WATER POLLUTION

The case study of different places around the world regarding water pollution

ARAL SEA AND WATER POLLUTION

By Anika Tabassum ID- 13203010

A LITTLE ABOUT ARAL SEA: was considered as the fourth largest inland body of

water in the world the name translates as "Sea of Islands", referring to

over 1,100 islands that once dotted its waters is situated in Central Asia, between the Southern part of

Kazakhstan and Northern Uzbekistan it shrank to less than 50 percent its original size as a

result of the diversion of its in-flowing rivers, the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya

the shrinking of the sea has been called "one of the planet's worst environmental disasters"

REASONS BEHIND WATER POLLUTION:

irrigation in the fertile lands between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya

Increase of cotton production; it requires more water

use of pesticides presence of heavy metals and minerals due to

industrialization oil hydrocarbons bacteriological contamination increasing salinity

FIG. 01: SALINIZATION INCREASED BECAUSE OF LACK OF FRESH WATER [1]

Link [1]: http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/aralsoe/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

STEPS THAT HAS BEEN TAKEN:

 dam project was completed in 2005 improving the quality of irrigation canals using alternative cotton species that require less water cultivating crops other than cotton Redirecting water from the Volga, Ob and Irtysh Rivers to

restore the Aral Sea to its original form, thus the salinity will reduce [2]

Link [2]:https://web.archive.org/web/20080429235809/http://www.ecoworld.com/

home/articles2.cfm?TID=354

Ecological Disruption of Buriganga River

Fuad Md. Abdul Muiz14304148Spring’16Section: 08Group: 05

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Before and After the pollution of Buriganga

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Causes of Buriganga River pollution:

The most alarming threat to Buriganga River is human actions, taken place on both water and lands. People occurring actions, responsible for contaminating water are like;

● Industrial Waste● Sewage ● Mining● Transit Disposal

In case of Buriganga River, the fact of Industries is one of the highly concerning issues.

Hazaribagh is home to 95% of Bangladesh’s leather tanneries, which every day dump 22,000 cubic litres of toxic waste into Buriganga, the city’s main river and water supply.

Industrial Waste

The most alarming reason of Buriganga River becoming polluted is industrial wastage. 95% of Bangladesh’s leather tanneries are existing in Hazaribag which is responsible of dumping 22,000 cubic litres of toxic waste into the Buriganga everyday. This river day by day loosing it’s natural attire and endangering life of the people of Dhaka due to throwing wastes into the main water body of the city.

A man crosses a bridge over a rubbish-filled canal in Hazaribagh, Dhaka. In 2013, the neighbourhood was listed as the fifth most polluted place on Earth by Green Cross Switzerland and the Blacksmith Institute.

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SewageIn the Mughal period, Pollution of Buriganga River began since the sewage of the city used to be dumped into the river. As Dhaka is a most populated city, it creates abundant of sewage wastes those ends up into the massive waterbody of the city is “Buriganga river”. Though in developing countries sewage water is treated before let it be mixed up with the main water body like river, in Bangladesh it is not practiced. All types of human wastes may contain viruses, bacteria and other harmful toxic chemicals those are flashed down to the toilet and ends up into the Buriganga River flowed through different drains and canals.

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Impact

As Buriganga River is the only and most important waterbody for the entire Dhaka city, being contaminated its water is a big threat for the near future of this city. People are living on or nearby this river are in a great danger of suffering from many kinds of water contained diseases. Its also threat for the water living species and for their reproduction which might be the cause of extinction of many of them from this part of planet forever. Many other animals like birds , cattles are also poisoned by drinking this river's water. People living around the river have no way but using its water for taking bath, washing clothes and household chores causes health damages and deadly diseases. According to the the Department of Environment, the amount of dissolved oxygen is still too low for aquatic lives to survive in the Buriganga, found In recent water quality tests. It is shown by the laboratory analysis of the samples, that presence of dissolved oxygen was between 0.50-0.84 mgs per litre(mg/L), while standard surface water is 5 mg/L in Bangladesh.

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Remedy Measures

In 2004, a feasibility study on the option of increasing water flow of Buriganga was carried out by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). This is an ideal case of integrated water resources management where it looks for augmenting the rivers of Dhaka with freshwater from the Jamuna River which has a minimum dry season flow of around 3500 cumec while during the dry season, the Buriganga River has a flow of only 50 cubic metre per second (cumec).BWDB, under Ministry of Water Resources, has already submitted a project titled "Augmentation of Buriganga flow by restoring silted up links with Jamuna River' for the consideration of the government”.

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Bongshi River Pollution Case Study

The Bangshi River Fact

The Bangshi was a distributary river of the old Brahmaputra flowed in the southwardly direction through Tangail and discharged in the river Dhaleswari near Savar at Dhaka.

It is about 238 kilometres long having 30 feet average depth

Dhamrai on the bank of Bangshi river is famous for Muslim weaving

The Bangshi River is home to over 100 different species of fish including ganges dolphin

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangshi_River

The Bangshi River Pollution Fact:

Discharge of industrial wastes:

Almost all factories of DEPZ and some other factories from Kornopara, Hemayetpur dump their industrial wastes into Bangshi river which contains several dangerous element like Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead etc. Besides heavy industrial elements stay upon the river bed destroys aquatic ecosystem

Removing slit by river dredging:

Over dredging of Bangshi river slit changes the course of the Bangshi river and also dried up the river in summer. In Septemper 2012, Bangladesh Water Development Board conducted a survey which indicates the decrease of the level of Bangshi River water.

Seizing river side lands:

Powerfull and dominant people seize river side lands to build brick kiln, dredger stations and many more illegal buildings. Due to these buildings channel become narrow which directly affect other associated rivers(Balu river, Turag river)

Household and transportation waste:

Household wastes are thrown into the river due to proper waste management system contaminates river water in long run. Besides fuel leakage from water vehicles like steamers, trawlers accelerate pollution of river water

• http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/59266/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80

The Bangshi River Pollution Impacts

13 families from nolam beparipara, living beside Bangshi river, changes their habitats due to bad smell coming from contaminated river water.

Fishermen, Snail collertor changes their livelihood as the contaminated water destroyed aquatic environment. Torab Ali, instinct fisherman in nolam beparipara, starts to work as day labourer because of the insufficient amount of fishes in Bangshi

People like Moazzem Hossain lost his agricultural land on the bank of Bangshi river as it lost fertility due to contaminated water

Excessive river slit dredging increases river erosion results in the loss of personal belongings and properties.

• dspace.bracu.ac.bd/bitstream/handle/10361/.../Rezaul%20Kabir.pdf?...1

Reasons of not fishing in Bangshi riverNumber of people suffering from diseases

Past and Present Situation of Bangshi river

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangshi_River• http://www.thedailystar.net/city/save-bangshi-river-encroachment-pollution-191368

Remedy measures

Awareness cultural program and Express sharing meeting is initiated by TREE and financed by Unesco

Mass awareness is created by Electronic and paper media

The High Court in 2009 directed the government to take appropriate steps to stop earth-filling, and construction of illegal structures on the four major rivers including Bangshi river and to evict the already built illegal structures.

* www.youtube.com

Flint Drinking Water Pollution

MD. ISHAN AREFIN HOSSAINID: 14301032

Background & Reason:

Flint city was in financial emergency. That’s why the stopped buying drinking water from Detroit and started using Flint River water from April 2014 *

The Flint river water is more corrosive due to higher chloride concentration than the normal water. This leads to leaching lead from aging pipes.

Leaching lead from pipes mixed with drinking water resulting in high level polluted water.

*Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis#Switching_water_source

Impact of lead mixed water:

Proportion of lead in infant and children body doubled (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis#Hurley_Medical_Center_study)

Possible link to Legionnaires disease in Flint Lead poisoning affect the neurodevelopment of

child* Lead poisoning in adults lead to peripheral

neuropathy. Motor nerve dysfunction, renal failure, gout, and adverse fertility.*

*http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6104a1.htm , Graph ref: http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/01/raw-data-lead-poisoning-kids-flint

Steps taken after:

In March 2015, the flint city council decided to go back to Detroit water as their drinking water source and soon Flint’s drinking water supply become normal. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_water_crisis#Return_to_Detroit_water)

The Ganges River Pollution Case Study

The Ganges River Facts :

The Ganges River flows across India and

Bangladesh into the Bay of Bangle.

The Ganges River is 1569 mile long.

The Ganges is home to over 100 different

species of fish and more than 50 different types of

amphibian.

Link: http://primaryfacts.com/412/river-ganges-facts-and-information/

The Ganges River Pollution Facts The Ganges River is the 5th most polluted river in the world in 2007. Sources of pollution: Lather tanneries - chromium and other toxins, human waste,

industrial waste, litters such as plastic bags and bottles, spilled oil from ships and oil tankers, chemical waste, rock mining and activities related to religious significance.

Approximately 1 billion liters of raw, untreated sewage are dumped in the river on a daily basis.

Illegal sand and rock mining industry is removing ton after ton of Ganga’s river bed and banks, causing vast detrimental effects on the ecology and environment of Ganga. This causes bank erosion and deforestation.

Population explosion promoting more establishment of industries which lax regulations of industries’ effluent treatment leading to more pollution.

The levels of Coliform bacteria (found in foods and water) is over 2800 times the level considered safe (World health organization) which means water is extremely dangerous to drink and used for other household works.

• Link 1 : http://www.softschools.com/facts/rivers/ganges_river_facts/2128/• Link 2: http://www.all-about-india.com/Ganges-River-Pollution.html

Pollution Impact The contamination in the Ganges River undermines more than 90 amphibian species, more than

140 fish species, and people who depend on the stream for water. The Ganges river dolphin and shark are both in way of being imperiled. Because of extensive sewage dump from the cities, and toxic effluents from the various

industries, as a reservoir of irrigation supplies Ganges water becomes unusable. This have massive impact in the agricultural sector.

The Ganges river supports the biodiversity of other ecosystems as well so this pollution not only affects the life forms within but also it is severely affecting the other ecosystems.

Due to high mercury level and other toxic chemicals in Ganges water, it is causing serious health problems such skin problems and disabilities among new born infants.

The Ganges river pollution has diverse effect on other elements of the environment too; when biodegradable waste mix with water it causes severe air pollution.

The Gangetic basin includes the area between the Ganga and the Yamuna River to the bay of Bangle. So, along the way this pollution endangered the Royal Bengal tiger of the Sundarbans, freshwater turtles, Gharial, a multitude of birds and a wide variety of fish.

• Massive deforestation occurred along the entire stretch of the Ganga river and her tributaries.

• Link 1: http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/pollution-ganga-river-death-threat-life-line/• Link 2 :https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-environmental-impact-of-pollution-in-the-Ganges

Taken Measures Central Ganga Authority (CGA) was set up in 1985 to monitor domestic and industrial pollution loads, fertilizer

and pesticide use. The Ganga Project Directorate (GPD) was established in June 1985 to intercept and divert the wastes from

urban settlements away from the river. The Ganga Action Plan(GAP), a multi-pronged strategy taken by the government of India to improve the river

water quality.

Figure: Many schemes were taken by the Government of India. Ganga Action Parivar (GAP) an open organization to promote wastewater management with a vision of a clean

and free-flowing River Ganga. The new government of India will be invested US$ 8.3 billion in sewerage infrastructure near river banks Even though there were many measures taken overtime including both public and governmental, it seems

nothing worked out well.

• Link 1: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resourcesquality/wpccasestudy1.pdf• Link 2 : http://www.gangaaction.org/• Link 3: https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/7395-India-s-plan-to-clean-up-the-Ganga-River-is-flawed-say-experts

Pictures

Sewage pouring into the Ganges, (2009) Hyper link

A human body passes while a man washes in the river Ganges Hyper link

Cleaning the river Ganges Hyper link A polluted River Ganges Hyperlink

Water Pollution

InSundarbanBy: Sadman Kabir Mohammed

ID: 14110017http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo/45483821.cms

Background:• Sundarban is a natural area situated in southern Bangladesh and a small part in Eastern India.• It is the largest mangrove forest in the world.• In 9 December 2014 and 4 February 2016; individually two ship capsized carrying oil & coal created a serious damage to the water body of Sundarban.• First incident occurred in the river Shela and the oil spilled over 65 km. This incident considered as a major threat and it caused serious harm to the ecological factor of Sundarban. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Sun_in_Sunderbans.jpg

Impact:• In environmental view the loss of ecological and environmental

damage is ranging $160 million to $640 million.(http://hardsoftwater.com/water-pollution-in-the-river-of-shela-at-sundarbans-by-oil-spill/ )

• Produced lethal condition for aquatic life.• Oil inhabits sunlight going under water; this affected

photosynthesis and food production of phytoplankton's.• Oil covered seedlings and fruits of Sundari trees which affected

their regeneration.• Oil split hampered the natural birth rate of important marines

such as mud crabs, mud skippers and important fishes.• A number of oil-coated animals such as otters, crocodiles,

monitor lizards, and frogs were found dead. https://uglyduckblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/start-to-die.jpg

Oil Coated Crocodilehttp://mongabay-images.s3.amazonaws.com/

15/021.kumar-rao.oil_croc-1024x682.jpg

People are Cleaning Mud from River

http://thirdpole.n.openearth.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/05/GP0STORRN.jpg

Steps Taken After:• Bangladesh Navy ship sprayed a powder adhesive to

increase the density of the oil then oil from water been swept away by fishing nets.

• Bangladeshi government on Wednesday filed a 1-billion-taka (about 128-million-U.S. dollar) suit against the owners of two cargo ships blamed for a massive oil spill.

• The United Nations has sent a team of international experts to clean up the oil mess.

• Local people cleaned up the oil from the river by sponge and Padma oil company offered to buy this oil from them as 30 tk per liter.

THANK YOU