digital era - disability and access

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her

crafting innovation together

Inventing new solutions for assisting access for Inventing new solutions for assisting access for missing or lost abilitymissing or lost ability- A view in Digital Era- A view in Digital Era

[email protected]

www.crafitti.com 23 April 2011- Bangalore

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


The MHRD Chair on Intellectual property RightsNational Law School of India University

Bangalore

May 1, 2023 2© Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

Presents A Seminar on

Disability and copyright: Dimensions and prospect in Digital era

On 23rd April 2011

THANK YOU

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


EXPECTATIONS SETTING ……..

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



• Homo Habilis Age 2,000,000 yrs ago• Homo Sapiens Age 100,000 yrs• Tribal/Cro-Magnon Age 40,000 yrs• Agricultural Age 7,000 yrs• Empires Age 2,500 yrs• Scientific Age 380 yrs (1500-1770)• Industrial Age 180 yrs (1770-1950)• Information Age 70 yrs (1950-2020)• Symbiotic Age 30 yrs (2020-2050)• Autonomy Age 10 yrs (2050-2060)• Tech Singularity ≈ 2060

What is this digital ERA! ~ Information Age if you may!

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her

crafting innovation togetherHerbert SimonHerbert Simon


Our essential task is Our essential task is

simply to keep open simply to keep open

the options for the the options for the

future or perhaps future or perhaps

even to broaden even to broaden

them a bit by them a bit by

creating new variety creating new variety

and new nichesand new niches

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



Year 2011 :::::Year 2011 :::::

FUTURE is not about big FUTURE is not about big

opportunity in the opportunity in the

environment, but dealing environment, but dealing

with environment of with environment of

opportunitiesopportunities

The world is divided into two

clear regions – The Connected The Connected

Versus Not ConnectedNot Connected

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



3D Picture of splashing milk

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



The Singaporean designer Fung Kwok Pan has managed to capture the flow of water in solid form, and the results are stunning.

http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662020/eye-candy-solid-vase-is-a-3-d-pic-of-splashing-milk



Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


http://www.joe-ks.com/archives_feb2006/BirdFluFlight.htm

Humanity needs to bring access to ALL – Partially/Differently/Dis abled

Solutions/Ideas needed to connect the unconnected

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


We Really Don’t Know much about Software Inventions and Innovations

• Software is perceived to be something different than the physical material products, systems and things that we use.

• Yet it is by far the most important ingredient of our daily life today. The innovations and inventions in the field of software have been the turning points in our social, personal and professional lives. These innovations have transformed our world in multiple ways than many of us would even comprehend.


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


WHAT IS SOFTWARE ….


Software has been defined as (1) instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired function and performance, (2) data structures that enable the programs to adequately manipulate information, and (3) documents that describe the operation and use of programs.

Software has considerably different characteristics than those of hardwareSoftware has considerably different characteristics than those of hardware

•Software is developed or engineered; it is not manufactured in the classical sense•Software doesn’t “wear-out”•Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled from existing components (That may be changing to some extent now …

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


Why Software is Different …


http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1036/957

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


Brooks – in Mythical Man-month

• Brooks describes the essence of software entity as a construct of interlocking concepts: data sets, relationships among data items, algorithms and invocation of functions. Since this construct is abstract – in the sense that conceptual construct remains same under different representations, it is difficult to build. According to Brookes’ this irreducible essence of modern software systems: complexity, conformity, changeability and invisibility make it inherently difficult to build.


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


Abstract Model of SOFTWARE

• Software at the generic level is about data – processing, communication and representation. The output of data processing leads to information on which further three operations can be performed, i.e., processing, communication and representation. We can represent this fact as below - Processing, communication and storage/representation of data, information and knowledge can be defined as the software technology at the abstract level.


DATA

Processing

Representation/ Storage INFORMATION

KNOWLEDGE Processing

Communication

Fig. 5.1 Software technology in the abstract form

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


Enabling – Access!

As the premier manufacturer of tactile devices, Armor-Tile (www.armor-tile.com) developed a system whereby the sound of the long cane is actually amplified as an additional warning for the visually impaired. The Cast-in-Place tiles utilize sound plates underneath them, to create a void. The void makes the tapping or sweeping of the cane produce a distinct audible warning. Armor-Tiles also utilize state-of-the-art pigments to make them resistant to fading in ultraviolet light. This is an important innovation as well, so that the tiles stay the intended, vivid color. After all, not all visually disabled people are blind. Many simply have limited vision or loss of color perception. Armor-Tile tactile tiles for visually impaired individuals makes a great deal of sense.


http://www.armor-tile.com/

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


Providing access to Providing access to InformationInformation to human minds to human minds is essential for the growth of Humanityis essential for the growth of Humanity

• blindness, deafness and loss of one sense doesn’t mean need for less information to the MIND! The Human mind is adaptable and robust and with little help – it can potentially create more.


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



A Patent – describes the technical problems much A Patent – describes the technical problems much better than the invention that it wants to protect!!better than the invention that it wants to protect!!

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



~ 3% of world’s population is visually ~ 3% of world’s population is visually impaired impaired

~ legally blind: 20/200 or less/ Visual ~ legally blind: 20/200 or less/ Visual field of 20 degrees or lessfield of 20 degrees or less

~ Age related Visual impairment will ~ Age related Visual impairment will continue to risecontinue to rise

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


Visually impaired engineers and engineering students


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


• The One-Way techniques– Picture in a Flash– Raised-line drawing– Toasting

• No way the student can manipulate those images directly – Just for his/her interpretation


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



• Screen Reading Software

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



• Tactile representations

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her



• Combination of screen reading programs, non-visual cues and tactile representation of GUI objects

Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


The NEXT – in providing software access to visually impaired

• Sight, Touch and Hearing are available out of the three predominant senses used by human to communicate with information sources (codified information). Taste and Smell are used to receive sensory inputs – more related to feelings

• Our interfaces specifically with artificial systems (such as machines and information/entertainment content provisioning have been through Visual, Audio and Physical touch means)

• In the absence/reduction of any one of these three key senses – Information access to humans is reduced considerably. Out of all the three – Sight loss/reduction is most significant.

• Most of the methods used to provide information have been to adapt/adopt existing interfaces by increasing hearing and touch considerably.

• The next future that we should strive for is that even if one of the three senses is available – we should be able to operate the system and get information access!


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


The questions?

• What are the implications for creating the NEXTWhat are the implications for creating the NEXT– SocietySociety– Legal systems (Law)Legal systems (Law)– EcologyEcology– PoliticalPolitical– Human ValuesHuman Values– Technology!!Technology!!


Confidential

craf

ting

inno

vati

on t

oget

her


41

Thank You!We look forward to active collaboration!

[email protected]+91 990276661

www.crafitti.com