direction of arrival and beam forming
DESCRIPTION
My final year project presentationTRANSCRIPT
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Group Members
Hafiz ZeeshanWaseem Ahmed JanjuaM. Bilal ZuberiShumaila Pervez
Supervisor
Syed Junaid Nawaz
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ANTENNA ARRAY:
A simple directional antenna consists of a linear array of small radiating antenna elements, each fed with identical signals (the same amplitude and phase) from one transmitter. As the total width of the array increases, the central beam becomes narrower. As the number of elements increases, the side lobes become smaller.
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ANGLE OF ARRIVAL (AOA):
A measure of the direction of propagation of electromagnetic radiation upon arrival at a receiver ; it is the angle between the plane of the phase front and some plane of reference, usually the horizontal, at the receiving antenna.
BEAMFORMING:
Smart antennas can direct the array main beam towards the signal of interest even when no reference signal or training sequence.
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Tx
Ceiling
Obstacle
RxAntennaArray
θ1
θ2
Multipath Propagation
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Receiving array
Reception on Antenna
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Intersymbol delay
Angle of Arrival
d
Time shot of a signalarriving from an arbitrary direction
Reciever
Signal Source far away
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α= Angle of Arrival
αIntersymbol delay
d
Spacing b/wantenna weights
Calculation of Angle of Arrival
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WAVEFRONT
• A surface of constant phase. • An imaginary surface joining all points in space that are reached at
the same instant by an undulating movement propagating through a medium.
• The simplest form of a wavefront is the plane wave, where the rays are parallel to one-another. The light from this type of wave is referred to as collimated light.
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α1
α2
αn
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Transmitter Array
Changing delays,beam direction changes
Beamforming with Calculated delays
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Signal &Delay production(Beamformingcircuit)
Signal Receiver&Delay Calculation
Transmitter Reciever
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FSKMODULATOR
Power Measurement
DemodulationInformation
Reciever
Beamform
α
α
α
α
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Serial Port
FSK ModFSK Mod Power Power AmpAmp
XR2206XR2206
Patch Patch AntennaAntenna
Max 232Max 232
Block Diagram of Transmitter
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Receiver
XR2211
Max 232FSK de_mod
Serial Port
Block Diagram of Reciever
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• A current application of AoA is in the geodesic location or Geo-location of cell phones. Multiple base stations would calculate the AoA of the cell phone's signal, and this information would be combined to determine the phone's location on the earth.
• AoA is generally used to discover the location of pirate radio stations or of any military radio transmitter.
• In submarine acoustics, AoA is the method to localize objects with active or passive ranging.
USAGES
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PROJECT PHASES
IMPLEMENTATION
7TH SEMESTER
COMPLETION
8TH SEMESTER
Searching for
project
Collection of data
Study of data,
proposal and presentation
TEST TRANSMISSION
FINAL TESTING
DOCUMENTATION
AoA & Beamformi
ngSimulation
Hardware SimulationPHASE-1
Hardware SimulaionPHASE-2Interfacing