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Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION
WMO / EUMETNET / ITWG / SFCGand METEO-FRANCE
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY IN FREQUENCY RANGE 1-275 GHz
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1 26 51 76 101 126 151 176 201 226 251
Frequency (GHz)
Vert
ical
opa
city
(dB
)
Minor constituents
OxygenWater vapour tropical
Water vapour sub-arctic
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Sensitivity of brightness temperatureto geophysical parameters over ocean surface
01 0 2 0 3 0 4 0
W IN D S P E E DS A L IN IT Y
L IQ U ID C L O U D S
W A T E R V A P O U R
S E A S U R F A C ET E M P E R A T U R E
F r e q u e n c y ( G H z )∆ T b∆ P i
+
_
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Sensitivity of brightness temperatureto geophysical parameters over land surfaces
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Frequency (G H z)
Soil m o isture
Vege tation biom assS urface roughness
Integrated w ater vapour
C loud liquid w ater
TbPi
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
O2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz (multiple absorption lines)
PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O 2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz(U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993)
55.22 GHz
55.78 GHz
RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz)
51.503452.021452.542453.066953.595754.130054.671255.221455.783856.264856.363456.968257.612558.323958.446659.164259.591060.306160.434861.150661.800262.411262.486362.998063.568564.127864.678965.224165.764866.302166.836867.369667.9009
52.6 GHz
50.2-50.4 GHz
Excl.
Excl.
Shared
Tota
l oxy
gen
abso
rptio
n al
ong
a ve
rtica
l pat
h (d
B)
200
100
0
59.3 GHz
50 55 60 65 70Frequency (GHz)
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Weigthing functions at 50 to 60 GhZ
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Water vapourabsorption spectrumalong a vertical path
around 183 GHz
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
174,
81
175,
81
176,
81
177,
81
178,
81
179,
81
180,
81
181,
81
182,
81
183,
81
184,
81
185,
81
186,
81
187,
81
188,
81
189,
81
190,
81
191,
81
Frequency (GHz)
Tota
l abs
orpt
ion
alon
g a
verti
cal p
ath
(dB
Mid-latitudeTropicalSub-arctic
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
The SAPHIR channelsover the water vapor line
180
185
190
GH
z
175
O L
1 2 3 654123456
183,
31
195
Central Frequencies (GHz)
183,31 ± 0,20
183,31 ± 1,10
183,31 ± 2,70
183,31 ± 4,20
183,31 ± 6,60
183,31 ± 11,00
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Weigthing functions at 183 GhZ
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
ATM OSPHERIC ABSORPTION IN FREQUENCY RANGE 275-1000 GHz
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
275 325 375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 775 825 875 925 975
Frequency (GHz)
Vert
ical
opa
city
(dB
)
W ater vapour tropical
W ater vapour sub-arctic
Oxygen
Minor constituents
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
GOMAS or GEM
Antenna Ø 54 GHz 118 GHz 183 GHz 380 GHz 425 GHz
1 m 242 km 112 km 73 km 35 km 31 km
2 m 121 km 56 km 36 km 18 km 16 km
3 m 81 km 37 km 24 km 12 km 10 km
4 m 60 km 28 km 18 km 8.8 km 7.8 km
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS
February 2002English only
Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing
(Question ITU-R 140/7(1978-1990-1994-
1997-2002)The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
ITU draft REC. SA 515Spectral
Line(s) or Centre
frequency (GHz)
MeasurementFrequency Band(s)(1)
(GHz)
Total BW
required (MHz)
Scan modeN, L(4)
1.37-1.4s,1.4-1.427P
100 1.4 Soil moisture, ocean salinity, sea surface
temperature, vegetation index
N
2.64-2.655s, 2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
45 2.7 Ocean salinity, soil moisture, vegetation index
N
4.2-4.4s,4.950-4.990s
200 4.3 Sea surface temperature N
6.425-7.25 200 6.85 Sea surface temperature N
10.6-10.68p,10.68-10.7P
100 10.65 Rain rate, snow water content, ice morphology,
sea state, ocean wind speed
N
Spectrumrequirements
for passive sensingof environmental data
Up to
1000 GhZ
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS February 2002
English only
DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028-1PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE
REMOTE SENSING(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2 (oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote sensing;
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production ITU draft REC. SA 1028Frequency Band(s) (1)
(GHz)Total BWRequired
(MHz)
Required Te
(K)
Data avaibility
(%)(7)
ScanMode (N,L)(4)
1.37-1.4s,1.4-1.427P
100 0.05 99.9 N
2.64-2.655s,2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
45 0.1 99.9 N
4.2-4.4s,4.950-4.990
200 0.3/0.05(6) 99.9 N
6.425-7.25 200 0.3/0.05(6) 99.9 N
10.6-10.68p,10.68-10.7P
100 1.0/0.1(6) 99.9 N
15.2-15.35s,15.35-15.4P
200 0.1 99.9 N
18.6-18.8p 200 1.0/0.1(6) 95/99.9(6) N
21.2-21.4p 200 0.2/0.05(6) 99/99.9(6) N
22.21-22.5p 300 0.4/0.05(6) 99/99.9(6) N
23.6-24.0P 400 0.05 99.99 N
Spectrumrequirementsfor passive
sensingof environmental
data
Up to
1000 GhZ
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS
February 2002English only
DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029-1PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2(oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote sensing;
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
DATA AVAILABILITY
Data availability is the percentage of area or time for which accurate data is available for a specified sensor measurement area or sensor measurement time. For a 99.99% data availability, the measurement area is a square on the Earth of 2,000,000 km2, unless otherwise justified; for a 99.9% data availability, the measurement area is a square on the Earth of 10,000,000 km2 unless otherwise justified; for a 99% data availability the measurement time is 24 hours, unless otherwise justified
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Long-term objectives for passive sensor sensitivities
Frequencyband(s)((GHz Objective ∆Te (K)
1.37-1.4s,1.4-1.427P 0.05
2.64-2.655s, 2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P 0.05
4.2-4.4s,4.950-4.990s 0.05
6.425-7.25 0.05
10.6-10.68p, 10.68-10.7P 0.1
THE WMO TABLE IS A
DRAFT DEFINED UP TO
1000 GhZ
(not clear for 1000 to 3000 GHz range)
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
N.B.The updated and consolidated WMO table quoted above
should and must be as well the reference for a correct
agreement between « local » and « global » 1b radiances.
Same concerning the computation of synthetic radiances.
This is …not yet …the case today .
What about tomorrow when using togetherNPOESS, METOP,FY-3 etc …?
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
WEB(s) sites fore more infos.http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/
http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/
http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm
http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html
http://www.sfcgonline.org
[email protected] fore more questions
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Some big problems to solve …
To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz (central frequencies and bandwidths)
To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between WMO and ITU proposals
To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in microwaves below 50 GHz.
To save 23.6-34 GHz as a key exemple for ever !
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Contamination around 7 GHz
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Measurementsin the 10.6 to
10.7 GHz band with the
Effelsberg100m radio
telescope
1990
2000
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
The global problem :
1) To get a clear, consolidated and justificated request (that include for our instruments to avoid « wrong » bands).
2) To make lobbying against those which don’t respect WMO and ITU rules…
3) A first way is to cooperate with SFCG and a complementary way is to react country by country now.
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Suggestions from now to next ITSC-14 :
* To have a one hour meeting ,here, with interested people
* To clean and update the informations on ITWG Web
* To host next SFCG/24 in Perros-Guirec in one year
if ITWG agrees
if some money can be collected from :
NASA, NOAA, ESA, EUMETSAT, NASDA, WMO, CNES, ISRO, CSA and some others…
(SFCG-25 is planned in Beijing by september 2005).
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard 28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
SFCG-24 ( 60 people)
A) Two actions given to the ITWG representative :* one bout how to update the WMO/ITU handbook* the other about to complete and consolidate the « table »
from 1 to 3000 GHz for passive microwaves
B) Evaluation of the cost of SFCG-24 at Perros-Guirec30 KEUROS for the facilities of the Conference Center4 KEUROS for the coffee breaks4 KEUROS for the SFCG-24 dinner2 KEUROS for the busTotal 40000 Euros …so around 4000 Euros by Organism.
( answer needed urgently )