different types of steering systems + examples

8/13/2019 Different Types of Steering Systems + Examples

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Different types of Steering Systems

& Examples

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20/21 Mar’09

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEMDIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM

NEXT

PREV

Steering systems/mechanisms in use

STEERING

RACK & PINION WORM & ROLLER

RACK & PINION

MANUAL

RECIRCULATING BALL & NUT

DRIVEN EPS

HYDROSTATIC PINION

DRIVEN EPS

RACK

COLUMN

DRIVEN EPS

RECIRCULATING

BALL & NUT ( GEROTOR )

POWER

HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL /

RACK & PINION WORM & ROLLER

ELECTRO-HYD

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEMDIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM

Steering systems/mechanisms in use

Hydraulic Electro-hyd Electr ic

1 SCREW & NUT X X

2 CAM & LEVER X X

3 WORM & ROLLER X X X

4 RECIRCULATING BALL SCREW & NUT ? ?

5 RACK & PINION

6 GEROTOR X X

MANUALSTEERING MECHANISMS IN USESL. NO POWER-ASSISSTED

STEERING SYSTEM STEERING RATIO

CONSTANT VARIABLE

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MANUAL STEERING SYSTEMS

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Typical Mechanical Steering Systems( for “on-road vehicles )

Steering Systems

Cars / UVs

UVs/LCVs

Trucks / Bus

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POWER-ASSISSTED STEERING SYSTEMS

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Need for Need for Power SteeringPower Steering

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NEED FOR POWER STEERINGNEED FOR POWER STEERING

The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :

INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITYINCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITYNEXT

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HIGH AXLE LOADSHIGH AXLE LOADSNEXT

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POOR ROAD CONDITIONSPOOR ROAD CONDITIONS

PREV


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All of the above situations force the driver tooperate the vehicle at slow speeds ,increasing

steering effort causing FATIGUE TO DRIVERS.

Judgment of a fatigued driver will be poor.

Poor judgment in driving means increased

potential for accidents.

LED TO THE DEVELOPMENTLED TO THE DEVELOPMENT

OF POWER STEERINGOF POWER STEERINGNEXT

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Benefits of Benefits of Power SteeringPower Steering

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BENEFITS OF POWER STEERINGBENEFITS OF POWER STEERING

EFFORTLESS STEERINGEFFORTLESS STEERING

15 mkg

3 mkg

2 mkg

1 mkg

HCV CAR HCV CAR

S T E E R I N G E F F O R T S A T P A R K I N G

MANUAL

STEERING

POWER

STEERING

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PRECISE & QUICK RESPONSEPRECISE & QUICK RESPONSE

LOCK TO LOCK MANUAL STEERING

TOTAL TURNS 6 TO 7

LOCK TO LOCK POWER STEERING

40

30

20

10

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

LH TURN RH TURN

TOTAL TURNS 3 TO 4

O U T P U T A N G L E ( D E G )

INPUT TURNS

SAP

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ABSORBS ROAD SHOCKSABSORBS ROAD SHOCKS

Vehicle fitted withManual Steering

Vehicle fitted withPower Steering

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GREATER SAFETY ANDGREATER SAFETY AND

CONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONSCONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONSSRK

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HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING SYSTEMS

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SYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERINGSYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERING

Power Steering

Pump Power Steering

FI Gear

Power Steering

Reservoir

Suction

Line

P r e s s u r

e

L i n e

R e t u r n Li n e

NEXT

PREV

Steering Systems

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Typical Box-type Power Steering System for CVs

( Tie rod behind the axle )

Reservoir

Power Steering Pump

Integral Power Steering Gear

Pitman Arm

Steering Column

Intermediate Shaft

Tie Rod Tube

Tie Rod End

Draglink

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Integral (Box type) Power Steering System

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Typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for CVs


(Manual)

Cylinder type Power Steering System

Steering Systems

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Typical Box-type Power Steering System for UVs


Integral (Box type) Power Steering System

Steering Systems

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Cylinder type Power Steering System

Non-typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for UVs


(Manual)

Steering Systems

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Typical R&P Power Steering System for Cars

( Tie rod ahead of the axle )

Rack &Pinion

Steering Gear

Steering Wheel

Steering Column

Intermediate ShaftTie Rods

Steering Lever

Steering Systems

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Typical R&P type Power Steering System for Cars / UVs

Integral Rack & Pinion type Power Steering System

Steering Systems

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HYROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEMS

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Typical Hydrostatic Steering System(for “off-road vehicles”)

Steering Systems

Farm Tractors / Earthmovers

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Need for Electro-Hydraulic / Electric

Power Steering Systems

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•Fuel efficiency.

•Emission control @ engine idle.

•Control flexibility thro’ S/W change instead of H/W change.

•Integration with other electronic controls on vehicle

e.g., ABS, TCS, ESP, etc.

Need for EHPS / EPS

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• Vehicle Performance / Safety

– Steering Feel Tuning i.e. Vehicle and/or Driver Setting

• Energy Saving

– Reduced Fuel Consumption (1 to 3 % Reduction)

– High System Efficiency

– Flow on demand and according to Vehicle Speed ( speed-pro feel )

– Low energy consumption, in idle less than 50 Watt

– Engine independent operation (Engine Shut Off)

• Future Application Criteria

– Interaction with other Chassis/Vehicle Control and Driver Assist Systems

– Migration of EPHS-technology into EHS- and SBW-Applications

– MPU-Utilization beyond Steering Applications (e.g. Active and Semi activeChassis, Braking, Power Train (Automated Clutches and Transmissions)

EHPS Benefits

Steering Systems

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• Cost & Quality

– Component Assembly (HPS ) Module Assembly (EPHS)

– Final Test in Car (HPS) Pre-tested System (EPHS)

– Engine Independence (vs. Belt-Drive-Pump@ HPS)

– Fail-Safe Operation incl. Protection Measures

– System Responsibility lies with one Supplier

– Simplified Supply Chain

– Lower Maintenance and Warranty Cost

• Time to Market

– Steering System Tuning Flexibility in Development Process

– Similar Packaging to existing Steering

– Variable Position of Motor-Pump-Unit

EPHS Benefits (cont‘d)

Steering Systems

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Electric Power Steering Systems

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EPS - Scheme

Steering Systems

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Rack Drive Column Drive Pinion Drive

Electric Power Steering Systems

Electric Motor Electric Motor

Steering Systems

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Column Drive EPS

Motor / Reduction Gear/ ECU / Bracket - Assy

Manual R&P Stg Gear

Steering Systems

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Rack ( Belt ) Drive EPS

RCB- Screw

RCB- Nut

Belt driveMotor & ECU

Steering Systems

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END OF THE SESSION

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20/21 Mar’09

different types of steering systems + examples

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