digestive system. organs of the digestive system mouth mouth esophagus esophagus stomach stomach...
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Digestive Digestive SystemSystem
Organs of the Digestive Organs of the Digestive SystemSystem
MouthMouth EsophagusEsophagus StomachStomach Small IntestineSmall Intestine Large IntestineLarge Intestine RectumRectum AnusAnus
Functions of the Functions of the Digestive SystemDigestive System
1.1. IngestionIngestion = Food = Food
enters the mouth.enters the mouth.
Functions of the Functions of the Digestive SystemDigestive System
1.1. IngestionIngestion = Food enters the = Food enters the
mouth.mouth.
2.2. DigestionDigestion = =
Process that Process that breaksbreaks
food food downdown into into
small molecules thatsmall molecules that
can be used by cellscan be used by cells
Functions of the Functions of the Digestive SystemDigestive System
1.1. IngestionIngestion = Food enters the = Food enters the mouth.mouth.
2.2. DigestionDigestion = Process that = Process that breaks food down into small breaks food down into small molecules that can be used by cellsmolecules that can be used by cells
a)a) MechanicalMechanical digestion = digestion = Food is chewed, mixed, Food is chewed, mixed, or churned.or churned.
b)b) ChemicalChemical digestion = digestion = Breaks down large food Breaks down large food molecules using chemicalmolecules using chemicalreactionsreactions
Functions of the Functions of the Digestive SystemDigestive System
1.1. IngestionIngestion = Food enters the = Food enters the
mouth.mouth.
2.2. DigestionDigestion = Process that = Process that
breaks food down into small breaks food down into small
molecules that can be used by molecules that can be used by
cellscells
3.3. AbsorptionAbsorption = =
Small molecules of Small molecules of
food are moved intofood are moved into
thethe bloodstream. bloodstream.
Functions of the Functions of the Digestive SystemDigestive System
1.1. IngestionIngestion = Food enters the = Food enters the mouth.mouth.
2.2. DigestionDigestion = Process that = Process that breaks food down into small breaks food down into small molecules that can be used by cellsmolecules that can be used by cells
3.3. AbsorptionAbsorption = Small = Small molecules of food are movedmolecules of food are moved
into the bloodstream.into the bloodstream.
4.4. EliminationElimination = = WastesWastes made of made of unabsorbed food unabsorbed food molecules pass out of the body.molecules pass out of the body.
Large Intestine
Which is not a function Which is not a function of the digestive of the digestive
system?system?a)a) Breaking down food into Breaking down food into
molecules the body cells molecules the body cells can usecan use
b)b) Absorbing food molecules Absorbing food molecules into the blood to deliver into the blood to deliver to the body cellsto the body cells
c)c) Changing waste into Changing waste into molecules the body can molecules the body can useuse
d)d) Eliminating undigested Eliminating undigested waste from the bodywaste from the body
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
1.1. MouthMouth = = Digestion starts Digestion starts here.here.
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
1.1. MouthMouth = = Digestion starts Digestion starts here.here.
a)a) The tongue & teeth The tongue & teeth mechanicallymechanically break food up.break food up.
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
1.1. MouthMouth = = Digestion starts Digestion starts here.here.
a)a) The tongue & teeth The tongue & teeth mechanicallymechanically break food up.break food up.
b)b) Saliva Saliva chemicallychemically digests food. digests food.a)a) SalivaSaliva = Mostly made of = Mostly made of
waterwater, also contains mucus, also contains mucus
and enzymes, which break and enzymes, which break food molecules down with food molecules down with chemical reactions.chemical reactions.
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
1.1. MouthMouth = = Digestion starts here.Digestion starts here.a)a) The tongue & teeth The tongue & teeth mechanicallymechanically
break food up.break food up.b)b) Saliva Saliva chemicallychemically digests food. digests food.
a)a) SalivaSaliva = Mostly made of = Mostly made of waterwater, also contains , also contains mucus and enzymes, which break mucus and enzymes, which break food down with chemical food down with chemical reactionsreactions
c)c) When swallowing, the When swallowing, the epiglottis epiglottis (a small flap of tissue) automatically (a small flap of tissue) automatically closes over the closes over the tracheatrachea (windpipe). (windpipe).
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
2.2. EsophagusEsophagusa)a) SmoothSmooth muscles force food into muscles force food into
the mucus-lined esophagus.the mucus-lined esophagus.
b)b) Rhythmic muscular Rhythmic muscular
contractions contractions
((peristalsisperistalsis) push food ) push food
downwarddownward..
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
3.3. StomachStomacha)a) Food undergoes Food undergoes mechanicalmechanical digestion digestion
when stomach muscles when stomach muscles churnchurn the food the food into into chymechyme, a soupy substance., a soupy substance.
b)b) ChemicalChemical digestion digestion happens when hydrochloric happens when hydrochloric acid (acid (HClHCl) and ) and pepsinpepsin break down the complex break down the complex proteins.proteins.
3.3. PeristalsisPeristalsis pushes the chyme pushes the chyme toward stomachtoward stomach’’s exit after s exit after 2-42-4 hours. hours.
Which is not an Which is not an example of mechanical example of mechanical digestion?digestion?a)a) Teeth chewing foodTeeth chewing food
b)b) Tongue breaking up Tongue breaking up foodfood
c)c) Smooth muscles in Smooth muscles in stomach churning stomach churning foodfood
d)d) Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid breaking down breaking down proteinsproteins
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
4.4. Small IntestineSmall Intestine (4-7 meters (4-7 meters long)long)
a)a) Mechanical & Chemical Mechanical & Chemical digestion happen here.digestion happen here.
b)b) Intestinal juice Intestinal juice
(full of (full of enzymesenzymes) )
breaks down food.breaks down food.
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
4.4. Small IntestineSmall Intestine (4-7 meters (4-7 meters long)long)
a)a) Mechanical & Chemical Mechanical & Chemical digestion happen here.digestion happen here.
b)b) Intestinal juice (full of Intestinal juice (full of enzymesenzymes) breaks down ) breaks down food.food.
c)c) Accessory OrgansAccessory Organs• LiverLiver = = BileBile is is
produced here (Bileproduced here (Bile
breaks upbreaks up fatsfats like like
dish detergent dish detergent
breaks up grease.).breaks up grease.).
Organs of the Digestive Organs of the Digestive TractTract
4.4. Small IntestineSmall Intestine (4-7 meters (4-7 meters long)long)
a)a) Mechanical & Chemical Mechanical & Chemical digestion happen here.digestion happen here.
b)b) Intestinal juice (full of Intestinal juice (full of enzymesenzymes) breaks down ) breaks down food.food.
c)c) Accessory OrgansAccessory Organs• LiverLiver = = BileBile is produced is produced
here (Bilehere (Bile breaks upbreaks up fatsfats
like dish detergent breaks like dish detergent breaks
up grease.).up grease.).
4.4. Gall bladderGall bladder = Bile = Bile
is is storedstored here until here until
released into the small intestine.released into the small intestine.
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
4.4. Small IntestineSmall Intestine (4-7 meters long)(4-7 meters long)a)a) Mechanical & Chemical Mechanical & Chemical digestion happen here.digestion happen here.b)b) Intestinal juice (full of Intestinal juice (full of enzymesenzymes) breaks down food.) breaks down food.
c)c) Accessory OrgansAccessory Organs• LiverLiver = = BileBile is produced is produced
here (Bilehere (Bile breaks up breaks up fatsfats like dish detergent breaks like dish detergent breaks up grease.).up grease.).
4.4. Gall bladderGall bladder = Bile is = Bile is storedstored here until released here until released into the small intestine.into the small intestine.
a)a) PancreasPancreas = Produces = Produces pancreatic juices, like insulin, that pancreatic juices, like insulin, that are released into the small intestine to are released into the small intestine to break down break down starchesstarches
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
4.4. Small IntestineSmall Intestine (4-7 meters long)(4-7 meters long)a)a) Mechanical & Chemical Mechanical & Chemical digestion happen digestion happen
here.here.b)b) Intestinal juice (full of Intestinal juice (full of
enzymesenzymes) breaks down food.) breaks down food.c)c) Accessory OrgansAccessory Organs
• LiverLiver • Gall bladderGall bladder• PancreasPancreas
d)d) Digested food is Digested food is absorbed absorbed through the through the villi, villi, ridgesridges in the small in the small intestine, into capillaries that carry intestine, into capillaries that carry the nutrients to all of the the nutrients to all of the body cellsbody cells..
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
4.4. Small IntestineSmall Intestine (4-7 meters (4-7 meters long)long)
a)a) Mechanical & Chemical Mechanical & Chemical digestion happen digestion happen here. here.
b)b) Intestinal juice (full of Intestinal juice (full of enzymesenzymes) ) breaks down food.breaks down food.
c)c) Accessory OrgansAccessory Organs• Liver,Liver, Gall bladder, PancreasGall bladder, Pancreas
d)d) Digested food is Digested food is absorbedabsorbed through the through the villivilli into capillaries that carry into capillaries that carry the nutrients to all of the the nutrients to all of the body cells.body cells.
e) By the time food leaves the small e) By the time food leaves the small intestine, it is intestine, it is emptyempty of all of all nutrients except nutrients except waterwater..
Where does absorption Where does absorption of nutrients take of nutrients take
place?place?a)a) MouthMouth
b)b) StomachStomach
c)c) Small intestineSmall intestine
d)d) Liver Liver
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
5.5. Large IntestineLarge Intestine (1.5 meters (1.5 meters long)long)
a)a) Undigested food spends Undigested food spends 18–2418–24 hours hours here, and most of the water is here, and most of the water is re-absorbedre-absorbed. This . This waste material is now waste material is now called feces.called feces.
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
5. 5. Large IntestineLarge Intestine (1.5 meters (1.5 meters long)long)
a)a) Undigested food spends Undigested food spends 18–2418–24 hours here, and hours here, and most of the water is most of the water is re-absorbedre-absorbed..
b)b) Helpful Helpful bacteriabacteria
living in the large living in the large
intestine make intestine make
vitamins vitamins BB and and KK..
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
5.5. Large Intestine Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)(1.5 meters long)a)a) Undigested food spends Undigested food spends 18–2418–24 hours here, and most hours here, and most
of the water is of the water is re-absorbedre-absorbed..b)b) Helpful Helpful bacteriabacteria living in the living in the
large intestine make vitamins large intestine make vitamins BB and and KK..
Materials not Materials not absorbed form into absorbed form into solid wastesolid waste (dead (dead bacteriabacteria, some , some fatfat and and proteinprotein, undigested , undigested food, dried out parts of food, dried out parts of digestive juices, and old intestinal digestive juices, and old intestinal cellscells).).
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
5.5. Large Intestine Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)(1.5 meters long)a)a) Undigested food spends Undigested food spends 18–2418–24 hours here, and most of the hours here, and most of the
water is water is re-absorbedre-absorbed..
b)b) Helpful Helpful bacteriabacteria living in the large living in the large
intestine make vitamins intestine make vitamins BB and and KK.. Materials not absorbed form into Materials not absorbed form into
solid waste solid waste (dead (dead bacteriabacteria, ,
some some fatfat & & proteinprotein, undigested , undigested
food, dried out parts of digestive food, dried out parts of digestive
juices, and old intestinal juices, and old intestinal cellscells).).
Solid waste passes Solid waste passes
into the into the rectumrectum and is stored until it is and is stored until it is eliminated from the body through the eliminated from the body through the anusanus..
Organs of the Organs of the Digestive TractDigestive Tract
6. 6. Large Intestine Large Intestine (1.5 meters (1.5 meters long)long)
Attached to the large intestine is aworm-like structure called the appendix.Little is understood about the function ofthe appendix. The function of the appendix is unknown. One theory is that the appendix acts as a storehouse for good bacteria, “rebooting” the digestive system after illnesses. Other experts believe the appendix played a part in thedigestion of early-man’s diet.