DIPLOMACY AND WORLD WAR II

DIPLOMACY AND WORLD WAR IIHIST 202 - HESENPrelude to WarWWI was the war to end all warsTreaty Versailles Killed German economyAided in the rise of HitlerU.S. stayed away and remained isolationists

Hoovers Foreign PolicyNo foreign commitmentsIsolationismGreat Depression was going onThe U.S. had its own problems to deal with!

Japanese Aggression in ManchuriaEarly 1930sJapan posed greatest threat to world peaceJapanese invaded China in September 1931League of Nations did NOTHINGShowed the League was a failure at maintaining peace

FDR and Foreign PolicyConcentration was on the home economy New DealBelieved in Good Neighbor policyRecognized Soviet UnionAligned with Latin AmericanGranted Philippines independenceLowered tariffs 50%

Events Abroad: Fascism and MilitarismItalyBenito Mussolini (1922)Il Duce Black ShirtsFascism govt. is more important than peopleGermanyAdolf Hitler (1933)Nazi Party radical fascismMein KampfJapanHideki Tojo

American IsolationistsAmericans were disillusioned from WWINye CommitteeGerald Nye Senator from NDReviewed records and policy from WWIDetermined that U.S. entered war to serve greedy bankers and industrialists

Neutrality ActsCongress adopted the Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)Spanish Civil War - FrancoSynopsis: U.S. would not sell weapons to belligerent or warring countries in EuropeAmerica First CommitteeAnti-war/Anti-conflict800,000 members

Moving Towards War in Europe1935-1939Appeasement let dictators do their thing PACIFY THEM!!!Ethiopia (1935)Rhineland (1936)China (1937)Sudetenland (1938)

AlliancesAllied PowersGreat BritainFranceSoviet UnionU.S. (eventually)

Axis PowersGermanyItalyJapan

Neutrality to War, 1939-19411939Hitler invades Poland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia

BLITZKRIEG LIGHTNING WAR

By 1940 Britain is the only Allied Power left without German troops

Changing U.S. PolicyCash and Carry (1939)British and French pay U.S. for armsCarried arms away on their own shipsKept U.S. neutralSelective Service Act (1940)Registration of all men 21-35Destroyers for BasesGave Brits older ships U.S. may build bases on British controlled territories

Election of 1940

FDRWILLKIEArsenal of DemocracyFour FreedomsSpeechReligionFreedom from wantFreedom from fear

Lend-Lease ActBrits and French are out of moneyU.S. lends them weapons

Arsenal of DemocracyAtlantic CharterAgreement between U.S. and BritsNo territorial expansionFree trade

Shoot on SightU.S. targeted German submarines

Disputes With JapanJapan joins the Axis powers in 1940FDR responds with an embargo on steelFroze Japanese credit and U.S. oil sales to JapanJapan calls it an unfriendly act

RemindersRemaining tests and papers on side tableRead Moody assignment due on 4/24Final exam study group 5/6 (normal times)Final Exam 5/13 and 5/15Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941Began at 0730 lasted two hours2,400 American killed as a result1,200 wounded20 warships were lostDecember 8, 1941 U.S. declares war against JapanU.S. gets involved in WWII

Wars ImpactPropagandaOffice of War InformationMoviesRadioMusicNewspapers

SACRFICE FOR YOUR COUNTRY!!!

Industrial ProductionWar Production Board (1942)Told companies what to produceHuge output of metals, rubber, fuelPaid companies for work PLUS % profitsBy 1944 Unemployment 1%

Industrial ProductionWages, prices, and rationingOffice of Price Administration (OPA)Controlled prices and wagesRationing SugarMeatFuel

Industrial ProductionLabor UnionsNo strikesLabor wages were frozen by OPASmith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943)Govt can take over businesses threatened by strikes

Industrial ProductionFinancing the WarIncreased income taxSold war bondsSupplemented increase in income taxes$135 billion raisedShortage of goods helped Americans save $$$

Wars ImpactAfrican-Americans1.5 million left South for North Race riots in 1943NAACP membership increasedCORE (Congress of Racial Equality) formedDouble V sloganVictory overseasVictory here for civil rights

Wars ImpactMexican AmericansWorked in the defense industry300,000 joined the military

Wars ImpactJapanese Americans20,000 served in militaryIssei v. Nisei1942Roosevelt orders Japanese Americans into internmentExecutive Order 9066100,000 interned Korematsu v U.S.(1944)

Wars ImpactWomen200,000 served in the militaryAll noncombat roles5 million entered the workplaceRosie the RiveterPaid less wages than men

World War II BattlefrontsFighting GermanyBattle of the Atlantic (1942)Objective: GET RID OF U-BOATS!!!U.S. and Brits lost 500 shipsNew technologies in radar and sonar helped in Allied win

World War II BattlefrontsFrom North Africa to ItalyOperation Torch (1942)U.S. Dwight D. EisenhowerBrits Bernard MontgomeryTook North Africa from GermansU.S. and Brits chased Germans through Italy

World War II BattlefrontsD-Day ( June 6, 1944)Operation OverlordU.S. troops hit the beaches of NormandyGold, Juno, Sword, Utah, Omaha beachesAirborne attacksPushed Germans back out of FranceBattle of the Bulge (1944)Germanys last ditch effort

German SurrenderGermans know they are beat after Battle of the BulgeHitler commits suicide on April 30, 1945May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders to the Allies

Fighting JapanMostly naval warsBattle of Coral Sea (1942)Battle of Midway (1942)Island HoppingIwo Jima (1945)20,700 Japanese troops only 200 survived6,000 U.S. Marines died

Conference at YaltaFebruary 1945Roosevelt, Churchill, StalinGermany would be broken into zonesFree electionsUnited Nations would be formed

Fallen LeaderFDR Dies! April 12, 1945Harry Truman takes the helmPotsdam (July 1945)End the war with JapanNuremburg Trials

Potsdam

Fighting JapanBattle for OkinawaU.S. lost 50,000 Japanese fought to the deathNo end of the war in sightManhattan ProjectJ. Robert Oppenheimer

August 6, 1945 HiroshimaAugust 9, 1945 NagasakiJapanese surrender September 2, 1945

Dropping the Bombs