digital visitors and residents
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Digital Visitors and ResidentsDr. Lynn Silipigni ConnawayOCLC Research
Dr. Agustí Canals
Dr. Eva Ortoll
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
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Our traditional model was one in which we thought of the user in the life of the library
… but we are now increasingly thinking about the library in the life of the user
(Connaway 2015)(Dempsey 2015)
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About Digital Visitors and Residents
o Identify how individuals engage o How they acquire their informationo Why they make their choices
(White, Connaway, Lanclos, Hood, and Vass 2014)
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V&R Framework
(White and Le Cornu 2011)
#vandrVisitors and Residents resources http://goo.gl/vxUMRD
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Data Collection Tools for US & UK V&R Project
o 4 Project Phaseso Semi-structured interviewso Diaries/monthly semi-
structured interviewso Writteno Videoo Skype or telephone
o Second group of semi-structured interviews
o Online survey(White and Connaway 2011-2014)
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Data Collection in Spaino V&R was replicated in Spain at 2
universitieso Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M)
with Faculty in 2014o Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)*
with Undergraduate Students, Graduate Students, & Faculty in 2015-2016
*UOC is a totally online university
TOOLS
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WhatsApp was discussed by 70% of the UC3M Faculty & 89% of UOC Faculty. It was not mentioned by US or UK faculty.
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“Yes, I have [Whatsapp] groups of friends and family, we are quite practical. I just send messages for useful matters, because I don’t like bothering people.”
“Si, tinc grups d’amics i de família, som bastant pràctics. Tinc un grup de quan estudiàvem EGB, sí que en aquest grup envien vídeos i acudits...però en els altres grups som bastant pràctics. Com no m’agrada molestar la gent només envio missatges per coses útils.” (UOCU7, Male, Age 31, Computer Science)
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At least 80% of UC3M, UOC, & UK Faculty mentioned Tablets, only 40% of US Faculty mentioned them.
Smart Phones were mentioned by 79%- 100% of all Faculty.
SOURCES
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“When I learned to make bechamel sauce, my mother would have taught me gladly, but she was not available, so I searched on Internet… I searched for a good video.”
“Quan vaig aprendre a fer beixamel, la meva mare hagués estat encantada d’ensenyar-me a fer-ne però com no hi era vaig buscar per Internet...vaig buscar un vídeo.” (UOCG3, Male, Age 28, Computer Science)
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“En temes de salut o així no solo acudir a Internet per res perquè ...poses que et fa mal un dit i acabes tenint pesta bubònica...no es fiable, a internet...lo probablement improbable és lo segur. Aquí si que acudiria a contactes reals.” (UOCG3, Male, Age 28, Computer Science)
“Regarding health affairs, I usually don’t search on Internet because… you have a pain on a finger and then you end up [thinking] you have bubonic plague… is not reliable… improbable things become sure. For this affair I would use personal contacts.”
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“I used to seek information in Wikipedia, even my colleagues said that there are wrong things on it…but I said Enciclopedia Larousse [Traditional encyclopedia] also have mistakes…the only difference is that it is printed and is impossible to correct the mistakes once you have the printed version…Mistakes are not about technology, are about people.”
“Una informació que faig servir molt és la Wikipedia..però els meus amics diuen que hi ha coses equivocades…i la Larousse també, però està impresa I no es pot corregir…Els errors hi són, no depèn de la tecnologia, els errors dependen del creador.” (UOCFE6, Male, Age 53, Computer Science)
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60% of UK Faculty & 50% of UC3M Faculty spoke of their University Web sites, while only 22% of UOC Faculty & none of the US mentioned them.
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Librarians rarely were mentioned by Students of any groups. Faculty of all groups, mentioned librarians more often, yet still less than half of the time.
DECISION/CHOICE
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Convenience/Ease of Use/Accessibility as reasons for selecting a source were mentioned often by all groups.
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Only one UK Faculty mentioned Privacy as a possible concern while 60%-67% of all other Faculty groups mentioned it.
“I’m cautious in the sense that I know that putting too much up about yourself could leave you vulnerable perhaps to people contacting you for the wrong reasons.” (UKF2, Female, Age 51, Marketing)
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“I don’t like to post in social media my opinions or personal things…I think that [Internet] has enough information about us, both professional and academic, so, is enough.”
“No m’agrada publicar les meves opinions a les xarxes socials…Crec que [Internet] ja té prou informació sobre nosaltres, tant professional com acadèmica, crec que ja és sufficient.” (UOCFE7, Female, Age 36, Arts & Humanities)
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“Miro dos o tres recursos. Si hi ha coincidència entre les dos o tres primeres pàgines, aleshores paro.” (UOCFE1, Male, Age 43, Information Sciences)
“I look for two or three resources. If there’s a repetition between the two or three pages, then I stop.”
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“Prefereixo tenir menys informació, però estar quasi al 90% segur que aquella informació és certa.” (UOCU7, Male, Age 31, Computer Science)
“I prefer to have less information, but to be sure about 90% that the information is true.”
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The amount of information available was mentioned as a motivating factor in choosing sources by 100% of UOC Faculty, 60% of UC3M Faculty, & 40% of both US & UK Faculty.
Positive = Ability to find almost anything. Negative = Experience information overload & need to determine & manage what is relative & accurate.
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“My capacity to process information is overloaded. I’m just accumulating information as a hamster.” (UOCFE1, Male, Age 43, Information Sciences)
CONTACT
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100% of Faculty (except UOC, 89%) mentioned Email as a means of Contact.
PLACE
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Social Media was mentioned at least 80% of the time by participants between 12-54 years old.
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Social Media was mentioned highly across all Faculty groups, with Facebook being mentioned the most.
FacebookUC3M: 80%US: 80%UK: 100%UOC: 89%
TwitterUC3M: 70%US: 40%UK: 100%UOC: 89%
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" A casa és, a l’hora de l’àpat el cap de setmana quan estem junts són els dos nois dient ‘voleu deixar el mòbil, sisplau?’ a la meva dona i jo que estem amb el mòbil." (UOCFI6, Male, Age 53, Arts & Humanities)
“At home, at dinner time on weekends, when we are all together our sons ask my wife and I: ‘could you please leave your smartphone?’ [because we are all the time texting]."
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100% of UOC Faculty participants mentioned the Academic Library, contrasting sharply with only 60% of US Faculty, 40% of UK Faculty, & only 10% of UC3M Faculty.
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“No es que conegui com funciona la Biblioteca, però crec que Google ho ha de portar millor.” (UOCG3, Male, Age 28, Arts & Humanities)
“In fact, I don’t know how the Library works, but I think that Google must do it better.”
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“T’hi passes moltes hores, a Sant Google. Ens encomanem a Sant Google i això doncs ens ho soluciona.” (UOCFI6, Male, Age 53, Arts & Humanities)
“You spend many hours, with Saint Google. We entrust ourselves to Saint Google, and that solves it for us.”
MOTIVATION
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78% of UOC Faculty mentioned Media Posting as a means of professional dissemination, while only 40% of UC3M, 20% of US, & none of the UK Faculty mentioned it.
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33% of UOC Faculty avoided posting to Social Media. None of the other Faculty groups spoke of this disinclination to post to Social Media.
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“I can’t understand how people can give his opinion (on Twitter) in a such small space, with few characters. For me is very difficult to say something with value and make people understand me.” (UOCFI1, Male, Age 43, Computer Sciences)
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It’s time for a change
“Librarians have an opportunity to become part of users’ social networks and to put resources in the context of users’ information needs.”
(Connaway 2015, 23)
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Space for socializing and work groups
“We do go to the library or somewhere quiet where we can just get our work done together...”
(Digital Visitors and Residents, UKU3, Female, Age 19, French & Italian)
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Embedded librarianship…be where our users need us
“Our experience with a proactive chat model… showed us that there is indeed a ready-made market for our services right on our own library pages...”
(Zhang and Mayer 2014, 205)
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“Library is a growing organism.” (Ranganathan 1931)
Use what you knowLearn what you don’t knowEngage in new ways
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“A vegades per a que la informació sigui significativa, i arribi d’una forma clara, necessites que hi hagi algun vincle emocional amb aquella informació. Si només és la informació pura és més difícil. Millor si hi ha un contacte previ amb l’informant.“
“Sometimes for information to be significant and to arrive in a clear way, you need some kind of emotional link with that information. If there's only information, it is more difficult. Much better if there is a previous contact with the information provider." (UOCG4, Male, Age 41, Health Sciences)
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Jisc Guide o What is it?
o Contains advice on evaluating digital/online services within the broader context of traditional services.
o Why did we create it?o To understand the contexts surrounding
individual engagement with digital resources, spaces and tools.
o Who will use it?o Librarians and information technology staff.
https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/evaluating-digital-services
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ReferencesConnaway, Lynn Silipigni, comp. 2015. The Library in the Life of the User: Engaging with People Where They Live and Learn. Dublin, OH: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/2015/oclcresearch-library-in-life-of-user.pdf.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2013. “Meeting the expectations of the community: The engagement-centered library.” Library 2020: Today’s Leading Visionaries Describe Tomorrow’s Library, edited by J. Janes, 83–88. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Ixchel M. Faniel. 2015. “Reordering Ranganathan: Shifting user behaviours, shifting priorities.” SRELS Journal of Information Management 52, no. 1: 3–23. http://i-scholar.in/index.php/sjim/article/view/60392/51360.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, Donna Lanclos, and Erin M. Hood. 2013. “’I always stick with the first thing that comes up on Google…’ Where People Go for Information, What They Use, and Why.” EDUCAUSE Review Online (December 6), http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/i-always-stick-first-thing-comes-google-where-people-go-information-what-they-use-and-why.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, David White, and Donna Lanclos. 2011. “Visitors and Residents: What motivates engagement with the digital information environment?” Proceedings of the 74th ASIS&T Annual Meeting 48: 1-7.
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ReferencesDempsey, Lorcan. 2015. “Environmental Trends and OCLC Research.” Presented at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, September 28. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/presentations/dempsey/dempsey-notre-dame-oclc-research-2015.pptx.
Ranganathan, S. R. 1931. The Five Laws of Library Science. London: Edward Goldston, Ltd.
Turkle, Sherry. 2015. Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. New York: Penguin Press.
White, David S., and Lynn Silipigni Connaway. 2011-2014. Visitors & Residents: What Motivates Engagement with the Digital Information Environment. Funded by JISC, OCLC, and Oxford University. http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/vandr/.
White, David, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Donna Lanclos, Erin M. Hood, and Carrie Vass. 2014. Evaluating Digital Services: A Visitors and Residents Approach. https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/evaluating-digital-services.
Zhang, Jie, and Nevin Mayer. 2014. “Proactive Chat Reference: Getting in the Users’ Space.” College & Research Libraries News 75, no. 4: 202-205.
SM
We would like to thank Dr. Josep Cobarsi, Professor, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Titia van der Werf, Senior Program Officer, and Erin Hood, Research Support Specialist, OCLC Membership and Research, for all of their work and assistance with this project.
GraciasDr. Lynn Silipigni ConnawayOCLC [email protected]
Dr. Agustí CanalsUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya
Dr. Eva Ortoll EspinetUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya