dimensions of culture. geert hofstede (dutch management researcher) individualism versus...
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Dimensions of Culture
Dimensions of Culture
Geert Hofstede (Dutch management researcher)Individualism Versus CollectivismMasculinity Versus FemininityPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceLong- Term Versus Short- Term OrientationPolychronic Versus Monochronic High- Context Versus Low- ContextRelationship- Driven Versus Task- DrivenConcepts of the Future
Dimensions of Culture
Individualism Versus Collectivism(P184)
American Proverb: God help those who help themselves. Do you like to do.
Chinese Proverb: No matter how stout, one beam cannot support a house. For those at home, turn to your parents for help; for those outside, t
urn to your friends for help. The nail that sticks up is pounded down. The highest blade of grass is always the first to be cut.
Dimensions of Culture
Individualism Versus CollectivismDifferences: Individual vs group Loose ties vs tight ties Setting goals What have you done? vs Who are you related? direct communication vs indirect communication
Dimensions of Culture
Individualism Versus CollectivismAssociations with this dimension:
• Wealth• Geography• Birth rates• History
Dimensions of Culture
Masculinity Versus Femininitymasculinity assertiveness, competition, material
success
femininity quality of life, interpersonal relationships,
concern for the weak
In work place:
masculine culture decisive and assertive
feminine culture use intuition and strive for consensus
Dimensions of Culture
Dimensions of Culture
Masculinity Versus FemininityAssociations with this dimension:
• Geography• Birth
Dimensions of Culture
Power Distance
Chinese proverb
Let the emperor be an emperor, the minister a minister, the father a father and the son a son. (Conficius)
Five relations: ruler /subject, father /son, elder brother /young brother, husband /wife, friend /friend. (Confucius)
Dimensions of Culture
Power Distance
American proverb
All men are born equal.
Although we describe ourselves as a nation of equals, there is little doubt that some of us rank as “more equal than others.” (Macionis)
Dimensions of Culture
Power Distance
---> the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally
---> the extent to which power, prestige, and wealth are distributed within a culture. (P195)
Dimensions of Culture
Power DistanceAssociations with this dimension:
• Geography• Population• Wealth• History
Dimensions of Culture
Uncertainty Avoidance---> the extent to which people in a culture feel threatened
by uncertain or unknown situations(P197)
Dimensions of Culture
Uncertainty Avoidance
Chinese Proverb
Beforehand preparation leads to
success; unprepareness results in failure.
The past is as clear as a mirror, the future as dark as
lacquer.
Dimensions of Culture
Uncertainty Avoidance
American Proverb
The future is called “perhaps,” which is the only
possible thing to call the future.
In these matters the only certainty is that nothing is
certain.
Dimensions of Culture
Uncertainty AvoidanceAssociations with this dimension:
• Religion• History
Dimensions of Culture
Long- term versus Short- term Orientation
- values as thrift, persistence, having a sense of shame and ordering relationships.
Dimensions of Culture
Polychronic versus MonochronicPolychronic: do multiple tasks simultaneously.
linear time and limited
Monochronic: do one thing at a time.
circular time and eternal.
Dimensions of Culture
Relationship- Driven versus Task- DrivenRelationship- driven feminine culture, high-
context ones
Task- driven - masculine culture, low- context ones
Dimensions of Culture
Concepts of the FutureHow a culture views time and time horizons is
critical in how business relationships are founded and contracts negotiated.
An obsession with promptnessA much more relaxed and casual attitude
towards punctuality
Dimensions of Culture
Cross- Cultural Success Tips SHOW EMPATHY BE FLEXIBLE MANAGE YOUR RESPONSES DON’T GO NATIVE RESPECT LOCAL CUSTOMS BE AWARE OF NON- VERBAL COMMUNCATION DEVELOP TRUST BYCOMBATING MISTRUST BEOME INVOLVED