digital immigrants digital natives & the information age

© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

Digital Immigrants Digital Natives

&The Information Age

Fred Stein and Many [email protected]

Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.


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Digital Immigrants Dilemma

Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution

Unlimited.

jSeems to Happen all the time to meNew Cameras, New Software, New Ideas


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The Digital Native is Born – 1980 - 1985They are on the Front Line 23 to 28

1969ARPANET

is born1990

CERN researcherconceives the “web”

1994 Shopping

malls arrive on the net;

secure cybercash

2001 10,000-player online video games

Enters Middle School;

Uses AOL for homework

1996

HS Grad Gifts:

iPod andCamera

Phone 2003

Enters HSShares MP3s

on Napster2000

Taught LOGO in

Elementary school1994

10 yr after 1st Consumer Computer

1985

1999 Web 1.0

“Dot Com”;Yahoo

2007Web 2.0

FacebookOne Laptop

per Child

1985 Windows

1.0

Started online

banking&

Bill pay2003

Web is primary

source of news2000

Second Job;

Joined Match.com2004

2004MySpaceWikipedia

1996DSL and

Cable modems;

eBay

YouTube;Switched

toGoogleMaps2006

Fourth Job; GPS

in car,HD TV,

Xbox 3602007

2002 Internet exceeds

170 million hosts

2004Second Browser

Wars

3rd Generation Video gamesSuper Mario

4th Generation Video gamesEverquest

6th Generation Video gamesHalo 3

5th Generation Video gamesGrand Theft Auto

Jay Crossler MITRE &Lee Rainie, Pew Internet & American Life Project


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Pacing Ideas – Exploiting Information Age

Openness – Make boundaries Porous – “IP” must be shared Peering – Allow Self Organization – Social networking /

Social Bookmarks Sharing – Allow Encourage Peer to peer exchanges -

Establish Incentives - Reduce Disincentives Act Globally – Exploit Locally – Use the Information Domain Create and Exploit COIs Participatory Structure for Networks – Manage and

Fight Networks MUST BE ABLE TO SEE THEM Understand Evolving Technologies and Look to Incorporate

them - Make Advanced Technology work with Low Tech –

Can we make Web Two tech work in the Military ? Contribution Increase when all can see Higher Goals “ Why

Generation” Communications is SOCIAL – People still rule


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Global Trends

Success = Scale Top Down – Centralized Traditional Hierarchy

Organization Information Hoarding Local Awareness Arms Length Relationships

Success = Scale and Complexity

Empowering the “Edges” Hybrid Organization Information Sharing Shared Awareness Collaboration &

Synchronization

Industrial AgeIndustrial Age Information AgeInformation Age

• New Behaviors• New Relationships• New Competencies • New Technologies


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Phone CameraRight FormatNetworked

Phone CameraRight FormatNetworked

Film CameraWrong FormatNot Networked

Film CameraWrong FormatNot Networked

Digital CameraRight Format Not Networked

Digital CameraRight Format Not Networked

Or it is a Personnel TrainerVideo receiverAudio storehousePersonnel locatorParental Oversight??More….

© 2007 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reservedCase # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution

Unlimited.

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Industrial Age to the Information Age Characterized by

Orders of Magnitude more Interfaces (technically) – More machines talk to more machines, more data bases to more data bases

Orders of Magnitude more people “talk” to more and

different people, more informal organizations are formed both within and between traditional organizations – its all about Interconnectivity

All of these changes are taking place an environment of

Connectivity - Machine Transformation

Connectiveness – Peering – Contributing not just retrieving

In less than one decade

Industrial Age Information Age

Increasing Velocity of Change

Machines – ConnectivityPeople – Connectiveness

Connectiveness - Collaboration

Machines – ConnectivityPeople – Connectiveness

Connectiveness - Collaboration


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Theme I: The Digital Divide

Old World New Cyber World

VTC

Email

Cell PhoneVoice

Powerpoint

Chat/Instant Messaging

BLOG

SharedApplication

ipod

Smart PhoneGaming

Since 1999 ….

Digital Immigrants

More than a cultural phenomenon

• Impacts Operations becomes

Surrogate C2

• Intelligence collection/distribution


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The Emerging Theory of War

The New Reference Material

Old Web is a NewspaperRead by Digital Immigrants > 26 yr oldNew Web is a Coffee Shop < 25 yr old

Globalization and Electrons vs AtomsKiller Apps – Spreadsheet – PC

Router – Internet oneBrowser – Web one

Wireless – Internet twoWIKI etc Web two

Next?


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Formation of Communities or Interest (COI)

RSS News Feed

Culture of Sharing! SO WHAT AGAIN?Culture of Sharing! SO WHAT AGAIN?

Old ones now connectedNew ones formed SO WHAT What effect on

Staff Functions?Organization?C2?

Water Cooler / Virtual Water Cooler Key to Reach back? Do you IM?What is Social Bookmarking ?


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Digital ImmigrantsDigital Immigrants

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The Digital Immigrant – Digital Native

Totally wired…..Totally wired…..……totally digitaltotally digital

……able to multi-task…able to multi-task………totally mobile (data, video, voice)totally mobile (data, video, voice)

...doesn’t know what “LP” or “vinyl” ...doesn’t know what “LP” or “vinyl” meansmeans

Wireless Wireless handheld handheld computercomputerwith mapswith maps

Portable Portable MP3 MP3

PlayerPlayerConnecteConnected to the d to the

Web Web

Struggling Struggling with the with the

concept of e-concept of e-mail vs mail vs

“snail” mail“snail” mailIs clueless Is clueless

about WIKIsabout WIKIsand and

Why Blog?Why Blog?

WirelessWirelessPicture Picture

TV phonesTV phonesInstant Instant

ConnectivityConnectivity

Where are you on the digital immigrant to native continuum?Where are you on the digital immigrant to native continuum?

Why do DN like Social Networks? Why do DN use Social Bookmarks ?

• Uses Uses Mashups to Mashups to customize his customize his information information

• Uses “Pipes “Uses “Pipes “ to customize to customize applicationsapplications. Uses RSS to . Uses RSS to

make the web make the web personnelpersonnel

Wireless phoneWireless phoneThat are That are

becoming becoming the computerthe computerEmail, WebEmail, Web

IM . Video etcIM . Video etc

Digital Native

Assumes and Demands “Connectiveness”Is Comfortable with and Demands

Mobile Social Software


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Digital Citizenship Test1. Can you read this? “kdz n colleG? ms em? U2 cn lrn txtN”

2. Do you (not your kids or grandkids) own an ipod?

3. Have you tried out a Wii? What game to you like the best?

4. Do you use a smart phone (ie, email, video, photos …)?

5. Do you IM? Do you Blog? What do you learn from it?

6. Do you know who “Lonely Girl 15” is?

7. Can you name 3 popular ways to watch TV shows without a TV?

8. Have you ever WiFi’d in Starbucks?

9. Do you know the importance of “mashup” sites? Have you competed in a Mash Up competition?

10.What does MID mean?

11. What is more collaborative Sharepoint or Wiki and what is the difference?

0-1 2-7 11-12

Fossils

ImmigrantNative

8-10

Naturalized

Citizen


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Leadership : Digital Natives and Immigrants

Senior Leaders …. “digital immigrants” Junior Leaders …. “ digital natives” Digital immigrants are making strategic decisions on technology Digital Natives are changing the nature of our wars The global insurgency is leveraging digital technologies

CERTIFICATE OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

Need to

Need to achieve

achieve digital digital

citizenship!

citizenship!THEN WHAT

THEN WHAT HOW DO WE

HOW DO WE EXPLOIT

EXPLOIT ITIT

Need to Empower the Natives


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Transformation What impact does this have on Warfare?

Some missions remain the same but face new challenges – Ground Superiority – SA and BFT – Logistical support – SA – ISR – New missions F22 / F35

Some missions are becoming more important– Information Operations

Public Affairs Civil Affairs

Some are new missions– Network security– Cyber security – Network attack– Cyber attack

Electromagnetic Spectrum EM Ops

Electronic Systems Cross Domain Ops

NetworksNet ops

CyberSpace

OffensiveDefensive

Infrastructure

OffensiveDefensive

Infrastructure

All missions are taking place in both the Physical and

Cyber Domain

All missions are taking place in both the Physical and

Cyber Domain


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Changing Tactical Environment

The target set that leads to victory has enlarged – Now both Kinetic, Non Kinetic / Cyber

New target sets – now include homeland infrastructure – Finance– Power, etc

Much shorter “order to execute loop” – Shorter due to information– Shorter due to type of weapon --- cyber

Command and Control has changed– Commanders “see” more – may be good or bad– Commanders may be executors - Cyber

The capacity to communicate has exploded New COP – Maybe UCOP / Demassifcation of Information What

is the COP now ? Both sides are using the “net” – Both Sides have are becoming

part of the “Net Generation / Digital babies…”

Physical Domain NOW Tied to Cyber Domain Tied to Virtual Domain

What impacts on C2 and C2 +( Command & Control

Collaboration and Coordination)

Physical Domain NOW Tied to Cyber Domain Tied to Virtual Domain

What impacts on C2 and C2 +( Command & Control

Collaboration and Coordination)


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2007 UDOP What is it? Who controls it?Who Inputs to it?

Mustafa SadrMoamal Al SadrHussein Al MalikiKaiser Al ShwailiMohammed Sadiq Al DarrajiAli Al Kaby

3 HOURS ON/ 3 HOURS OFF2 HOURS ON/ 4 HOURS OFF

RAW SEWAGE

Enemy Activity

Power Distribution

Sadri City Example

Sewage

Digital Native wants to contribute to the COP – not

just use it.

Are we providing the tools?

Digital Native wants to contribute to the COP – not

just use it.

Are we providing the tools?

What Impact on C2C2 +

IntelligenceDoctrineTraining


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Data / Information WEB

Our OpponentsOur Opponents UsUs

Word of Mouth, Cell, EmailChat, IM ….

Internet Intranet NIPR / SIPR JWICS

Formal staffing, Email

Loose OrganizationsVery Agile

Larger - Formal Less Flexible

What are the Organizational StructuresSupport Net Enabled Warfare

Spider No head - Regenerates Single Head - Dies

(Brafman and Besckstron) Vs.Starfish

Movement to hybrid organization responsive to full spectrum combat

Movement to hybrid organization responsive to full spectrum combat

SpiderFish


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X

X

443 CA (-)

XX

20

1-82

115

3-82

15

1-5 2-5

1-153

1-206

3-153

L

II

ING

2-82

(-)L

II

ING

2-227

X

4

615

1-227 (+) 353

E

612

E

SDD

E

DISCOM

X

27 (-)

1-161

L

II

ING

305

306

L

II

ING

302

301

L

x

ING

402

X (-)X

1 X

1-303

Base Defense

EOD

312 MI (-) 13 (-)

545 MP

I307

COM CAM

MPAD

15 PS (-) 15 FIN (-)

91

2-12 (+)

1-141

X103

X

256

2-156

1-156

3-156

199

1088

E

3-325

Task Organization

12 US Brigade-sized elements62 US Battalions322 US Companies3 Iraqi Brigades11 Iraqi Battalions58 Iraqi Companies

X 75 (-)

L

x

ING

41

L

4-5

L

II

ING

303

2 10

2-14

4-31

2-15

1-41

(+)

210

1-69

(-)

L

II

AL AMARA

BAGHDAD DEFENDERS

1-9

215

3-8

1-8

2-7 1-21

8

(-)

515PROV

(-)

1-7

(-)

L

II

ING

(-)

39

L

II

ING

2-162

(+)

X

3 X

5

307304

112 MP(-)

TACON

39

(+)

X

304

II

2-24

IIFL

II

3042

POBII

2/2

(-)

GS

(-)

1-12

2-8 411

E

• • (-)

Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.


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What is the Agility Scale -- How do we Engineer and Design to Allow it

Where are you on the scale?

How agile are your systems ?

What are your feedback loops ?


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Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain

Cycle

Conveyed Commander’s Intent

Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage

Position Advantage


Position Advantage

Information DomainInformation AdvantageInformation DomainInformation Advantage

Cognitive DomainCognitive Advantage


Precision Force

Precision Force

Compressed Operations


Shared Awareness

Shared Awareness

Speed and Access

NetworkCentric

Operations

Social DomainCultural Awareness


Our Environment -- Our Challenges


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Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain

Cycle

Conveyed Commander’s Intent


Position Advantage


Position Advantage

Information DomainInformation AdvantageInformation DomainInformation Advantage



Precision Force

Precision Force



Shared Awareness

Shared Awareness

Speed and Access

NetworkCentric

Operations



Our Environment -- Our Challenges Our Reality - Combat Server in Fallujah


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Questions“Soldiers can go Weeks without food, Days without

Water, but only Minutes without Data”

No Warrior Fights Alone

digital immigrants digital natives & the information age

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