digital, hybrid & virtual libraries muhammad ajmal khan
TRANSCRIPT
Digital,
Hybrid &
Virtual
Libraries
Muhammad Ajmal Khan
1. What is Library2. Definitions3. History4. Classification5. Principles6. Characteristics7. Myths8. Challenges9. Conclusion
Outline
What is Library
Collection of books, documents, newspapers, audio visual materials kept and organized for people to read or borrow.
Characteristics
1.Collection of data objects
2.Collection of Metadata Structures
3.Collection of Services
4.Domain Focus
5.Quality Control
6.Preservation
Definitions
Digital LibraryCollection of electronic resources that provides direct/indirect access to a systematically organized collection of digital objects.
Hybrid LibraryProvides services in a mixed-mode, electronic and paper, environment, particularly in a co-coordinated way. Derived from a strand of eLib which explored the issues surrounding the retrieval and delivery of information in these types of environment but also investigated the integration of different electronic services so that single search approach could be offered to the End user.
Virtual LibraryAccess to electronic information in a variety of remote locations through a local online catalogue or other gateway, such as the internet
History
Vennever Bush’s Memx Machine, 1945
Invention of Internet 1983
World Wide Web by Tim Berners Lee, 1989
Digital Library Initiative I 1992-1998
Digital Library Initiative II ( 1999-2002)
International Perspective
History
Karachi Institute of Information Technology
Digital Library, 2002
United Nations Digital Library, 2003
Iqbal Urdu Cyber Library, 2003
Higher Education Commission Digital Library
PakLAG Digital Library Model, 2005
Pakistani Perspective
Memex by Vennever Bush
United Nations Digital Library
Characteristics of Digital Library
1. Universal and unlimited access
2. Contents will be in digital format which can be utilized only with the help of computer
3. Contents in textual, image, sound and video form
4. Collection to connection
Principles of Digital Library Development
1. Expect Change
2. Know your contents
3. Involve the right people
4. Design usable systems
5. Ensure open access
6. Be(a)ware of data rights
7. Automate whenever possible
8. Adopt and adhere to standards
9. Ensure quality
10. Be concerned about persistence
Components of Digital Library
Types of Digital Libraries
1. Stand-alone Digital Library (SDL)
2. Federated Digital Library (FDL)
3. Harvested Digital Library (HDL)
This is the regular classical library implemented in a fully computerized fashion. SDL is simply a library in which the holdings are digital (scanned or digitized). The SDL is self-contained - the material is localized and centralized.
Stand-alone Digital Library (SDL)
The ACM Digital Library
IEEE Computer Society DL
This is a federation of several independent SDLs in the network, organized around a common theme, and coupled together on the network. A FDL composes several autonomous SDLs that form a networked library with a transparent user interface. The different SDLs are heterogeneous and are connected via communication networks.
Federated Digital Library (FDL)
Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertation
SCOPUS
ELIN
Knowledge Cite Library
Database Advisor
OCLS’ FirstSearch
Bibliographic Navigation Tools for Digital Libraries
This is a virtual library providing summarized access to related material scattered over the network. . Examples of HDLs are the Internet Public Library (IPL)
1. A HDL holds only metadata with pointers to the holdings that are "one click away" in Cyberspace.
2. Developed by Library Professionals, or Computer Scientists
Harvested Digital Library (HDL)
Four Corner Stones of Digital Library
Communication technologiesCommunity
ContentComputer
Community
1. Library Professionals
2. Library Users
3. IT Professionals
4. Vendors
Communication Technologies
Communication Networks
Web Servers, Bandwidth, Local Area Network, Internet and software
Network standards
1. The Digital Object Identifier; http://www.doi.org/
2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP); http://www.w3.org/Protocols/
3. Persistent URL Home Page; http://purl.oclc.org/
4. Z39.50; http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/
Contents
Images
.BMP .TIF .GIF .PNG .WMF .PICT .PCD .EPS .EMF .CGM .TGA .JPG
Animation
.ANI .FLI .FLC
Video
.AVI .MOV .MPG .QT
Audio
.WAV .MID .SND .AUD .mp3
Web Page
.HTM .HTML .DHTML .HTMLS .XML
Text
.DOC .TXT .RTF .PDF
Programs
.COM .EXE
Contents
Contents
Markup standards
1. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML);
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/
2. Extensible Markup Language (XML);
http://www.w3.org/XML/
3. Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML);
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/
1. Dublin Core; http://dublincore.org/
2. MARC 21; http://Icweb.loc.gov/marc/
3. Encoded Archival Description (EAD); http://Icweb.loc.gov/ead/
Metadata standards
Contents
Computer
Personal Computer
Server Machines
Digital Library
Conceptual Models
PakLAG Digital Library Model
Relational Database(MySQL) Stores Metadata
Web Browser (IE, Netscape etc.)
Web Server (Tomcat)/ Digital Object Repository
User User
Myths
1. The internet is the digital library
2. Fully automated library is digital library
3. The myth of a single digital library or one-window view of digital library collections
4. Digital libraries will provide more equitable access, anywhere, any time
5. Digital libraries will be cheaper than print libraries
Challenges
1. Interoperability Technical, process, language, ( Different platforms
etc)
2. Building digital collections
2.a Digitization
2.b Acquisition of original digital works
2.c Access to external materials
3. Metadata
4. Naming, identifiers, and persistence
4.a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
4.b Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL)
4.c Uniform Resource Name (URN)
4.d Digital Object Identifier
5. Copyright / rights management 5.a Usage tracking5.b Identifying and authenticating users5.c Providing the copyright status of each
digital object, and the restrictions on its use or the fees associated with it
6. Preservation
6.a Preservation of the storage medium6.b Preservation of access to content
Challenges
Conclusion
The concepts of Digital and Virtual libraries are actually
services added to the traditional libraries wherein the
resources which can only be utilized with computers.
We hope digital libraries will coexist with traditional libraries
whether within them or as separate entities. However the role
of professionals will be drastically changed in digital
environment.
Digital libraries have customers instead of users and provide
pull and push information delivery methods.