digital communication in wireline and wireless environments990332/fulltext01.pdf · rickard nilsson...

Rickard Nilsson

Digital Communication in Wireline and Wireless

Environments

1999:13

LICENTIATE THESIS

Licentiate thesis

Institutionen för SystemteknikAvdelningen för Signalbehandling

1999:13 • ISSN: 1402-1757 • ISRN: LTU-LIC--99/13--SE

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Vlqfh 4<<8 wkh ]lsshu phwkrg kdv ehhq ghyhorshg e| d uhvhdufk whdp frqvlvwlqjri shrsoh iurp Whold Uhvhdufk dqg Oxohè Xqlyhuvlw| ri Whfkqrorj|1 Lw lv qrz sursrvhgdv d vwdqgdug iru YGVO lq erwk wkh Dphulfdq Qdwlrqdo Vwdqgdugv Lqvwlwxwh +DQVL,W4H417 jurxs ^45/ 46/ 48` dqg lq wkhHxurshdq Whohfrppxqlfdwlrq Vwdqgdugv Lqvwlwxwh+HWVL, WP9 jurxs ^85/ 86`1 Lw zloo dovr eh suhvhqwhg iru wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Whohfrp0pxqlfdwlrq Xqlrq +LWX,1 Whold Uhvhdufk lv fxuuhqwo| lq wkh surfhvv ri exloglqj dsurwrw|sh xvlqj Dssolfdwlrq Vshfl�f Lqwhjudwlqj Flufxlwv +DVLF, zlwk wkhlu frpsdq0lrq VWPlfurhohfwurqlfv/ Iudqfh1

5 Zluhohvv frppxqlfdwlrq fkdqqhov

Lq d zluhohvv hqylurqphqw d edvh0vwdwlrq fdq frppxqlfdwh zlwk lwv prelohv ryhu dwlph ydu|lqj pxowlsdwk fkdqqho dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh 51 Wkh vfdwwhulqj ri wkh vljqdo0zdyhv durxqg wkh wudqvplwwhu dqg wkh uhfhlyhu fdxvhv wkh fkdqqho wr idgh zkhq wkhgl�huhqw sdwkv dgg xs ghvwuxfwlyho|1 Lw dovr fdxvhv wkh lpsxovh uhvsrqvh wr vsuhdg lqwlph ghshqglqj rq gl�huhqw sursdjdwlrq ghod|v iru gl�huhqw sdwkv1 Zkhq lvrwurslfvfdwwhulqj rffxuv/ l1h1 zkhq wkh vljqdo zdyhv duh uh hfwhg iurp doo gluhfwlrqv zlwkhtxdo suredelolw|/ wkh fkdqqho lv riwhq prghoohg dv Ud|ohljk idglqj ^49/ 4:`1 Wklvprgho wdnhv dovr lqwr dffrxqw iuhtxhqf| vsuhdg fdxvhg e| Grssohu0vkliwv zklfk rffxuzkhq wkh preloh lv prylqj uhodwlyh wr wkh edvh0vwdwlrq1 Wkh fruuhodwlrq ri wkh fkdqqho/zklfk ghshqgv rq wkh ghod| vsuhdg dqg rq wkh Grssohu0vkliw/ fdq eh xvhg e| d fkdqqhohvwlpdwru wr wudfn wkh wlph ydu|lqj fkdqqho ^4;`1

Lq wkh zluhohvv hqylurqphqw wkh vljqdov iurp gl�huhqw prelohv fdq lqwhuihuh zlwkhdfk rwkhu zkhq wudqvplwwlqj lq wkh xsolqn wr wkh edvh0vwdwlrq1 Wklv lv ehfdxvh vljqdoviurp gl�huhqw prelohv fdq eh qrq0ruwkrjrqdo/ xqv|qfkurql}hg dqg zlwk xqhtxdo srzhuzkhq wkh| uhdfk wkh edvh0vwdwlrq1 Wklv pxowlxvhu lqwhuihuhqfh pdnhv lw pruh gl!fxowwr vhsdudwh wkhp lq wkh uhfhlyhu ^49` dw wkh edvh0vwdwlrq1

Lq wklv wkhvlv zh kdyh frqvlghuhg wzr sureohpv uhodwhg wr zluhohvv vfhqdulrv1 Rqh lvderxw fkdqqho hvwlpdwlrq ri d zluhohvv fkdqqho lq RIGP ^7` e| xvlqj nqrzq v|perovlq wkh gdwd vhtxhqfh1 Wkh rwkhu lv derxw holplqdwlqj wkh pxowlxvhu lqwhuihuhqfh lq dqdv|qfkurqrxv GV0FGPD hqylurqphqw ^8` e| xvlqj dq pxowlxvhu ghwhfwru1

; Wkhvlv Lqwurgxfwlrq

Iljxuh 5= D zluhohvv fkdqqho zlwk d edvh0vwdwlrq +�, dqg prelohv +�, vxuurxqghg e|orfdo vfdwwhuhuv +krxvhv/ wuhhv/ hwf1,1

6 Ryhuylhz ri RIGPRIGP lv d prgxodwlrq whfkqltxh wkdw lv xvhg lq erwk zluholqh dqg zluhohvv frppx0qlfdwlrq1 Lw lv wkh vwdqgdug iruGljlwdo Dxglr Eurdgfdvw +GDE, ^4<` dqg Gljlwdo YlghrEurdgfdvw +GYE, ^53` lq Hxursh dqg lw zdv d fdqglgdwh iru wkh udglr lqwhuidfh lq wkhwklug jhqhudwlrq preloh frppxqlfdwlrq v|vwhp ^54/ 55` lq Hxursh1 Lw lv dovr xqghulqyhvwljdwlrq iruZluhohvv Orfdo Dffhvv Qhwzrunv +ZODQv, ^56`1 Lq wkh irup ri GPWlw lv xvhg lq DGVO ^43` dqg lq wkh ]lsshu phwkrg iru YGVO ^45/ 46/ 48`1

+

IDFT

Par

alle

lto

Ser

ial

CP& CS

DAC

ADCCP& CS

Ser

ialto

Par

alle

l

DFT

x0x1

xN¡1

y0y1

yN¡1

g(¿ ; t)

Transmitter

Channel

Receiver

Noise

Iljxuh 6= Edvhedqg RIGP v|vwhp1 cFS ) FV* dqg cFS ) FV*� � ghqrwh lqvhuwlrq dqguhprydo ri f|folf h{whqvlrqv/ uhvshfwlyho|1

Iljxuh 6 vkrzv d eorfn gldjudp ri d edvhedqg RIGP prghp1 Wkh sulqflsoh lv wrglylgh wkh dydlodeoh vshfwuxp lqwr � sdudooho vxefkdqqhov xvlqj wkh Glvfuhwh IrxulhuWudqvirup +GIW, iru ghprgxodwlrq dqg Lqyhuvh GIW +LGIW, iru prgxodwlrq1 IruDZJQ fkdqqhov/ wkh prgxodwlrq e| wkh GIW pdnhv wkh vxefkdqqhov ruwkrjrqdo dqg

<

lw fdq eh h�hfwlyho| lpsohphqwhg xvlqj Idvw Irxulhu Wudqvirup +IIW, dojrulwkpv1Glylglqj wkh vshfwuxp lqwr lqghshqghqw vxefkdqqhov kdv vrph dgydqwdjhv ryhu

vlqjoh0fduulhu wudqvplvvlrq1 Ehfdxvh hdfk fkdqqho lq dq RIGP v|vwhp h{shulhqfhv dwidglqj/ jlyhq d surshuo| ghvljqhg f|folf suh�{/ lw doorzv hdvlhu fkdqqho htxdol}dwlrq1Wklv lv ehfdxvh hdfk vxefkdqqho fdq eh lqghshqghqwo| htxdol}hg/ hyhq lq iuhtxhqf|vhohfwlyh fkdqqhov1 Iru vwdwlf fkdqqhov/ w|slfdoo| d zluh/ iru zklfk wkh VQU lv �{hg^57`/ lw lv dovr srvvleoh wr dfklhyh htxdo suredelolw| ri v|pero huuru rq hdfk vxefduulhue| xvlqj d elwordglqj dojrulwkp1 Wkh elwordglqj dojrulwkp dvvljqv d fhuwdlq qxpehuri elwv wr hdfk vxefduulhu ghshqglqj rq lwv sduwlfxodu VQU wr phhw vrph uhtxluhphqwri v|pero huuru suredelolw|51

N subcarriers, W Hz

Subcarrier spacing W=N Hz

Frequency

Amplitude

Iljxuh 7= Vnhwfk ri dq RIGP vljqdo lq wkh iuhtxhqf| grpdlq zlwk � vxefduulhuvrffxs|lqj ` K}1

Iljxuh 7 vkrzv d vnhwfk ri dq RIGP vljqdo lq wkh iuhtxhqf| grpdlq1 Hdfkvxefduulhu lv vkdshg dv d vlqf ixqfwlrq gxh wr uhfwdqjxodu zlqgrzlqj ri wkh RIGPvljqdo lq wkh wlph grpdlq1 Wkh vxefduulhu vsdflqj lv`*� ^K}`/ zkhuh ` lv wkh wrwdoedqgzlgwk rffxslhg e| wkh RIGP vljqdo1

CP

fs

CS

fsTime [s]

2N

fs

Iljxuh 8= F|folf h{whqvlrqv ri dq RIGP v|pero1 FV lv xvhg lq wkh ]lsshu gxsoh{phwkrg1

Lq RIGP wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| lv fuxfldo dqg kdv wr eh rewdlqhg lq erwk wlph dqgiuhtxhqf|1 Lq glvshuvlyh fkdqqhov wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| lq wlph lv pdlqwdlqhg e| dyrlglqj

5W|slfdoo| 43�: iru YGVO v|vwhpv1


x0...

xN¡1

y0...

yN¡1

n0

nN¡1

h0

hN¡1

++

+ +

Iljxuh 9= Glvfuhwh lqwhusuhwdwlrq ri wkh frqwlqrxv wlph RIGP vljqdo1

Lqwhu V|pero Lqwhuihuhqfh +LVL,1 Wklv fdq eh dffrpsolvkhg e| lqvhuwlqj dF|folf Suh�{+FS, dv d jxdug lqwhuydo1 Wklv vkrxog eh orqjhu wkdq wkh orqjhvw fkdqqho lpsxovhuhvsrqvh h{shfwhg dqg lqvhuwhg dw wkh ehjlqqlqj ri hdfk RIGP v|pero1 Dw wkhuhfhlyhu wkh FS/ zklfk frqwdlqv doo LVL iurp wkh suhylrxv v|pero/ lv uhpryhg dqg wkh� uhpdlqlqj LVL0iuhh vdpsohv duh ghprgxodwhg e| wkh GIW1 Wkh FS lv frqvwuxfwhgdv d frs| +e| wdnlqj �� vdpsohv, ri wkh odvw sduw ri wkh RIGP v|pero1 Gxh wrlwv frqvwuxfwlrq lw dyrlgv dovr Lqwhu Fduulhu Lqwhuihuhqfh +LFL, e| pdlqwdlqlqj wkhruwkrjrqdolw| ehwzhhq wkh vxefduulhuv1 E| xvlqj wkh FS/ wkh vdpsohg uhfhlyhg vljqdoorrnv olnh d flufxodu frqyroxwlrq ehwzhhq wkh wudqvplwwhg gdwd dqg wkh fkdqqho lpsxovhuhvsrqvh1 Iljxuh 8 vkrzv d vnhwfk ri dq RIGP v|pero lq wkh wlph grpdlq +lqglfdwlqjrqh fduulhu, dqg krz wkh FS lv frqvwuxfwhg +zkhuh s

r^K}` lv wkh vdpsolqj iuhtxhqf|,1

Zkhq wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| lv rewdlqhg/ wkh vxefkdqqhov fdq eh prghoohg dv d vhw ri�sdudooho Jdxvvldq vxefkdqqhov dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh 91

614 Glvfuhwh Pxowl0Wrqh prgxodwlrq 0 D zluholqh irup riRIGP

Lq zluholqh v|vwhpv RIGP lv dovr xvhg dv d pxowlfduulhu prgxodwlrq vfkhph xqghuwkh qdph Glvfuhwh Pxowl0Wrqh prgxodwlrq +GPW, ^58/ 59/ 43`1 Lw lv hvvhqwldoo| RIGPlq wkh edvhedqg zlwk wkh dgglwlrqdo elwordglqj surfhvv shuiruphg lq wkh wudqvplwwhu^58/ 5:/ 5;/ 5<`1 Dv glvfxvvhg hduolhu/ h{dpsohv ri GPW duh irxqg lq gl�huhqw GVOv|vwhpv/ lqfoxglqj wkh ]lsshu0YGVO gxsoh{ vfkhph1

Lq GPW wkh zluh lv xvxdoo| dq ruglqdu| whohskrqh olqh wr wkh krph/ d zluh0sdlufrqvlvwlqj ri f�� f�D pp wklfn frsshu zluh wkdw lv wzlvwhg dqg frdwhg zlwk d wklqsodvwlf od|hu iru lqvxodwlrq1 Wkh sxusrvh ri wkh wzlvw lv wr vxssuhvv hohfwur0pdjqhwlf�hogv wkdw duh lqgxfhg durxqg wkh zluh1 Exw gxh wr lpsdluphqwv lq wkh wzlvw dqgvlqfh wkh zluh lv xqvklhoghg/ lw zloo udgldwh dqg uhfhlyh gl�huhqw w|shv ri hohfwur0pdjqhwlf �hogv/ vxfk dv furvvwdon dqg udglr iuhtxhqf| lqwhuihuhqfh/ zklfk fdq fdxvhglvwxuedqfhv dqg olplw wkh shuirupdqfh lq d GPW v|vwhp1

Zkhq vhyhudo zluh orrsv duh froohfwhg lqwr d fdeoh exqgoh/ wkh vljqdov lq gl�huhqworrsv zloo jhqhudwh wzr w|shv ri uhodwhg furvvwdon1 Wkh vwurqjhvw furvvwdon/ fdoohgQhdu Hqg furvv Wdon +QH[W, ghslfwhg lq Iljxuh :/ rffxuv zkhq prghpv dw wkhFhqwudo R!fh +FR, wudqvplw dqg uhfhlyh dw wkh vdph wlph exw ryhu gl�huhqw zluhv1Wkh dwwhqxdwhg dqg zhdn xsvwuhdp vljqdo zloo wkhq eh glvwxuehg e| QH[W iurp dvwurqjhu grzqvwuhdp vljqdo lq d qhljkerulqj zluh1 Wkh rwkhu lqwhuihuhqfh/ fdoohg IduHqg furvv Wdon +IH[W,/ rffxuv lq d vlplodu zd| exw ehwzhhq prghpv frqqhfwhg rq

44

Twisted pair A

Twisted pair B

Cable bundle

Transmitter

Receiver

NEXT

Iljxuh := Qhdu hqg furvvwdon +QH[W,1

FEXT

Twisted pair A

Twisted pair B

Cable bundle

Transmitter

Receiver

Iljxuh ;= Idu hqg furvvwdon +IH[W,1

rssrvlwh vlghv ri wkh fdeoh1 Wudqvplwwhg vljqdov iurp rqh prghp zloo ohdn/ yld IH[W/wr dqrwkhu zluh dqg dfw dv d glvwxuedqfh dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh ;1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

Pow

erSpec

tral

Den

sity

[dB

m/H

z]

Frequency [MHz]

VDSL signal

FEXTNEXT

AWGN

Iljxuh <= YGVO SVG ohyhov iru d <53 p orqj wzlvwhg sdlu zluh/ > 318 pp1 Wkhwudqvplw SVG ohyho lv 093 gEp2K} dqg wkh furvvwdon lv jhqhudwhg iurp 58 dgmdfhqwzluh sdluv1

Vlqfh wkh IH[W vljqdo lv dwwhqxdwhg wkurxjk wkh zluh lwv vwuhqjwk ghshqgv rq wkhzluh ohqjwk zkloh wkh QH[W jhqhudoo| grhv qrw1 Iljxuh < vkrzv dq h{dpsoh riSrzhuVshfwudo Ghqvlwlhv +SVG, iru wkh YGVO vljqdo/ QH[W/ IH[W dqg wkhDgglwlyh ZklwhJdxvvldq Qrlvh +DZJQ, iru d <53 p orqj wzlvwhg0sdlu fdeoh1


Received signal

+

=

fCS

s

CP+CSfs

CP+CS+2Nfs

Desired signalCP CS

CSCP

Local wire

Disturbingiw res

NEXT

Time [s]

Iljxuh 43= Wlplqj gldjudp iru ghvluhg vljqdo lq d orfdo zluh dqg QH[W iurp glv0wxuelqj zluhv lq wkh vdph exqgoh1 �7*s

r^v` lv wkh ghod| lq wkh orqjhvw zluh1 s

rlv wkh

vdpsolqj iuhtxhqf| lq K}1

Lq wkh ]lsshu0YGVO gxsoh{ vfkhph QH[W lv dyrlghg zkhq doo prghpv xvh wkhvdph fduulhuv iru wkh xs0 dqg grzqvwuhdp gluhfwlrqv1 Krzhyhu/ wr rewdlq ruwkrjr0qdolw| ehwzhhq vxefduulhuv lq gl�huhqw zluh orrsv d F|folf Vx!{ +FV, qhhgv wr ehlqvhuwhg dw wkh hqg ri wkh GPW v|perov dqg doo ]lsshu0prghpv qhhg wr eh v|q0fkurql}hg wr hqvxuh wkdw wkh| vwduw wr vhqg d qhz GPW v|pero dw wkh vdph wlphlqvwdqw1 Wkh FV lv d f|folf h{whqvlrq ri wkh �uvw sduw ri wkh GPW v|pero +e| frs|lqj�7 vdpsohv iurp wkh ehjlqqlqj wr wkh hqg,/ dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh 81 Wklv lv xvhg wrplwljdwh wkh h�hfw ri wkh wudqvplvvlrq ghod| lq wkh zluh/ dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh 43/ wrrewdlq ruwkrjrqdolw|1 Wkh FV lv glphqvlrqhg vr wkdw �7*s

r� { ^v`/ zkhuh { lv wkh

wudqvplvvlrq ghod| iru wkh orqjhvw zluh lq wkh fdeoh exqgoh dqg srlv wkh vdpsolqj

iuhtxhqf| lq K}1 Zlwk d FV dqg v|qfkurql}hg prghpv/ wkh QH[W lq ]lsshu lv ru0wkrjrqdo wr wkh uhfhlyhg vljqdo dqg fdxvhv qr glvwxuedqfh1 Wkhuhiruh/ wkh olplwlqjqrlvh vrxufhv iru wkh ]lsshu v|vwhp duh IH[W dqg DZJQ1

Krzhyhu/ v|qfkurql}lqj doo prghpv vkdulqj wkh vdph fdeoh exqgoh pd| eh lp0sudfwlfdo li wkh vdph uhihuhqfh forfn fdqqrw eh vkduhg lq d vlpsoh zd|1 Iru wkdwfdvh/ zh kdyh ghyhorshg d phwkrg lq sdshu ^6` iru uxqqlqj wkh ]lsshu v|vwhp lq dqdv|qfkurqrxv prgh zlwk rqo| d plqru shuirupdqfh orvv1 Lq wkh dv|qfkurqrxv prghv|qfkurql}dwlrq lv rqo| pdlqwdlqhg rq d olqh0e|0olqh edvlv dqg qrw ehwzhhq gl�huhqwolqhv lq wkh vdph fdeoh exqgoh1 Wr plwljdwh wkh qrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W lqwurgxfhg/zh kdyh wdnhq d gl�huhqw dssurdfk/ rqh wkdw grhv qrw v|qfkurql}h doo prghpv1 Zhdoprvw hqwluho| uhgxfh wkh h�hfwv ri qrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W e| xvlqj d frpelqdwlrqri sxovh0vkdslqj lq wkh wudqvplwwhu +wr vxssuhvv QH[W vlghorehv,/ zlqgrzlqj lq wkhuhfhlyhu +wr plwljdwh QH[W vlghoreh uhfhswlrq, dqg jurxslqj vxefduulhuv iru wkh xs0dqg grzqvwuhdp gluhfwlrqv lqwr eorfnv wkdw duh qrw rwkhuzlvh qhhghg +wr uhgxfh wkhqxpehu ri fkdqjhv0ri0gluhfwlrq ehwzhhq wkh vxefduulhuv,1 Xvlqj wklv phwkrg/ wkhvlghorehv wkdw surgxfh QH[W duh vxssuhvvhg dqg dyrlghg1

Fr0h{lvwhqfh ri YGVO zlwk rwkhu vhuylfhv lq wkh vdph fdeoh exqgoh/ vxfk dv DGVO/lv srvvleoh li QH[W lv qrw lqwurgxfhg ehwzhhq wkhvh v|vwhpv1 Wklv fdq eh rewdlqhg liwkh| xvh wkh vdph iuhtxhqflhv iru wkh xs0 dqg grzqvwuhdp gluhfwlrqv1 Lq wkh ]lsshugxsoh{ vfkhph wklv lv hdvlo| rewdlqhg e| dgdswlqj wkh wudqvplvvlrq gluhfwlrq wr wkhh{lvwlqj vhuylfh+v, zkhuh wkh| ryhuods lq iuhtxhqf|1 Iljxuh 44 vkrzv krz ]lsshu fdq

46A

mplitu

de

Frequency[MHz]0:1 1:1 10¡ 20

ADSL up ADSL down

Zipper-VDSL up

Zipper-VDSL down

Arbitrary transmission directions

Iljxuh 44= ]lsshu0YGVO fr0h{lvwlqj zlwk DGVO1

fr0h{lvw zlwk DGVO1Rwkhu sureohpv uhodwhg wr wkh xqvklhoghg frsshu zluh orrsv duh Udglr Iuhtxhqf|

+UI, lqjuhvv dqg hjuhvv1 Lqjuhvv lv zkhq wkh gdwd vljqdov duh lqwhuihuhg e| UI vljqdovdqg hjuhvv lv zkhq wkh zluh udgldwhv UI vljqdov1 Udglr Iuhtxhqf| Lqwhuihuhqfh +UIL,lv d w|slfdo h{dpsoh ri lqjuhvv lq YGVO ^63 1 Lw rffxuv zkhq d vwurqj udglr vljqdo/prvw olnho| wudqvplwwhg iurp dq dpdwhxu udglr/ lv wudqvplwwhg lq wkh ylflqlw| ri d zluhorrs1 Prvw riwhq wkhvh vljqdov duh yhu| qduurzedqg frpsduhg wr wkh YGVO vshfwuxp+rq wkh rughu ri d ihz nK}, exw zloo qhyhuwkhohvv lqwhuihuh zlwk doo vxefduulhuv lq wkhYGVO v|vwhp dqg ghjudgh wkh shuirupdqfh frqvlghudeo|1 Wklv h�hfw rffxuv vlqfh hyhqd vlqjoh vlqxvrlg wrqh fdq eh vsuhdg ryhu doo iuhtxhqflhv lq wkh GIW ghprgxodwlrq1+Zkhq d vlqjoh wrqh lv uhfwdqjxoduo| zlqgrzhg lq wkh uhfhlyhu e| wkh GIW/ lw lvwudqviruphg wr d vlqf ixqfwlrq dqg lwv srzhu ghfd|v/ wkhuhiruh/ rqo| sursruwlrqdoo|wr s32,1 Wklv fdq uhvxow lq frqvlghudeoh lqwhuihuhqfh rq hyhu| vxefduulhu/ hvshfldoo|wkrvh wkdw duh forvh wr wkh UI vljqdo zkhuh lw fdq kdyh uhodwlyho| kljk srzhu1 Qrq0uhfwdqjxodu zlqgrzlqj ri wkh uhfhlyhg GPW v|perov ehiruh wkh GIW lv d vlpsoh zd|wr uhgxfh wkh lqwhuihuhqfh/ exw wklv grhv qrw vxssuhvv wkh UIL hqrxjk1

Lq sdshu ^5` zh suhvhqw d gljlwdo UIL vxssuhvvlrq phwkrg1 Wklv phwkrg phdvxuhvwkh UIL rq d ihz vlohqw +xqxvhg, wrqhv lq d KDP0edqg +iuhtxhqflhv xvhg e| udglrdpdwhxuv, dqg hvwlpdwhv vrph prgho sdudphwhuv1 Wkhvh duh wkhq xvhg wr vxewudfwdq hvwlpdwh ri wkh lqwhuihuhqfh iurp doo wrqhv fduu|lqj gdwd1 Wkh phwkrg fdq ehxvhg zlwk ru zlwkrxw zlqgrzlqj zlwk vlplodu UIL vxssuhvvlrq shuirupdqfh1 Xvlqj dzlqgrz zloo/ krzhyhu/ uhgxfh wkh qxpehu ri vxefduulhuv wkdw qhhg UIL fdqfhoodwlrq/zklfk fdq uhgxfh wkh frpsoh{lw|1 Zlwk wklv gljlwdo UIL fdqfhoohu zh fdq h!flhqwo|vxssuhvv UIL fdxvhg e| vljqdov zlwk xs wr dw ohdvw 8 nK} edqgzlgwk1


615 Slorw V|pero Dvvlvwhg Prgxodwlrq lq zluhohvv RIGP

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^43` N1 Vlvwdql}dghk/ S1 Fkrz/ dqg M1 Flr!/ �Pxowlwrqh wudqvplvvlrq iru dv|pphwulfgljlwdo vxevfulehu olqhv +DGVO,/� lq Surf1 Lqwhuq1 Frqi1 Frppxq1/ ss1 :89�:93/Pd| 4<<61

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^45` P1 Lvdnvvrq/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ Q1 Juls/ I1 Vmùehuj/ O1 Rovvrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/dqg K1 Ùkpdq/ �]lsshu � d gxsoh{ vfkhph sursrvdo iru YGVO edvhg rq GPW/�Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<:046:/ DQVL/ Fohduzdwhu Ehdfk/ Iorulgd/ Pd| 4<<:1

^46` P1 Lvdnvvrq/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ P1 Vdqghoo/ I1 Vmùehuj/ S1 Ùgolqj/ dqgK1 Ùkpdq/ �]lsshu � d gxsoh{ vfkhph iru YGVO edvhg rq GPW/� Whfk1 Uhs1W4H4172<:0349/ DQVL/ Dxvwlq/ W[/ Mdq1 4<<:1

^47` P1 Lvdnvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ V1 N1 Zlovrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhv0vrq/ �]lsshu � d h{leoh gxsoh{ phwkrg iru YGVO/� lq Surf1 Lqwhuq1 Zrunvkrsrq Frsshu Zluh Dffhvv V|vwhpv +FZDV,/ +Exgdshvw/ Kxqjdu|,/ ss1 <8�<</ Rfw14<<:1

^48` O1 Rovvrq/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ J1 Ùnylvw/S1 Ùgolqj/ Q1 Juls/ K1 Ùkpdq/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ �Lq xhqfh ri wkh ]lsshuGxsoh{ Vfkhph rq wkh Uhfhlyhu G|qdplf Udqjh/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<:046</DQVL/ Fohduzdwhu Ehdfk/ Iorulgd/ Pd| 4<<:1

^49` M1 Surdnlv/ Gljlwdo frppxqlfdwlrqv1 Suhqwlfh0Kdoo/ 6ug hg1/ 4<<81

^4:` Z1 F1 Mdnhv/ Plfurzdyh preloh frppxqlfdwlrqv1 Fodvvlf Uhlvvxh/ Slvfdwdzd|/Qhz Mhuvh|= LHHH Suhvv/ 4<:71

^4;` S1 Kùkhu/ �D vwdwlvwlfdo glvfuhwh0wlph prgho iru wkh ZVVXV pxowlsdwk fkdqqho/�LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 74/ ss1 794�79;/ Qry1 4<<51

^4<` �Udglr eurdgfdvwlqj v|vwhpv> Gljlwdo Dxglr Eurdgfdvwlqj +GDE, wr preloh/sruwdeoh dqg �{hg uhfhlyhuv/� HWV 633 734/ HWVL � Hxurshdq Whohfrppxql0fdwlrqv Vwdqgdugv Lqvwlwxwh/ Ydoerqqh/ Iudqfh/ Ihe1 4<<81

54

^53` �Gljlwdo Ylghr Eurdgfdvwlqj +GYE,> Iudplqj vwuxfwxuh/ fkdqqho frglqj dqgprgxodwlrq iru gljlwdo whuuhvwuldo whohylvlrq/� HWV 633 :77/ HWVL � HxurshdqWhohfrppxqlfdwlrqv Vwdqgdugv Lqvwlwxwh/ Pdu1 4<<:1

^54` H1 Ehuurwr/ P1 Jxgpxqgvrq/ U1 Phqrodvflqr/ Z1 Prku/ dqg P1 Sl}duurvr/ �Uh0vhdufk dfwlylwlhv rq xpwv udglr lqwhuidfh/ qhwzrun dufklwhfwxuhv/ dqg sodqqlqj/�LHHH Frppxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 69/ ss1 ;5�<8/ Ihe1 4<<;1

^55` P1 Zdkotylvw/ Ghvljq dqg Hydoxdwlrq ri dq RIGP0edvhg Sursrvdo iru WklugJhqhudwlrq Preloh Frppxqlfdwlrq1 Olfhqwldwh wkhvlv/ Oxohè Xqlyhuvlw| ri Whfk0qrorj|/ 4<<;1

^56` Eurdgedqg udglr dffhvv qhwzrunv +EUDQ,> lqyhqwru| ri eurdgedqg udglr whfk0qrorjlhv dqg whfkqltxhv1 Whfkqlfdo Uhsruw GWU2EUDQ0363334/ HWVL/ 4<<;1

^57` M10M1 Zhuqhu/ �Wkh KGVO hqylurqphqw/� LHHH M1 Vhohfw1 Duhdv Frppxq1/yro1 VDF0</ ss1 :;8�;33/ Dxj1 4<<41

^58` M1 D1 Elqjkdp/ �Pxowlfduulhu prgxodwlrq iru gdwd wudqvplvvlrq= Dq lghd zkrvhwlph kdv frph/� LHHH Frppxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 5;/ ss1 8�47/ Pd| 4<<31

^59` D1 Uxl}/ M1 P1 Flr!/ dqg V1 Ndvwxuld/ �Glvfuhwh pxowlsoh wrqh prgxodwlrq zlwkfrvhw frglqj iru wkh vshfwudoo| vkdshg fkdqqho/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 73/ss1 4345�435</ Mxqh 4<<51

^5:` S1 V1 Fkrz/ Edqgzlgwk rswlpl}hg gljlwdo wudqvplvvlrq whfkqltxhv iru vshfwudoo|vkdshg fkdqqhov zlwk lpsxovh qrlvh1 SkG wkhvlv/ Vwdqirug Xqlyhuvlw|/ FD/ Pd|4<<61

^5;` S1 V1 Fkrz/ M1 P1 Flr!/ dqg M1 D1 F1 Elqjkdp/ �D sudfwlfdo glvfuhwh pxowl0wrqh wudqvfhlyhu ordglqj dojrulwkp iru gdwd wudqvplvvlrq ryhu vshfwudoo| vkdshgfkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 76/ ss1 ::6�::8/ Ihe1 4<<81

^5<` U1 I1 Ilvfkhu dqg M1 E1 Kxehu/ �D qhz ordglqj dojrulwkp iru glvfuhwh pxowlwrqhwudqvplvvlrq/� lq Surf1 Jorehfrp/ +Orqgrq/ XN,/ 4<<91

^63` N1 W1 Irvwhu/ �Wkh UIL hqylurqphqw iru YGVO1� Glvwulexwhg dw LHHH Jorehfrp*<9/ YGVO Zrunvkrs/ 4;wk Qryhpehu 4<<9/ Orqgrq1

^64` M1 N1 Fdyhuv/ �Dq dqdo|vlv ri slorw0v|pero dvvlvwhg prgxodwlrq iru Ud|ohljk0idglqj fkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Yhklf1 Whfkqro1/ yro1 73/ ss1 9;9�9<6/ Qry1 4<<41

^65` S1 Kùkhu/ �WFP rq iuhtxhqf|0vhohfwlyh odqg0preloh idglqj fkdqqhov/� lq Surf1Wluuhqld Lqw1 Zrunvkrs Gljlwdo Frppxq1/ +Wluuhqld/ Lwdo|,/ Vhsw1 4<<41

^66` Z1 F1 \1 Ohh/ �Ryhuylhz ri fhooxodu FGPD/� LHHH Wudqv1 Yhklf1 Whfkqro1/yro1 73/ ss1 5<4�635/ Pd| 4<<41

^67` U1 Oxsdv dqg V1 Yhugý/ �Qhdu0idu uhvlvwdqfh ri pxowlxvhu ghwhfwruv lq dv|qfkur0qrxv fkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 6;/ ss1 7<9�83;/ Dsu1 4<<31


^68` P1 Ydudqdvl dqg E1 Dd}kdqj/ �Pxowlvwdjh ghwhfwlrq lq dv|qfkurqrxv frgh0glylvlrq pxowlsoh dffhvv frppxqlfdwlrqv/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 6;/ss1 83<�84</ Dsu1 4<<31

^69` P1 N1 Ydudqdvl dqg E1 Dd}kdqj/ �Qhdu0rswlpxp ghwhfwlrq lq v|qfkurqrxv frgh0glylvlrq pxowlsoh0dffhvv v|vwhpv/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 6</ ss1 :58�:69/Pd| 4<<41

^6:` H1 K1 Glqdq dqg E1 Mdeedul/ �Vsuhdglqj frghv iru gluhfw vhtxhqfh FGPD dqgzlghedqg FGPD fhooxodu qhwzrun/� LHHH Frppxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 69/ qr1 </ ss1 7;�87/ 4<<;1

^6;` I1 Dgdfkl/ P1 Vdzdkdvkl/ dqg K1 Vxgd/ �Zlghedqg GV0FGPD iru qh{w jhq0hudwlrq preloh frppxqlfdwlrq v|vwhpv/� LHHH Frppxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 69/ qr1 </ss1 89�9</ 4<<;1

^6<` Udglr v|vwhp fkdudfwhul}dwlrq iru wkh sursrvhg LV0<8 edvhg FGPD SFV vwdq0gdug/ Txdofrpp/ Qry1 4<<71

^73` V1 Prvkdyl/ �Pxowl0xvhu ghwhfwlrq iru GV0FGPD frppxqlfdwlrqv/� LHHH Frp0pxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 67/ ss1 457�469/ Rfw1 4<<91

^74` V1 Yhugý/ �Plqlpxp suredelolw| ri huuru iru dv|qfkurqrxv jdxvvldq pxowlsoh0dffhvv fkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 65/ ss1 ;8�<9/ Mdq1 4<;91

^75` U1 Oxsdv dqg V1 Yhugý/ �Olqhdu pxowlxvhu ghwhfwruv iru v|qfkurqrxv frgh0glylvlrqpxowlsoh0dffhvv fkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Lqirup1 Wkhru|/ yro1 68/ ss1 456�469/Mdq1 4<;<1

^76` S1 Sdwho dqg M1 Krow}pdq/ �Dqdo|vlv ri d vlpsoh vxffhvvlyh lqwhuihuhqfh fdq0fhoodwlrq vfkhph lq d GV2FGPD/� LHHH M1 Vhohfw1 Duhdv Frppxq1/ yro1 45/ss1 :<9�;3:/ Mxqh 4<<71

^77` D10O1 Mrkdqvvrq/ Vxffhvlyh Lqwhuihuhqfh Fdqfhoodwlrq lq GV0FGPD v|vwhpv1SkG wkhvlv/ Fkdophuv Xqlyhuvlw| ri Whfkqrorj|/ 4<<;1

^78` S1 Ùgolqj/ K1 Hulnvvrq/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ �Pdnlqj POVG0ghflvlrqv rq vrphlqglylgxdo v|perov lq d vhtxhqfh e| wkuhvkroglqj wkh pdwfkhg �owhu rxwsxw/� lqSurf1 LHHH Lqwhuq1 V|ps1 Lqi1 Wkhru|/ +Xop/ Jhupdq|,/ Mxqh 4<<:1

^79` K1 E1 Hulnvvrq/ Gljlwdo Eorfn Wudqvplvvlrq dqg Wlph0ri0Ioljkw Hvwlpdwlrq/ 0Uhfhlyhu Ghvljq dqg Shuirupdqfh Dqdo|vlv1 Grfwrudo wkhvlv/ Oxohè Xqlyhuvlw| riWhfkqrorj|/ Pd| 4<<81

^7:` S1 Ùgolqj/ Ghvljq dqg Dqdo|vlv ri Gljlwdo Uhfhlyhuv1 Grfwrudo wkhvlv/ Oxohè Xql0yhuvlw| ri Whfkqrorj|/ Pd| 4<<81

^7;` �Ryhudoo uhtxluhphqwv rq wkh udglr lqwhuidfh+v, ri wkh XPWV HWU2VPJ 54134/�Whfk1 Uhs1 y161313/ HWVL/ Ydoerqqh/ Iudqfh/ 4<<:1

56

^7<` I1 Vmùehuj/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ U1 Qlovvrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/�Shuirupdqfh hydoxdwlrq ri wkh ]lsshu gxsoh{ phwkrg/� lq Surf1 Lqwhuq1 Frqi1Frppxq1/ +Dwodqwd/ Jhrujld,/ ss1 4368�436</ Mxqh 4<<;1

^83` I1 Vmùehuj/ U1 Qlovvrq/ Q1 Juls/ S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ V1 N1 Zlovrq/ dqg S1 Ùgolqj/�Gljlwdo UIL vxsuhvvlrq lq GPW0edvhg YGVO v|vwhpv/� lq Surf1 Lqwhuq1 Frqi1rq Whohfrpp1 +LFW,/ yro1 5/ +Fkdonlglnl/ Juhhfh,/ ss1 4;<�4<6/ Mxqh 4<<;1

^84` P1 Lvdnvvrq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ U1 Qlovvrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ dqg G1 Phvwgdjk/�Sxovh Vkdslqj zlwk ]lsshu � Vshfwudo Frpsdwlelolw| dqg Dv|qfkurq|/� Whfk1Uhs1 W4H4172<;0374/ DQVL/ Dxvwlq/ Wh{dv/ Pdu1 4<<;1

^85` P1 Lvdnvvrq/ U1 Qlovvrq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ S1 Ùgolqj/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ G1 Phvwgdjk/�Sxovh vkdslqj ) zlqgrzlqj lq ]lsshu= Uhgxfwlrq ri rxw0ri0edqg srzhu dqgvshfwudo frpsdwlelolw|�/ Whfkqlfdo Uhsruw Wgrf <;5w48/ HWVL VWFWP9/ Dqwzhu0shq/ Ehojlxp/ Dsulo 53058/ 4<<;1

^86` P1 Lvdnvvrq/ U1 Qlovvrq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ S1 Ùgolqj/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ G1 Phvwgdjk/�Dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu prgh�/ Whfkqlfdo Uhsruw Wgrf <;5w49/ HWVL VWF WP9/Dqwzhushq/ Ehojlxp/ Dsulo 53058/ 4<<;1

^87` Mrkq I1 Nhqqhg|/ Dgguhvv dw Ulfh Xqlyhuvlw| lq wkh Vsdfh H�ruw/ Vhswhpehu 45/4<951

^88` Lqfoxglqj Pv1 Gldqd Kd|ghq/ Plvv Zruog 4<<:/ Krphfrplqj sduw| dw RehurlKrwho/ Erped|/ Lqgld/ Ghf 4;/ 4<<:1

Sduw L

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f�4<<< LHHH/ Uhsulqwhg zlwk shuplvvlrq1

5:

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4 Lqwurgxfwlrq

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Downstream

Upstream

frequency

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5<

Desired signal

NEXT signal

+

Received signal

=

∆

t

CP CS

CP CS

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Iljxuh : vkrzv dfklhydeoh +;=4, dv|pphwulfdo elw udwhv yhuvxv zluh ohqjwk iru wkh fdvhzlwk rqo| vhoi0IH[W dqg DZJQ dv edfnjurxqg qrlvh1 Khuh hyhu| qlqwk vxefduulhu lvxvhg lq wkh xsvwuhdp gluhfwlrq wr jhw dq +;=4, udwlr ehwzhhq xs0 dqg grzqvwuhdp elwudwhv1 Iru zluhv vkruwhu wkdq Sff phwhuv wkhuh lv qr elj gl�huhqfh ehwzhhq wkh wzrw|shv ri zluh/ exw iru orqjhu zluhv wkh wklfnhu WS50zluh jlyhv kljkhu elw udwhv1 Wklvlv ehfdxvh vhoi0IH[W lv wkh grplqdqw qrlvh vrxufh iru vkruwhu zluhv dqg DZJQ iruorqjhu zluhv dqg ehfdxvh wkh WS50zluh dwwhqxdwhv wkh vljqdo ohvv wkdq wkh WS40zluh1

5Dq VQU0jds ri <1; gE ^55` lv xvhg wr dfklhyh d VHU ri dssur{lpdwho| 43�:1


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000

10

20

30

40

50

60

Wire length (m)

Bit

rate

(M

bps)

TP2−cableTP1−cable

Iljxuh := Dfklhydeoh +;=4, dv|pphwulfdo grzqvwuhdp elw udwhv/ zlwk DZJQ dqg 58vhoi0IH[W glvwxuehuv1

715 Pl{ ri YGVO dqg DGVO

Wkh dfklhydeoh elw udwhv iru wkh vhfrqg fdvh/ zkhuh ]lsshu frh{lvwv zlwk 58 DGVOxvhuv lq wkh vdph elqghu jurxs/ duh vkrzq lq Iljxuh ;1 Wkh furvvwdon prghov dqgDGVO srzhu vshfwudo pdvn duh vshfl�hg e| DQVL lq ^4`1 Wr pdnh ]lsshu frpsdwleohzlwk DGVO wkh orzhu vxefduulhuv duh dvvljqhg dv vkrzq suhylrxvo| lq Iljxuh 81 Iljxuh; dovr vkrzv wkh uhvxowv iru d fdvh zkhuh wkh vxefduulhu dvvljqphqw lv pdgh lq vxfkd zd| wkdw wkh wzr v|vwhpv duh qrw vshfwudoo| frpsdwleoh +hyhu| qlqwk vxefduulhu lvxvhg lq wkh xsvwuhdp gluhfwlrq,1 Zh fdq vhh wkdw wkhuh lv d fohdu dgydqwdjh lq pdnlqjYGVO vshfwudoo| frpsdwleoh zlwk DGVO1 Exw hyhq zkhq zh dyrlg QH[W iurp wkhDGVO v|vwhpv wkh shuirupdqfh lv orzhu wkdq lq d fohdq YGVO0hqylurqphqw1 Wkhwudqvplw srzhu vshfwudo ghqvlw| +SVG, ri wkh DGVO vljqdo lv 53 gE kljkhu wkdq iruYGVO/ vr IH[W iurp DGVO zloo eh pxfk vwurqjhu wkdq wkh vhoi0IH[W iurp YGVOlq wkh vkduhg iuhtxhqf| edqg1

716 HWVL qrlvh prgho

HWVL kdv vshfl�hg qrlvh prghov iru edfnjurxqg qrlvh wr eh xvhg zkhq vlpxodwlqjdqg hydoxdwlqj YGVO0v|vwhpv ^5`1 Wkhvh qrlvh prghov lqfoxgh DZJQ dqg d pl{ri furvvwdon iurp rwkhu h{lvwlqj vhuylfhv vxfk dv DGVO/ KGVO/ LVGQ/ hwf1 Lq rxufdofxodwlrqv zh kdyh xvhg qrlvh prgho �D�1 Iljxuh < vkrzv wkh shuirupdqfh iru wklvfdvh1 Frpsdulqj wklv zlwk Iljxuh ;/ zh vhh wkdw wkh shuirupdqfh zlwk wkh HWVL qrlvhlv qrw pxfk gl�huhqw iurp wkh shuirupdqfh iru wkh DGVO fdvh1 Fruuhvsrqglqjo| wkhSVG ri wkh HWVL qrlvh prgho uhvhpeohv wkh SVG ri furvvwdon iurp DGVO v|vwhpv1

6:

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

10

20

30

40

50

60

Wire length (m)

Bit

rate

(M

bps)

TP2, ADSL−compatible TP1, ADSL−compatible TP1, not ADSL−compatible

Iljxuh ;= Dfklhydeoh +;=4, dv|pphwulfdo grzqvwuhdp elw udwhv iru ]lsshu/ zlwk 580DGVO v|vwhpv dqg 58 vhoi0IH[W1

717 HWVL qrlvh prgho soxv UIL

Dv d zruvw fdvh vfhqdulr zh kdyh dgghg hljkw eurdgfdvw udglr lqwhuihuhuv wr wkh HWVLqrlvh prgho �D�1 Wkh hljkw UIL vljqdov/ vshfl�hg e| HWVL ^5`/ duh olvwhg lq Wdeoh61 Wkh srzhu ohyhov dw wkh fhqwudo r!fh duh 43 gE orzhu wkdq dw wkh fxvwrphu vlgh1Wkh UIL vljqdov duh jhqhudwhg e| �owhulqj zklwh Jdxvvldq qrlvh zlwk d wklug rughuExwwhuzruwk �owhu zlwk 5 nK} fxw0r� iuhtxhqf|1 Wklv vljqdo lv wkhq grxeoh0vlghedqgprgxodwhg jlylqj d 7 nK} sdvvedqg vljqdo dw wkh ghvluhg fhqwhu iuhtxhqf|1

Wr vxssuhvv wklv UIL zh kdyh xvhg d qrq0uhfwdqjxodu wlph zlqgrz +udlvhg0frvlqh,^57` dw wkh uhfhlyhu1 Wr suhvhuyh wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| diwhu wkh zlqgrzlqj hdfk GPW0iudph lv h{whqghg f|folfdoo| e| :3 h{wud vdpsohv1 Iljxuh < vkrzv wkh dfklhydeoh elwudwhv iru wklv fdvh1 Wkh shuirupdqfh lv mxvw voljkwo| orzhu wkdq zlwk rqo| wkh HWVLedfnjurxqg qrlvh1

Wudglwlrqdo GPW/ zlwk d uhfwdqjxodu uhfhlyhu zlqgrz/ lv nqrzq wr eh vhqvlwlyhwr vwurqj UIL vlqfh wkh hqhuj| lv vsuhdg rxw ryhu doo GPW0vxefduulhuv ^58`1 Ehfdxvhzh xvh d odujh qxpehu ri vxefduulhuv +h1j1/ 537;, zlwk ]lsshu/ dqg d qrq0uhfwdqjxoduzlqgrz lq wkh uhfhlyhu/ wkh UIL lv frqfhqwudwhg wr mxvw d ihz vxefduulhuv1 Iljxuh 43vkrzv wkh VQU zlwk dqg zlwkrxw UIL1 Lw vkrxog eh qrwhg wkdw KDP0udglr lqwhuihuhuvfdq eh pxfk vwurqjhu wkdq wkh eurdgfdvw lqwhuihuhuv xvhg lq wklv fdvh/ exw wkh| fdqeh doprvw frpsohwho| fdqfhoohg zlwk UIL0fdqfhoodwlrq phwkrgv vxfk dv ^59/ 5:`1

Wdeoh 7 vkrzv wkh pd{lpxp ohqjwk wkh zluhv fdq kdyh iru fhuwdlq elw udwhv +erwkv|pphwulfdo dqg dv|pphwulfdo,/ iru doo gl�huhqw qrlvh vfhqdulrv1

6; Sduw L= ]lsshu 0 D Gxsoh{ Phwkrg iru YGVO edvhg rq GPW

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

10

20

30

40

50

60

Wire length (m)

Bit

rate

(M

bps)

TP2−cable, without RFI

TP2−cable, with RFI

TP1−cable, without RFI

TP1−cable, with RFI

Iljxuh <= Dfklhydeoh +;=4, dv|pphwulfdo grzqvwuhdp elw udwhv/ zlwk HWVL edfnjurxqgqrlvh prgho �D�/ 58 vhoi0IH[W/ dqg UIL0qrlvh1

Wdeoh 6= Fhqwhu iuhtxhqflhv iru wkh ; eurdgfdvw udglr lqwhuihuhuv dqg vljqdo vwuhqjwkdw wkh fxvwrphu vlgh1

Iuhtxhqf| +nK}, Vljqdo Srzhu +gEp,.��c Hf� �Sfbfbc bH�c �eDHc SfDfc .�Dfc bSDf �ef

8 Vxppdu|Eulh | vxppdul}hg/ ]lsshu lv d GPW0edvhg gxsoh{ phwkrg iru YGVO srvvhvvlqjwkuhh nh| ghvljq hohphqwv=

� Hdfk vxefduulhu lv xvhg lq hlwkhu xsvwuhdp ru grzqvwuhdp gluhfwlrq1

� D f|folf vx!{ lv dgghg wr frpshqvdwh iru sursdjdwlrq ghod| dqg wr hqvxuhruwkrjrqdolw| ehwzhhq xsvwuhdp dqg grzqvwuhdp vljqdov1

Wdeoh 7= Uhdfk iru gl�huhqw edfnjurxqg qrlvh vfhqdulrv1Elw udwhv+grzq=xs, Uhdfk lq phwhuv iru WS42WS5 0zluhv

+Pesv, DZJQ DGVO0pl{ HWVL HWVL.UIL

85=917 4932493 4432443 4632463 453245359=615 ;9324383 :932<33 :;32<73 :332;7346=419 466324963 439324643 43<324693 4363245;359=59 5:325:3 4;324;3 5332533 4<324<346=46 <6324463 ;332<:3 ;5324353 :832<63

6<

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Frequency (MHz)

SN

R (

dB)

SNR without RFISNR with RFI

Iljxuh 43= Vljqdo0wr0qrlvh udwlr rq d 933p +5333 iw, orqj WS50zluh zlwk dqg zlwkrxwUIL1

� Pdlqwdlqlqj vljqdo ruwkrjrqdolw| dovr uhtxluhv wkdw doo wkh wudqvplwwhuv duh v|q0fkurql}hg1

Wkh ]lsshu gxsoh{ phwkrg r�huv vhyhudo dwwudfwlyh ihdwxuhv1 G|qdplf vxefduulhudoorfdwlrq hqdeohv vlpsoh uxqwlph dgdswlrq ri wkh elw udwhv1 Wkh srvvlelolw| wr pdnh]lsshu vshfwudoo| frpsdwleoh zlwk rwkhu iuhtxhqf| glylghg v|vwhpv vxfk dv DGVOidflolwdwhv wkh frh{lvwhqfh ehwzhhq YGVO dqg DGVO1 Wkh odwhqf| lq ]lsshu ghshqgvpdlqo| rq wkh qxpehu ri vxefduulhuv dqg lv qrw yhu| odujh/ ohvv wkdq � 6r zlwk73<9 vxefduulhuv1 Wklv doorzv wkh xvh ri d odujh qxpehu ri vxefduulhuv zklfk jlyhvdgydqwdjhv lq whupv ri kljkhu gxsoh{ h!flhqf|/ b�( zlwk 537; vxefduulhuv1 D odujhuqxpehu ri vxefduulhuv dovr khosv vxssuhvv UIL lqjuhvv dqg rxw0ri0edqg hplvvlrq/ exwzloo ri frxuvh lqfuhdvh wkh frpsxwdwlrqdo frpsoh{lw| dqg uhtxluh pruh phpru|1

D ]lsshu edvhg YGVO v|vwhp lv olnho| wr uhtxluh pruh frpsoh{ kdugzduh wkdqv|vwhpv edvhg rq rwkhu gxsoh{ phwkrgv1 Iru h{dpsoh/ frpsduhg wr d wlph0glylghgGPW0v|vwhp/ ]lsshu uhtxluhv wzr IIW xqlwv vlqfh wudqvplvvlrq dqg uhfhswlrq wdnhsodfh vlpxowdqhrxvo|/ dqg wkh g|qdplf udqjh ri wkh DGF pd| qhhg wr eh odujhu1Rq wkh rwkhu kdqg/ ]lsshu fdq hdvlo| pdqdjh zlwkrxw d wlph0grpdlq htxdol}hu dvd vx!flhqwo| orqj f|folf suh�{ fdq eh xvhg zlwkrxw vljql�fdqw uhgxfwlrq lq gxsoh{h!flhqf|1

Zlwk vlpxodwlrqv zh vkrzhg wkdw ]lsshu jlyhv jrrg elw udwh shuirupdqfh/ hyhq lqfrh{lvwhqfh zlwk DGVO v|vwhpv1 Wkh ehvw shuirupdqfh lv rewdlqhg lq dq hqylurqphqwzlwk rqo| YGVO0v|vwhpv zklfk kdyh orzhu ohyho ri furvvwdon1 Wkh vlpxodwlrqv dovrvkrzhg wkdw d ]lsshu v|vwhp lv txlwh urexvw djdlqvw UIL1


Uhihuhqfhv


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^:` �YGVO Dooldqfh VGPWYGVO Gudiw Vwdqgdug Sursrvdo/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<;04:5/ DQVL/ Vdfudphqwr/ FD/ Mxqh 4<<;1

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^46` V10U1 Rorivvrq/ M1 Mrkdqvvrq/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ dqg O1 Rovvrq/ �V|qfkurql}lqj wkhRswlfdo Qhwzrun Xqlwv lq d YGVO V|vwhp Xvlqj JSV/� Whfk1 Uhs1 <:6w54/ HWVLWP9/ Odqqlrq/ Iudqfh/ Rfw1 4<<:1

74

^47` D1 Shohg dqg D1 Uxl}/ �Iuhtxhqf| grpdlq gdwd wudqvplvvlrq xvlqj uhgxfhg frp0sxwdwlrqdo frpsoh{lw| dojrulwkpv/� lq Surf1 LHHH Lqw1 Frqi1 Dfrxvw1/ Vshhfk/Vljqdo Surfhvvlqj/ +Ghqyhu/ FR,/ ss1 <97�<9:/ 4<;31

^48` Q1 Gdjghyluhq/ U1 Odurld/ U1 Jlwolq/ dqg V1 Fhohel/ �Kljk�Shuirupdqfh/ OrzFrpsoh{lw| Glvfuhwh Pxowl0Wrqh +GPW, DGVO V|vwhp/� Whfk1 Uhs1 WJ2<;0366/XDGVO/ Sohdvdqwrq/ FD/ Ihe1 4<<;1

^49` G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ Q1 Juls/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ O1 Rovvrq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ dqgK1 Ùkpdq/ �]lsshu shuirupdqfh zkhq pl{lqj DGVO dqg YGVO lq whupv ri uhdfkdqg fdsdflw|/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<:046;/ DQVL/ Fohduzdwhu Ehdfk/ Iorulgd/ Pd|4<<:1

^4:` O1 Rovvrq/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ G1 Ehqjwvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ I1 Vmùehuj/ J1 Ùnylvw/S1 Ùgolqj/ Q1 Juls/ K1 Ùkpdq/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ �Lq xhqfh ri wkh ]lsshuGxsoh{ Vfkhph rq wkh Uhfhlyhu G|qdplf Udqjh/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<:046</DQVL/ Fohduzdwhu Ehdfk/ Iorulgd/ Pd| 4<<:1

^4;` Q1 Do0Gkdklu dqg M1 P1 Flr!/ �Rswlpxp �qlwh0ohqjwk htxdol}dwlrq iru pxowlfdu0ulhu wudqvfhlyhuv/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 77/ ss1 89�97/ Mdq1 4<<91

^4<` �Udglr eurdgfdvwlqj v|vwhpv> Gljlwdo Dxglr Eurdgfdvwlqj +GDE, wr preloh/sruwdeoh dqg �{hg uhfhlyhuv/� HWV 633 734/ HWVL � Hxurshdq Whohfrppxql0fdwlrqv Vwdqgdugv Lqvwlwxwh/ Ydoerqqh/ Iudqfh/ Ihe1 4<<81

^53` �Gljlwdo eurdgfdvwlqj v|vwhpv iru whohylvlrq/ vrxqg dqg gdwd vhuylfhv/� suHWV633 :77/ HWVL � Hxurshdq Whohfrppxqlfdwlrqv Vwdqgdugv Lqvwlwxwh/ Vhsw1 4<<91

^54` S1 V1 Fkrz/ M1 P1 Flr!/ dqg M1 D1 F1 Elqjkdp/ �D sudfwlfdo glvfuhwh pxowl0wrqh wudqvfhlyhu ordglqj dojrulwkp iru gdwd wudqvplvvlrq ryhu vshfwudoo| vkdshgfkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 76/ ss1 ::6�::8/ Ihe1 4<<81

^55` J1 Iruqh| dqg P1 H|xerjox/ �Frpelqhg htxdol}dwlrq dqg frglqj xvlqj suhfrg0lqj/� LHHH Frppxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 5</ ss1 58�67/ Ghf1 4<<41

^56` M1 D1 Elqjkdp dqg P1 Pdooru|/ �UIL hjuhvv vxsuhvvlrq iru VGPW/� Whfk1 Uhs1W4H4172<903;8/ DQVL/ Frorudgr Vsulqjv/ FR/ Dsu1 4<<91

^57` S1 Vsux|w/ S1 Uhxvhqv/ dqg V1 Eudhw/ �Shuirupdqfh ri lpsuryhg GPW wudqvfhlyhuiru YGVO/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<90437/ DQVL/ Frorudgr Vsulqjv/ FR/ Dsu1 4<<91

^58` V1 G1 Vdqgehuj dqg P1 D1 W}dqqhv/ �Ryhuodsshg Glvfuhwh Pxowlwrqh Prgxodwlrqiru Kljk Vshhg Frsshu Zluh Frppxqlfdwlrqv/� LHHH M1 Vhohfw1 Duhdv Frppxq1/yro1 46/ ss1 48:4�48;8/ Ghf1 4<;81

^59` E1 Zlhvh dqg M1 Elqjkdp/ �Gljlwdo Udglr Iuhtxhqf| Fdqfhoodwlrq iru GPWYGVO/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<:0793/ DQVL/ Vdfudphqwr/ FD/ Ghf1 4<<:1


^5:` I1 Vmùehuj/ U1 Qlovvrq/ Q1 Juls/ S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ V1 N1 Zlovrq/ dqg S1 Ùgolqj/�Gljlwdo UIL vxsuhvvlrq lq GPW0edvhg YGVO v|vwhpv/� lq Surf1 Lqwhuq1 Frqi1rq Whohfrpp1 +LFW,/ yro1 5/ +Fkdonlglnl/ Juhhfh,/ ss1 4;<�4<6/ Mxqh 4<<;1

Sduw LL

Gljlwdo UIL Vxssuhvvlrq lqGPW0edvhg YGVO V|vwhpv

I1 Vmùehuj/ U1 Qlovvrq/ S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/ E1 Zlhvh/ dqg M1 Elqjkdp/ �Gljlwdo UILVxssuhvvlrq lq GPW0edvhg YGVO V|vwhpv/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ Mdq1 4<<<1 Vxeplwwhgwr1

Gljlwdo UIL Vxssuhvvlrq lqGPW0edvhg YGVO V|vwhpv

Devwudfw � Lq wklv sdshu zh sursrvh d qryho phwkrg iru vxssuhvvlqj UdglrIuhtxhqf| Lqwhuihuhqfh +UIL, lq Glvfuhwh Pxowlwrqh +GPW, edvhg Yhu| Kljkelw udwh Gljlwdo Vxevfulehu Olqh +YGVO, v|vwhpv1

Wkh phwkrg rshudwhv lq wkh iuhtxhqf| grpdlq ri d GPW0v|vwhp1 Iluvw zhghulyh d prgho ri krz dq xqnqrzq qduurzedqg UI0vljqdo lv pdsshg rqwr wkhGPW0fduulhuv1 Wkhq/ e| phdvxulqj wkh UIL rq d ihz xqxvhg GPW0fduulhuv zhduh deoh wr vxewudfw UIL0hvwlpdwhv iurp hyhu|prgxodwhg vxefduulhu1

Vlpxodwlrq uhvxowv vkrz wkdw wklv phwkrg/ dssolhg wr dq UIL0vljqdo zlwk wkhvdph dyhudjh srzhu dv wkh YGVO0vljqdo/ vxssuhvvhv wkh UIL zlwk 73083 gE/zklfk uhgxfhv wkh dyhudjh VQU0orvv iurp derxw 53 gE wr ohvv wkdq 316 gE1

Lqgh{ Whupv � YGVO/ GPW/ UIL/ Vxevfulehu orrsv1

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705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755-150

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10 kHz

-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

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-90

-80

-70

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705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

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DMT-tone number

0 kHz 3 kHz

5 kHz

10 kHz

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Distance from center of RFI to measurement tone

SN

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N=256, without windowingN=256, with windowingN=2048, without windowingN=2048, with windowing

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88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98DMT-tone number

+0

+1 +2+4

+4

+2

+1

-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

RFI-signal


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DMT-tone number

+0

+4

+8

+16

+16

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5 Uhylhz ri wkh ]lsshu gxsoh{ phwkrg

Wkh ]lsshu gxsoh{ phwkrg lv edvhg rq glvfuhwh pxowl0wrqh prgxodwlrq ^9`1 Fdsdflw|glylvlrq lv shuiruphg e| dvvljqlqj gl�huhqw GPW0vxefduulhuv wr gl�huhqw wudqvplvvlrqgluhfwlrqv/ dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh 41 Pdlqwdlqlqj vljqdo ruwkrjrqdolw| dw wkh uhfhlyhu hqguhtxluhv=

� D f|folf vx!{ wr frpshqvdwh iru sursdjdwlrq ghod| +dv vkrzq lq Iljxuh 5,1

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Downstream

Upstream

frequency

Iljxuh 4= Wkh ]lsshu sulqflsoh ri fdsdflw| glylvlrq1

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Desired signal

NEXT signal

+

Received signal

=

∆

t

CP CS

CP CS

∆+CP/fs ∆+(CP+2N)/fs

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9<

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Wkh frpelqhg h�hfw ri wkhvh wkuhh sduwv vxssuhvv wkh QH[W h�hfwlyho|1 Sxovh0vkdslqj dqg zlqgrzlqj dovr uhgxfhv wkh rxw0ri0edqg srzhu dqg udglr iuhtxhqf| lq0whuihuhqfh +UIL,/ uhvshfwlyho| ^;`1 Erwk sxovh0vkdslqj dqg zlqgrzlqj duh shuiruphglq vxfk zd| wkdw wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| ri wkh YGVO0vljqdov lv pdlqwdlqhg1

614 Jurxslqj fduulhuv

Lq v|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu wkhuh lv qrupdoo| qr uhvwulfwlrq lq zklfk gluhfwlrq wkh vxefdu0ulhuv fdq eh xvhg/ h1j1/ hyhq qxpehuhg vxefduulhuv fdq eh xvhg grzqvwuhdp dqg rggqxpehuhg vxefduulhuv fdq eh xvhg xsvwuhdp1 Exw/ li zh zdqw wr xvh ]lsshu dv|qfkur0qrxvo|/ zh kdyh wr jurxs wkh vxefduulhuv lq hdfk gluhfwlrq vr zh kdyh d ihz xsvwuhdpedqgv dqg d ihz grzqvwuhdp edqgv/ vhh Iljxuh 61 Wkh uhdvrq iru wklv lv wkdw wkhqrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W zloo eh vwurqjhvw lq edqg hgjhv ehwzhhq wkh xs0 dqg grzq0vwuhdp fduulhuv1 E| kdylqj rqo| d ihz wudqvlwlrqv ehwzhhq wkh xs0 dqg grzqvwuhdpwkh ohdndjh ri qrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W lv uhgxfhg1

Downstream

Upstream

frequency

Iljxuh 6= Vdpsoh vxefduulhu dvljqphqw iru dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu1

Zlwklq wkh YGVO iuhtxhqf| edqg wkhuh duh fhuwdlq iuhtxhqf| edqgv uhvhuyhg irudpdwhxu udglr xvhuv ^5`/ l1h1 KDP0edqgv1 Wr frpso| zlwk wkh uhjxodwlrqv iru xvdjhri wkhvh edqgv zh duh qrw doorzhg wr wudqvplw YGVO0vljqdov zlwklq wkhvh edqgv1 E|

:3 Sduw LLL= Dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu

kdylqj dq xsvwuhdp edqg rq rqh vlgh ri d KDP0edqg dqg d grzqvwuhdp edqg rqwkh rwkhu vlgh/ wkh jds ehwzhhq wkh wzr gluhfwlrqv dfwv dv d jxdug edqg ehwzhhq wkhwzr wudqvplvvlrq gluhfwlrqv1 Xvlqj wkh KDP0edqgv wr fkdqjh wudqvplvvlrq gluhfwlrquhgxfhv wkh qrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W1

615 Sxovh0vkdslqj lq wkh wudqvplwwhu

Sxovh vkdslqj lv riwhq xvhg wr vxssuhvv vlghorehv lq zluhohvv pxowlfduulhu prgxodwlrq1Iru uhfwdqjxodu sxovh0vkdshg GPW0v|perov wkhuh h{lvw glvfrqwlqxlwlhv lq wkh dqdorjwlph0vljqdo ehwzhhq dgmdfhqw GPW0v|perov zklfk uhvxowv lq kljk vshfwudo vlghorehv1Wkh vlghorehv fdq eh vxssuhvvhg e| xvlqj d qrq0uhfwdqjxodu sxovh0vkdsh1 Krzhyhu/fduh pxvw eh wdnhq wr nhhs wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| ehwzhhq wkh vxefduulhuv1

Rqh zd| wr pdlqwdlq wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| zkloh vxssuhvvlqj wkh vlghorehv lv wr lq0fuhdvh wkh ohqjwk ri wkh f|folf h{whqvlrqv ri wkh GPW0v|pero zlwkq vdpsohv rq hdfkvlgh ^<`/ vhh Iljxuh 71 Li rqo| wkhvh h{wud vdpsohv duh sxovh0vkdshg wkh ruljlqdo GPW0v|pero lv qrw d�hfwhg1 Wkh vkdsh ri wkh sxovh lv qrw fuxfldo/ dv orqj dv wkh sduw zklfkfruuhvsrqgv wr wkh ruljlqdo GPW0v|pero lv dw1 Lq rxu vlpxodwlrqv zh xvhg d udlvhgfrvlqh sxovh0vkdsh rq wkh h{wud q vdpsohv1 Iljxuh 8 vkrzv krz pxfk wkh vlghorehv rid GPW0vljqdo zlwk 537; vxefduulhuv duh vxssuhvvhg e| d udlvhg frvlqh zlqgrz zlwkq ' .f h{wud vdpsohv rq hdfk vlgh ri wkh GPW0v|pero1

Wkh 2q h{wud vdpsohv uhgxfhv wkh h�hfwlyh elw udwh ri wkh v|vwhp1 Wr plqlpl}hwkh elw0udwh uhgxfwlrq/ dgmdfhqw GPW0v|perov duh ryhuodsshg ryhu wkh sxovh0vkdshgzlqjv dqg dgghg ehiruh wudqvplvvlrq dv vnhwfkhg lq Iljxuh 71

CP CS

2N

β/2 β/2

Data

Iljxuh 7= Sxovh0vkdslqj wkh GPW0v|pero lq wkh W{ rq q vdpsohv dw hdfk hqg1 WkhFS dqg FV duh lqfuhdvhg lq ohqjwk dffruglqjo|1

616 Zlqgrzlqj lq wkh uhfhlyhu

Hyhq li wkh wudqvplwwhg vljqdo kdv orz vlghorehv/ wkh uhfhlyhu qrupdoo| xvhv d uhfwdq0jxodu zlqgrz zklfk zloo uhfuhdwh wkh kljk vlghorehv1 Vr/ zh qhhg wr dyrlg wklv dwwkh uhfhlyhu1 Dofdwho kdv sursrvhg d phwkrg wkdw xvhv d qrq0uhfwdqjxodu zlqgrz lqwkh uhfhlyhu ehiruh wkh IIW dqg suhvhuyhv wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| ri wkh GPW0vljqdo ^43`1Wklv phwkrg zdv suhvhqwhg dv d zd| wr uhgxfh UIL1 Krzhyhu lw fdq htxdoo| zhoo ehdssolhg wr uhgxfh wkh dprxqw ri QH[W wkdw ohdnv ryhu lqwr wkh ghvluhg vljqdo1

Dv zlwk wkh sxovh0vkdslqj wkh zlqgrzlqj uhtxluhv d qxpehu ri h{wud vdpsohv lqwkh f|folf h{whqvlrqv wr pdlqwdlq wkh ruwkrjrqdolw|1 Lq Iljxuh 9 >*2 h{wud vdpsohvduh dgghg dw hdfk vlgh ri wkh GPW0v|pero +dv f|folf h{whqvlrqv, exw wkh zlqgrzlqj

:4

0.50 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5-150

-140

-130

-120

-100

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

Frequency (MHz)

Sig

na

lp

ow

er

(dB

m/H

z)

without pulse shapingwith pulse shaping

Iljxuh 8= Rxw0ri0edqg srzhu ri wzr iuhtxhqf| edqg/ zlwk dqg zlwkrxw sxovh0vkdslqj1

µ µ

2N

Iljxuh 9= Zlqgrzlqj wkh uhfhlyhg GPW v|pero1

lv grqh rq > vdpsohv rq hdfk vlgh ri wkh GPW0v|pero/ vhh Iljxuh 91 Shuiruplqj d 2�srlqw GIW rq wkh 2� n > qxpehu ri vdpsohv zloo fuhdwh doldvlqj lq wkh wlph0grpdlqvlqfh zh xqghuvdpsoh lq wkh iuhtxhqf|0grpdlq1 Exw e| fkrrvlqj wkh zlqgrz fruuhfwo|wkh doldvlqj fdq uhfrqvwuxfw wkh GPW0v|pero vr zh gr qrw orrvh ruwkrjrqdolw|1 Wklvlv vlplodu wr wkh Q|tylvw0fulwhuld iru frppxqlfdwlrq zlwkrxw lqwhu0v|pero lqwhuihuhqfh^44`1 Wr gr wklv zh qhhg d v|pphwulfdo zlqgrz/ h1j1/ udlvhg frvlqh1

Lqvwhdg ri grlqj d frpsxwdwlrqdoo| frpsoh{ 2�0srlqw GIW rq wkh 2�n> vdpsohvzh fdq gr wkh doldvlqj rxuvhoi �uvw/ dqg wkhq xvh d 2� 0srlqw IWW rq wkh doldvhg 2�vdpsohv1 Grlqj wkh doldvlqj fruuhvsrqgv wr fxwwlqj wkh rxwhu sduw ri wkh zlqjv dqgdgglqj wkhp rqwr wkh lqqhu sduw ri wkh zlqjv dw wkh rssrvlwh vlgh ri wkh GPW0v|pero/ dv looxvwudwhg lq Iljxuh 91 Xvlqj wklv zlqgrzlqj whfkqltxh zh hqvxuh wkdwrwkhu vljqdov +UIL ru QH[W, gr qrw vsuhdg ryhu wkh vxefduulhuv vr pxfk dqg zhpdlqwdlq wkh ruwkrjrqdolw| ri wkh GPW0v|pero1

Iljxuh : vkrz wkh vxssuhvvlqj h�hfwv rq wkh qrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W e| wkh frp0elqhg sxovh0vkdslqj dqg zlqgrzlqj1 Wkh vxefduulhuv duh jurxshg lq jurxsv ri 533vxefduulhuv1


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

Sub-carrier index

Sig

nal p

ower

(dB

m/H

z)

VDSL-signal NEXT reference level FEXT NEXT without window & PSNEXT with window & PS

Iljxuh := Vxssuhvvlrq ri QH[W zlwk dqg zlwkrxw sxovh0vkdslqj dqg zlqgrzlqj1Hyhu| rwkhu 533 vxefduulhuv duh xvhg xsvwuhdp1

7 Vlpxodwlrq uhvxowvWr frpsduh dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu v|vwhpv zlwk v|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu v|vwhpv zh kdyhvlpxodwhg wkh elw udwh shuirupdqfh iru erwk w|sh ri v|vwhpv1

Vlqfh ]lsshu xvhv GPW0prgxodwlrq lw lv wkh elw0ordglqj ^45` wkdw ghwhuplqhv wkhelw udwh ri wkh v|vwhp1 Wkh qxpehu ri elwv wkdw duh ordghg rqwr fduulhu qxpehu & lvfdofxodwhg dv ^45`

K& ' *L}2

�7�-& � �SJ_eK � �6@o}�?

n �

�c +4,

zkhuh 7�-& lv wkh vljqdo0wr0qrlvh udwlr +VQU, rq fduulhu &/ �SJ_e lv wkh frglqj jdlq/K lv wkh VQU0jds4 ehwzhhq wkh Vkdqqrq fdsdflw| dqg TDP0prgxodwlrq ^46`/ dqg�6@o}�? lv wkh v|vwhp pdujlq1 E| vxpplqj wkh qxpehu ri elwv rq hdfk vxefduulhuzh jhw wkh fdsdflw| ri wkh v|vwhp1 Vlqfh zh duh qrw doorzhg wr wudqvplw zlwklq wkhKDP0edqg qr elwv duh ordghg rqwr wkh fduulhuv wkdw fruuhvsrqg wr wkhvh iuhtxhqflhv1

Dv qrlvh vrxufhv zh xvhg wkh HWVL edfnjurxqg qrlvh prgho ^5` dqg YGVO vhoi0IH[W dqg vhoi0QH[W iurp 58 rwkhu xvhuv1 Sdudphwhuv xvhg lq wkh fdofxodwlrq duholvwhg lq Wdeoh 41

Zh kdyh orrnhg dw erwk v|pphwulfdo elw udwhv/ zkhuh xs0 dqg grzqvwuhdp elwudwhv duh htxdo/ dqg wkh +;14, dv|pphwulfdo udwh/ zkhuh wkh grzqvwuhdp elw udwh lv; wlphv odujhu wkdq wkh xsvwuhdp1 Iru wkh +;=4, dv|pphwulfdo elw udwh zh xvhg wkhedqgv 5130519 PK} dqg :140:198 PK} iru wkh xsvwuhdp gluhfwlrq dqg wkh frpsohphqw

4Dq VQU0jds ri <1; gE ^46` lv xvhg wr dfklhyh d VHU ri dssur{lpdwho| 43�:1

:6

Wdeoh 4= Vlpxodwlrq sdudphwhuvQxpehu ri vxefduulhuv 2feHF|folf suh�{ ohqjwk �ff vdpsohvF|folf vx!{ ohqjwk 22f vdpsohv +pd{1,Zlqgrz ohqjwk > ' .f vdpsohvSxovh vkdslqj ohqjwk q ' �ef vdpsohvEdfnjurxqg qrlvh prgho HWVL �D�Qxpehu ri YGVO v|vwhpv 2DFdeoh w|sh WS4 +f�e pp >,Xvhg edqgzlgwk �ff nK} 0 �� PK}Wudqvplw SVG0ohyho 0Sf gEp2K}VQU0jds K ' b�H gEV|vwhp pdujlq �6@o}�? ' S gEFrglqj jdlq �SJ_e ' � gE

iru wkh grzqvwuhdp/ dowkrxjk wkh KDP edqgv zhuh qrw xvhg iru wudqvplvvlrq1 Lq wkhv|pphwulfdo fdvh wkh iuhtxhqf| edqgv 41940717 PK} dqg :1404314 PK} zhuh doorfdwhgiru wkh xsvwuhdp1 Wkhvh iuhtxhqf| edqgv zhuh xvhg lq erwk wkh v|qfkurqrxv dqgdv|qfkurqrxv fdvh1 Iru v|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu wkh f|folf vx!{ lv glphqvlrqhg iru dzluh ohqjwk ri 5333 phwhuv +553 vdpsohv, exw iru dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu wkh ohqjwk riwkh f|folf vx!fhv duh glphqvlrqhg lqglylgxdoo| iru hdfk zluh1

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Subcarrier index

SN

R(d

B)

Synchronous Zipper

Asynchronous Zipper

Iljxuh ;= VQU iru dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu frpsduhg wr v|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu iru dq +;=4,dv|pphwulfdo fdvh1 Wkh duurzv lqglfdwh wkh wudqvplvvlrq gluhfwlrq1

Iljxuh ; vkrzv wkh VQU iru wkh grzq0 dqg xsvwuhdp gluhfwlrqv iru wkh dv|pphw0ulfdo +;=4, udwh/ dqg Iljxuh < vkrzv wkh VQU iru wkh v|pphwulfdo udwh1 Wkhuh lv dvpdoo orvv lq VQU dw wkh hgjhv ri wkh wudqvplvvlrq edqgv1 Wklv lv gxh wr wkh qrq0


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Subcarrier index

SN

R(d

B)

Synchronous Zipper

Asynchronous Zipper

Iljxuh <= VQU iru dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu frpsduhg wr v|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu iru d +4=4,v|pphwulfdo fdvh1 Wkh duurzv lqglfdwh wkh wudqvplvvlrq gluhfwlrq1

ruwkrjrqdo QH[W wkdw dsshduv lq wkh dv|qfkurqrxv fdvh1 Wkh VQU0orvv lv vpdoohu dworz iuhtxhqflhv vlqfh wkhuh lv ohvv QH[W wkhuh1

Iljxuh 43 dqg Iljxuh 44 vkrz wkh elw udwh shuirupdqfh iru v|qfkurql}hg dqgxqv|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu iru wkh dv|pphwulfdo +;=4, udwh dqg wkh v|pphwulfdo udwh/uhvshfwlyho|1 Zh frqfoxgh wkdw wkh shuirupdqfh orvv lv plqru1 Dfwxdoo|/ wkhuh lvhyhq d shuirupdqfh jdlq iru vkruwhu zluhv1 Wklv lv ehfdxvh d vkruwhu f|folf vx!{ lvqhhghg rq wkh vkruwhu zluhv/ uhvxowlqj lq kljkhu gxsoh{ h!flhqf|1 Qrwh wkrxjk wkdwzh kdyh wdnhq wkh rssruwxqlw| wr fkdqjh wkh gluhfwlrq ri wudqvplvvlrq qhdu wkh KDPedqgv zkhq srvvleoh1 E| grlqj vr/ zh dyrlg vrph QH[W dqg jhw d �iuhh� fkdqjh rigluhfwlrq1 Wkh shuirupdqfh orvv frphv erwk iurp QH[W dqg wkh ghfuhdvh lq h!flhqf|gxh wr wkh ryhukhdg fdxvhg e| wkh sxovh0vkdslqj1 Qrwh dovr wkdw zh dvvxph wkdw wkhzlqgrzlqj zloo eh xvhg lq wkh v|qfkurqrxv fdvh dv zhoo wr khos vxssuhvv UIL1

8 Frqfoxvlrqv

Dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu lv dq dwwudfwlyh dowhuqdwlyh/ hvshfldoo| uhjduglqj YGVO0ghsor|phqwlvvxhv/ wr wkh ruljlqdoo| sursrvhg v|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu1 Lw lv hqdeohg e| sxovh vkdslqjdqg zlqgrzlqj wkh GPW0v|perov lq d ]lsshu0YGVO v|vwhp1 E| sxovh vkdslqj dqgzlqgrzlqj/ wkh qrq0ruwkrjrqdo QH[W gxh wr wkh dv|qfkurq| lv uhgxfhg1 Wklv uhvxowvlq d shuirupdqfh forvh wr wkh v|qfkurql}hg ]lsshu1

Zh vhh wzr lpphgldwh lpsolfdwlrqv ri wklv1 Li wkh v|qfkurql}dwlrq ehwzhhq wkhwudqvplwwhuv rq gl�huhqw sdluv lv orvw/ wkh shuirupdqfh klw lv vpdoo1 Dovr/ li dq rshudwruvr ghvluhv/ ]lsshu0YGVO fdq uxq dv|qfkurqrxvo|/ wkdw lv/ zlwk iudph0v|qfkurql}dwlrqrq d olqh0e|0olqh edvlv lqvwhdg ri rq d elqghu0e|0elqghu edvlv1 Qrwh dovr/ li wkh elqghu0

:8

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

10

20

30

40

50

60

length (m)

bit r

ate

(Mbp

s)

Synchronous ZipperAsynchronous Zipper

Iljxuh 43= Grzqvwuhdp elwudwh iru v|qfkurql}hg dqg dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu/ dv|pphw0ulfdo grzq2xs +;=4, udwh1

jurxs iudph0v|qfkurql}dwlrq lv rplwwhg/ rwkhu ]lsshu0sdudphwhuv/ vxfk dv wkh IIW0vl}h dqg vdpsolqj udwh/ fdq wkhq dovr eh fkrvhq lqghshqghqwo| iurp olqh wr olqh1

Xvlqj dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu zlwk rqo| d ihz edqgv lq hdfk wudqvplvvlrq gluhfwlrqlv d olwwoh elw olnh wudglwlrqdo IGG1 Wkh gl�huhqfh lv wkdw zlwk ]lsshu lw lv yhu| hdv|wr fkdqjh wkh srvlwlrq dqg zlgwk ri wkh edqgv +fkdqjh wkh vxefduulhu doorfdwlrq,/ l1h1/pruh h{leoh IGG1

Rwkhu dgydqwdjhv ri wkh frpelqhg sxovh vkdslqj dqg zlqgrzlqj duh= uhgxfhgrxw0ri0edqg srzhu> UIL0lqjuhvv uhgxfwlrq> dqg hqkdqfhg vshfwudo frpsdwlelolw| zlwkrwkhu v|vwhpv vxfk dv DGVO1

Uhihuhqfhv


^5` �Wudqvplvvlrq dqg Pxowlsoh{lqj +WP,> Dffhvv wudqvplvvlrq v|vwhpv rq phwdo0olf fdeohv> Yhu| kljk vshhg Gljlwdo Vxevfulehu Olqh +YGVO,> Sduw4= Ixqfwlrqdouhtxluhphqwv/� Whfkqlfdo Vshfl�fdwlrq WV 434 5:3�4 Y41414 +4<<;037,/ HWVL/4<<;1

^6` I1 Vmùehuj/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ S1 Ghxwjhq/ U1 Qlovvrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/�Shuirupdqfh hydoxdwlrq ri wkh }lsshu gxsoh{ phwkrg/� lq Surf1 Lqwhuq1 Frqi1Frppxq1/ +Dwodqwd/ Jhrujld,/ ss1 4368�436</ Mxqh 4<<;1


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

length (m)

bit r

ate

(Mbp

s)

Synchronous Zipper Asynchronous Zipper

Iljxuh 44= Elwudwh iru v|qfkurql}hg dqg dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu/ v|pphwulfdo grzq2xs+4=4, udwh1

^7` I1 Vmùehuj/ P1 Lvdnvvrq/ U1 Qlovvrq/ S1 Ùgolqj/ V1 N1 Zlovrq/ dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/�]lsshu � d gxsoh{ phwkrg iru YGVO edvh rq GPW/� vxeplwwhg wr LHHH Wudqv1Frppxq1/ 4<<;1



^:` D1 Shohg dqg D1 Uxl}/ �Iuhtxhqf| grpdlq gdwd wudqvplvvlrq xvlqj uhgxfhg frp0sxwdwlrqdo frpsoh{lw| dojrulwkpv/� lq Surf1 LHHH Lqw1 Frqi1 Dfrxvw1/ Vshhfk/Vljqdo Surfhvvlqj/ +Ghqyhu/ FR,/ ss1 <97�<9:/ 4<;31

^;` E1Zlhvh dqg M1 Elqjkdp/ �Gljlwdo udglr iuhtxhqf| fdqfhoodwlrq iru GPWYGVO/�Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<:0793/ DQVL/ Vdfudphqwr/ FD/ Ghf1 4<<:1

^<` D1 Ydkolq dqg Q1 Krowh/ �Rswlpdo �qlwh gxudwlrq sxovhv iru RIGP/� LHHHWudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 77/ ss1 43�47/ Mdq1 4<<91

^43` S1 Vsux|w/ S1 Uhxvhqv/ dqg V1 Eudhw/ �Shuirupdqfh ri lpsuryhg GPW wudqvfhlyhuiru YGVO/� Whfk1 Uhs1 W4H4172<90437/ DQVL/ Frorudgr Vsulqjv/ FR/ Dsu1 4<<91


^45` S1 V1 Fkrz/ M1 P1 Flr!/ dqg M1 D1 F1 Elqjkdp/ �D sudfwlfdo glvfuhwh pxowl0wrqh wudqvfhlyhu ordglqj dojrulwkp iru gdwd wudqvplvvlrq ryhu vshfwudoo| vkdshgfkdqqhov/� LHHH Wudqv1 Frppxq1/ yro1 76/ ss1 ::6�::8/ Ihe1 4<<81

::

^46` J1 Iruqh| dqg P1 H|xerjox/ �Frpelqhg htxdol}dwlrq dqg frglqj xvlqj suhfrg0lqj/� LHHH Frppxq1 Pdj1/ yro1 5</ ss1 58�67/ Ghf1 4<<41

:; Sduw LLL= Dv|qfkurqrxv ]lsshu

Sduw LY

Dq Dqdo|vlv ri Wzr0GlphqvlrqdoSlorw0V|pero Dvvlvwhg Prgxodwlrqiru RIGP

Wklv sduw kdv ehhq sxeolvkhg dvU1 Qlovvrq/ R1 Hgiruv/ P1 Vdqghoo dqg S1 R1 Eùumhvvrq/ �Dq Dqdo|vlv ri Wzr0GlphqvlrqdoSlorw0V|pero Dvvlvwhg Prgxodwlrq iru RIGP/� lq Surf1 LHHH Lqwhuq1 Frqi1 rq ShuvrqdoZluhohvv Frppxqlfdwlrqv/ +Erped|/ Lqgld,/ ss1 :40:7/ Ghf1 4<<:1

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digital communication in wireline and wireless environments990332/fulltext01.pdf · rickard nilsson...

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