icons. With

full support for the Intel processor, programs run noticeably faster. Program Manager, File Manager, and Print

Manager arrive in Windows 3.0.

Windows is increasingly used at work and home and now includes games like Solitaire, Hearts, and Minesweeper.


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19952001: Windows 95 - (and don't forget the Internet)

On August 24, 1995, Microsoft releases Windows 95, selling a record-setting 7 million copies in the first five weeks.

Launch day: Bill Gates introduces Windows 95

This is the era of fax/modems, e-mail, the new online world, and dazzling multimedia games and educational

software. Windows 95 has built-in Internet support, dial-up networking, and new Plug and Play capabilities that

make it easy to install hardware and software. The 32-bit operating system also offers enhanced multimedia

capabilities, more powerful features for mobile computing, and integrated networking.

At the time of the Windows 95 release, the previous Windows and MS-DOS operating systems are running on

about 80 percent of the worlds PCs. Windows 95 is the upgrade to these operating systems. To run Windows 95,

you need a PC with at least 4 MB of RAM (8 MB of RAM recommended). Windows 95 features the first appearance

of the Start menu, taskbar, and minimize, maximize, and close buttons on each window.

Catching the Internet wave

In the summer of 1995,the first version of Internet Explorer is released.

Geek trivia:In 1996, Microsoft releases Flight Simulator for Windows 95the first time in its 14-year history that

its available forWindows.

19982000: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me

Windows 98
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Improvements include the ability to open and close programs more quickly, and support for reading DVD discs and

universal serial bus (USB) devices. Another first appearance is the Quick Launch bar, which lets you run programs

without having to browse the Start menu or look for them on the desktop.

Geek trivia:Windows 98 is the last version based on MS-DOS.

Windows Me

First appearances: System Restore, a feature that can roll back your PC software configuration to a date or timebefore a problem occurred. Movie Maker provides users with the tools to digitally edit, save, and share home

videos. And with Microsoft Windows Media Player 7 technologies, you can find, organize, and play digital media.

Windows 2000 Professional

Windows 2000 adds major improvements in reliability, ease of use, Internet compatibility, and support for mobile

computing.

20012005: Windows XPStable, usable, and fast

On October 25, 2001, Windows XP is released with a redesigned look and feel that's centered on usability and a

unified Help and Support services center. Its available in 25 languages.

Its both fast and stable. Awareness of computer viruses and hackers increases, but fears are to a certain extent

calmed by the online delivery of security updates. Consumers begin to understand warnings about suspiciousattachments and viruses.

20062008: Windows VistaSmart on security


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Windows Vista is released in 2006 with the strongest security system yet. User Account Control helps prevent

potentially harmful software from making changes to your computer. In Windows Vista Ultimate, BitLocker Drive

Encryption provides better data protection for your computer, as laptop sales and security needs increase.

Design plays a big role in Windows Vista, and features such as the taskbar and the borders around windows get a

brand new look. The redesigned Start button makes its first appearance in Windows Vista.

2009: Windows 7

Windows 7 was built for the wireless world. By the time it was released, laptops were outselling desktops, and it

had become common to connect to public wireless hotspots in coffee shops and private networks in the home.

Geek trivia:Windows 7 was evaluated by 8 million beta testers worldwide before it was released.

2012: Windows 8

It introduces a totally new interface that works smoothly for both touch and mouse and keyboard.

Along with Windows 8, Microsoft also launched Windows RT, which runs on some tablets and PCs. Windows RT is

designed for sleek devices and long battery life, and exclusively runs apps from the Windows Store. It also comes

with a built-in version of Office that's optimized for touchscreens.

Whats new in Win 8

The Start screen :Tiles on the Start screen are connected to people, apps, folders, photos, or websites, and are alive with

the latest info, so you're up to date at a glance


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Mouse, keyboardand now touch Apps from the Windows Store Your Windows, everywhere:

Sign in with your Microsoft account to any of your PCs running Windows 8 and you'll immediately seeyour own background, display preferences, and settings

SpeedWindows 8 starts up faster, switches between apps faster, and uses power more efficiently

than Windows 7

Apple iOS v/s Windows 8

1. SecuritySecurity is extremely important in the software world. However, Apple products are typically more

secure than Microsoft. Windows 8 is supposedly more secure than previous versions of the operating

system, but talk of it being totally secure without the need for third-party software sounds ridiculous.

Apple's OS X, meanwhile, actually delivers on the security front without needing additional software.

2. New software:Both Windows 8 and OS X offer integrated app stores. OS X has the advantage here because its App

Store has been around longer and offers more software to choose from.

3. Organizing and finding your stuff:OS X's Finder and Windows 8's File Explorer are how you start apps, open files, and keep your stuff

organized in general. They both operate quite similarly, but OS X's Preview function lets you view files

without actually opening them. That lets you quickly post photos on Twitter or Facebook, or compose

an email with an attached file. It simply feels more modern.

4. Corporate world:The corporate world is not yet willing to deploy Windows 8. In fact, some studies have shown that the

enterprise won't even consider deploying the operating system until 2014. Why? The enterprise

wants to wait to see what issues arise. With OS X Mountain Lion, most issues are already known,

making the operating system a better choice for companies that want to buy new computers now

and are willing to address shortcomings.5. More Apps:

The app situation on Windows 8 is not good. According to reports, Microsoft is offering less than

8,000 apps in Windows 8 right now. Apple's marketplace is easily beating that figure (more than

6,00,000 apps).

6. Rapid Updates:


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One of the nice things about OS X is that Apple updates it nearly every year. Microsoft, meanwhile,

only offers incremental updates from time to time, and launches a major upgrade every few years.

Customers looking for the latest and greatest operating systems should stick with OS X; they're more

likely to find them on a regular basis.

7. Hardware:Apple iOS can run only on a Macintosh hardware system whereas Wndows 8 can run on almost any

device (Dell, HP, Lenovo, Compaq, Acer, Asus, Sony, Samsung, etc) except for Apple.

8. Cost:Windows 8 - 7,999 and Windows 8 Pro - 12,999

Apple OS X Mountain Lion - 1,100

BLACKBERRY OS 10

BB 10 OS is developed by Research In Motion which owns the brand Blackberry. It is a Canadian

telecommunication and wireless equipment company with headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Its

current CEO is Thorsten Heins.

BB OS 10 is based on QNX (Canadian software company, later acquired by RIM) - Unix Like OS. It was launched on

January 30, 2013 and will be installed in Z10 (a full touchscreen device) and the Q10 (a device equipped with a

physical keyboard)

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data

transmission rates. EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a threefold increase in capacity

and performance compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection.

Blackberry HUB:

Access all your messages and conversations at any time, from any appBlackBerry Hub keeps everything in one

place. In the middle of something and see the flashing red light? Take a peek with one simple gesture.Previewmessages from the app youre in, choose to reply orreverse the gesture to go back to what you were doing.

BLACKBERRY KEYBOARD:

Experience a brand new way to type. The new BlackBerry Keyboard learns how you write and adapts to your

style. It suggests words to help you type faster, more accurately and with the least amount of effort. (Not to be

confused with dictionary T9). You can also Switch to other language by swiping.

BBM:

Switch your BBM chat to a BBM Video conversation with just a tap and catch up face-to-face. The new Screen

Share feature lets you show photos, your browser or review a business document. You can even share the view

from your camera and music.

For the times when you want to hear a friends laughter instead of reading their LOLs, BBM now comes with

BBM Voice.3Switch your BBM conversation from text to a call and speak to your BBM contacts, from virtually
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anywhere they are in the world for free over Wi-Fi. Youll instantly know whenever BBM friends are available to

call.

Black Berry Flow:

Enables gesture support, user can move from one app to another by swiping on the screen.

BlackBerry Balance:

BlackBerry Balance technology is designed to separate and secure work and personal information on BlackBerry

devices so users can stay connected to the important people and things in their life. So users personal apps cant

access work information, and work information cant be copied and pasted into personal apps or email messages

ANDROID

Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart

phones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google backed financially and later

purchased in 2005.

Share whats on your phone on the big screen

Android 4.2 allows devices to enable wireless display. You can share movies, YouTube videos, and anything thats

on your screen on an HDTV.

Notifications

Just swipe down from the top of the screen to see all your notifications in one place. Late for a meeting or missed a

call? Take action in an instant directly from the notifications. All screen sizes now feature the status bar on top,

with pull-down access to notifications and a new Quick Settings menu.

Widgets:

With Jelly Bean it's now even easier to personalize your home screen. As you place widgets on the screen,

everything else automatically moves to make room. When they're too big, widgets resize on their own.

Accessibility:

Enable screen magnification to easily zoom or pan the entire screen to get a closer look. Users can now magnify

with a double-tap on the screen.

Smart Keyboard:

The keyboard can anticipate and predict the next word, so you can finish entire sentences just by selecting

suggested words. With improved speech-to-text capabilities, voice typing on Android is even better. It works even

when you don't have a data connection, so you can type with your voice everywhere you go.


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i OS 6

Facebook:

Now its easier than ever to interact with the worlds largest social network. And theres no need to leave your app

to do it. Share a photo to Facebook straight from Camera or Photos. Post your location straight from Maps. Brag

about a high score straight from Game Center. You need to sign in to Facebook only once, and youll be off and

sharing. Never miss another birthday or get-together, since Facebook events are integrated into Calendar. And

your Facebook friends profile information is integrated into Contacts, so when they update an email address or

phone number, you automatically stay up to date.

Photo Sharing

Now you can share just the photos you want, with just the people you choose. Simply select photos from the

Photos app, tap the Share button, choose who you want to share your photos with and theyre on their way.

Friends using iCloud on an iOS 6 device or a Mac running Mountain Lion get the photos delivered immediately in

the Photos app or iPhoto.

Phone:

Now when you decline an incoming call, you can instantly reply with a text message or set a call-back reminder.

And when things are just too hectic, turn on Do Not Disturb and you wont be bothered by anyone.

Safari:

iCloud Tabs keeps track of which pages you have open on your devices, so you can start browsing on one device

and pick up where you left off, on whatever device is handy. Safari now saves web pages not just links in your

Reading List, so you can catch up on your reading even when you cant connect to the Internet.

Panorama:

With one simple motion, you can shoot up to 240 degrees even vertically, to get that skyscraper, say. Then

hardware and software work together to create one seamless, high-resolution panorama.

Find my iPhone:

It happens. You misplace your iPhone or your iPad or your iPod touch. Luckily, iOS 6 and iCloud now offer Lost

mode, making it even easier to use Find My iPhone to locate and protect a missing device.6 Immediately lock your

missing iPhone with a four-digit passcode and send it a message displaying a contact number. That way a good

Samaritan can call you from your Lock screen without accessing the rest of the information on your iPhone. And

while in Lost mode, your device will keep track of where its been and report back to you anytime you check in

with the Find My iPhone app.

BLACKBERRY 10 V/S iOS6 V/S ANDROID JELLY BEAN


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Google maps on android:Apple Maps look stunning but dont give you walking or transit directions. With Google adding 3D and

offline maps, Apple may have a lot of work to do on its maps before they can claim parity. For now, Jelly

Bean steals this one. Good news: the Google Maps app is now available for iOS.

Apple store apps:The numbers of Android apps are growing at a dizzying rate, but it will take some time to catch up with

the 800,000+ apps available on the Apples Store

CustomizationThere is clearly more customization in Android as compared to iOS and Blackberry OS. iOS and Blackberry

OS give you very little control over what can be changed and customized, with just basic functions such

as changing the wallpaper and moving app icons available.

Andriod apps on Blackberry 10:BlackBerry 10 smartphones have an Android player, allowing them to run third-party Android apps.

Blackberry 10 swipes:When the message indicator blinks, you can swipe up from within any application to view the type of

messageand either return to the program or Peek into the BlackBerry Hub and see the sender.

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