disability in a labor market and higher education context

Disability in a Labor Market and Higher Education Context

Paul E. HarringtonCenter for Labor Market Studies

Northeastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts

October 7, 2008

Persons with Disabilities: The ACS Definition

The definition of disability is the same as that used by the U.S. Census Bureau in its official estimates of the nation’s disabled population from the American Community Survey (ACS) and exactly the same as that used by the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center of Cornell University in its analysis of the ACS.

The Census Bureau defines disability as a long-lasting sensory, physical, mental, or emotional condition or conditions that make it difficult for a person to do functional or participatory activities such as seeing, hearing, walking, climbing stairs, learning, remembering, concentrating, dressing, bathing, going outside the home, or working at a job.

The disability status of respondents is based on self-identification of the disability by respondents.

(continued) Persons with Disabilities: The ACS definition

An individual respondent to the ACS survey will be classified as “disabled” if he or she answers “yes” to one or more of the following six questions:

Does the person have long-lasting conditions of blindness, deafness, or a severe vision or hearing impairment?

Does the person have a long-lasting condition that substantially limits one or more basic physical activities such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying?

(continued) Persons with Disabilities: The ACS definition

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition lasting 6 months or more, does this person have any difficulty in:

learning, remembering, or concentrating? dressing, bathing, or getting around inside the home? going outside the home alone to shop or visit a doctor’s

office? Working at a job or business?

Incidence of Disability Among the Working Age Population in New England, 2005-06

Incidence of Disability PopulationPopulation

with Disability

Share of Population

with a Disability

16-21 1,013,274 79,258 7.8%

22-54 6,577,853 638,681 9.7%

55-59 895,891 162,566 18.1%

60-64 671,779 146,814 21.9%

65-69 481,664 124,047 25.8%

70-74 405,289 129,028 31.8%

75-79 375,800 157,911 42.0%

80+ 527,713 327,531 62.1%

All 16+ 10,949,262 1,765,834 16.1%

Incidence of Disability Among the Working Age Population In New England, 2005-2006

7.8%9.7%

18.1%21.9%

25.8%

31.8%

42.0%

62.1%

16.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

16-21 22-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ All 16+

Distribution of the Working Age Population by Disability Status and Age

For All 16+ Non- DisabledNon

DisabledPercent

Distribution PopulationPercent

Distribution

16-21 934,016 10.2% 79,258 4.5%

22-54 5,939,173 64.7% 638,681 36.2%

55-59 733,325 8.0% 162,566 9.2%

60-64 524,966 5.7% 146,814 8.3%

65-69 357,617 3.9% 124,047 7.0%

70-74 276,262 3.0% 129,028 7.3%

75-79 217,889 2.4% 157,911 8.9%

80+ 200,182 2.2% 327,531 18.5%

All 16+ 9,183,428 100.0% 1,765,834 100.0%

Incidence of Disability Among the Working Age Population in New England, 2005-06

Total PopulationPopulation with

Disability

Share of Population

with a Disability

All 16+ 10,949,262 1,765,834 16.1%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 1,664,843 493,424 29.6%

H.S. Diploma/GED 3,192,522 633,803 19.9%

Some College 2,716,103 377,336 13.9%

Bachelor Degree 2,037,866 158,778 7.8%

Master's or Higher Degree 1,337,928 102,494 7.7%

Incidence of Disability in the Civilian Non Institutional Working Age Population in

New England, 2005-06

16.1%

29.6%

19.9%

13.9%

7.8% 7.7%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

All 16+

<12

or 1

2, N

o H.S

. Dipl

oma

H.S. D

iplom

a/GED

Some

Colleg

e

Bache

lor D

egre

e

Mas

ter's

or H

igher

Deg

ree

Distribution of the Working Age Population by Disability Status and Educational Attainment

Non DisabledNon

DisabledPercent

Distribution

Population with

DisabilityPercent

Distribution

All 16+ 9,183,428 100.0% 1,765,834 100.0%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 1,171,419 12.8% 493,424 27.9%

H.S. Diploma/GED 2,558,719 27.9% 633,803 35.9%

Some College 2,338,768 25.5% 377,336 21.4%

Bachelor Degree 1,879,089 20.5% 158,778 9.0%

Master's or Higher Degree 1,235,434 13.5% 102,494 5.8%

Incidence of Disability in the Civilian Non Institutional Working Age Population by Selected Age Groups and Educational Attainment in New England, 2005-

2006

31.2%

51.2%

34.7%

27.0%

18.7%16.0%

3.2%5.4%

9.3%12.2%

20.2%

9.5%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Total

<12

or 1

2, N

o H.S

. Dipl

oma

H.S. D

iplom

a/GED

Some

Colleg

e

Bache

lor D

egre

e

Mas

ter's

or H

igher

Deg

ree

Less than 55 55+

The Incidence of Disability by Selected Age and Educational Attainment among the Civilian Non

Institutional Population in New England, 2005-2006

55-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+

All 19.7% 25.8% 31.8% 42.0% 62.1%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 41.3% 44.5% 44.2% 54.0% 69.0%

H.S. Diploma/GED 23.6% 25.7% 31.8% 42.1% 63.1%

Some College 18.8% 24.1% 30.0% 38.2% 57.4%

Bachelor Degree 10.7% 16.5% 22.1% 31.9% 51.3%

Master's or Higher Degree 9.7% 12.6% 20.9% 28.8% 51.6%

Incidence of Disability Among those Aged 55+ in New England, by Level

of Educational Attainment, 2005-2006

PopulationPopulation

with Disability Incidence

55+ 3,358,135 1,047,896 31.2%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 615,722 315,451 51.2%

H.S. Diploma/GED 1,084,910 376,145 34.7%

Some College 708,309 191,430 27.0%

Bachelor Degree 483,357 90,437 18.7%

Master's or Higher Degree 465,837 74,434 16.0%

Incidence of Disability Among those Aged less than 55 in New England, by Level of

Educational Attainment, 2005-2006



Less than 55 7,591,127 717,939 9.5%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 579,933 117,280 20.2%

H.S. Diploma/GED 2,107,612 257,659 12.2%

Some College 2,007,795 185,906 9.3%

Bachelor Degree 1,554,509 84,344 5.4%


Incidence of Disability Among Those Aged 55 to 79 in New England, by Level of

Educational Attainment, 2005-2006



55-79 2,830,422 720,365 25.5%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 458,462 206,872 45.1%

H.S. Diploma/GED 884,297 249,485 28.2%

Some College 625,030 143,660 23.0%

Bachelor Degree 433,175 64,691 14.9%


Labor Force Status of the Total Civilian Non Institutional Working Age Population in

New England, 2005-06

Labor Force Participation

RateUnemployment

RateEmployment

Rate

16-21 59.3% 17.0% 49.2%

22-54 84.3% 5.0% 80.1%

55-59 76.6% 4.1% 73.4%

60-64 58.7% 4.0% 56.4%

65-69 33.0% 3.6% 31.8%

70-74 18.6% 3.5% 17.9%

75-79 10.5% 4.1% 10.1%

80+ 3.9% 3.1% 3.8%

All 16+ 68.7% 5.8% 64.7%

Labor Force Measures, Civilian Non Institutional Population in New England, 2005-06

76.2%

29.8%

5.3%

12.9%

72.2%

26.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

NotDisabled

Disabled NotDisabled

Disabled NotDisabled

Disabled

Labor ForceParticipation Rate

Unemployment Rate Employment Rate

Labor Force Participation Rate of the Civilian Working Age Population by Disability

Status in New England

Disability With Disability No Disability No/With

16-21 51.9% 59.9% 115.5%

22-54 50.7% 87.9% 173.5%

55-59 40.7% 84.6% 208.0%

60-64 29.3% 66.9% 228.8%

65-69 19.2% 37.8% 196.9%

70-74 9.7% 22.7% 233.2%

75-79 6.2% 13.6% 219.2%

80+ 1.8% 7.3% 408.0%

All 16+ 29.8% 76.2% 255.7%

Unemployment Rate of the Civilian Working Age Population by Disability Status in New

England

With Disability

No Disability No/with

16-21 31.8% 15.9% 50.0%

22-54 13.0% 4.5% 34.6%

55-59 10.3% 3.5% 33.6%

60-64 7.4% 3.6% 48.7%

65-69 4.1% 3.6% 87.3%

70-74 4.8% 3.2% 67.7%

75-79 4.8% 3.8% 79.6%

80+ 5.4% 2.2% 41.5%

All 16+ 12.9% 5.3% 40.8%

Employment Rate of the Civilian Working Age Population by Disability Status in New England

With Disability No Disability No/with

16-21 35.3% 50.4% 142.5%

22-54 44.1% 84.0% 190.5%

55-59 36.5% 81.6% 223.9%

60-64 27.1% 64.5% 238.1%

65-69 18.4% 36.5% 198.0%

70-74 9.3% 22.0% 237.0%

75-79 5.9% 13.1% 221.5%

80+ 1.7% 7.2% 421.7%

All 16+ 26.0% 72.2% 278.1%

Labor Force Participation Rate, Unemployment Rate and Employment Rate of the Civilian Non Institutional

Population in New England, by Disability Status and Level of Educational Attainment. 2005-06

Labor Force Participation Rate Unemployment Rate Employment Rate

Non DisabledNot

Disabled DisabledNot


Disabled Disabled

All 16+ 76.2% 29.8% 5.3% 12.9% 72.2% 26.0%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 55.7% 19.1% 14.1% 20.5% 47.8% 15.2%

H.S. Diploma/GED 75.2% 28.0% 6.0% 13.4% 70.7% 24.2%

Some College 80.0% 39.9% 4.8% 12.1% 76.2% 35.0%

Bachelor Degree 81.8% 39.7% 3.1% 7.2% 79.2% 36.8%

Master's or Higher Degree 81.9% 40.3% 2.4% 4.7% 80.0% 38.4%

Labor Force Measures for the 55 to 64 Year Old Civilian Non Institutional Population, by

Education and Disability Status, 2005-06

Labor Force Participation Rate

Unemployment Rate E/P

With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

55-64 35.2 77.2 9.2 3.5 32.0 74.5

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 20.7 67.8 14.2 6.5 17.8 63.4

H.S. Diploma/GED 32.0 73.4 9.4 3.6 29.0 70.8

Some College 43.0 79.3 8.1 4.0 39.5 76.2

Bachelor Degree 47.6 79.0 7.6 2.9 44.0 76.8

Master's or Higher Degree 53.5 81.8 6.9 2.5 49.8 79.8

Labor Force Measures for the 65-69 Year Old Civilian Non Institutional Population, by




With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

65-69 19.2 37.8 4.1 3.6 36.5 18.4

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 11.8 30.3 3.3 6.4 28.4 11.4

H.S. Diploma/GED 18.7 33.2 4.1 2.6 32.3 18.0

Some College 24.7 40.5 5.6 3.6 39.1 23.3

Bachelor Degree 24.1 41.8 3.7 3.7 40.2 23.2






With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

70-74 9.7 22.7 4.8 3.2 9.3 22.0

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 7.2 14.7 5.1 2.8 6.9 14.3

H.S. Diploma/GED 8.5 21.0 7.5 3.6 7.9 20.2

Some College 13.9 25.5 0.9 4.5 13.8 24.3

Bachelor Degree 7.1 24.9 9.4 2.4 6.5 24.3






With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

75-79 6.2 13.6 4.8 3.8 5.9 13.1

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 4.4 10.1 na na 4.1 9.7

H.S. Diploma/GED 5.1 11.5 na na 5.0 11.0

Some College 9.0 14.6 na na 8.0 13.8

Bachelor Degree 6.9 16.8 na na 6.9 16.3

Master's or Higher Degree 14.3 21.9 na na 14.3 21.2

Labor Force Measures for the 80+Year Old Civilian Non Institutional Population, by




With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

With Disability

No Disability

80+ 1.8 7.3 2.2 5.4 1.7 7.2

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 1.3 4.2 na na 1.2 4.0

H.S. Diploma/GED 1.4 5.0 na na 1.4 4.9

Some College 2.6 8.8 na na 2.4 8.5

Bachelor Degree 3.1 12.5 na na 2.5 12.5

Master's or Higher Degree 3.8 15.6 na na 3.8 15.1

Labor Force Participation Rate, Unemployment Rate and Employment Rate of the Civilian

Non Institutional Population in New England, by Disability Status and Level of Educational Attainment, 2005-06

Labor Force Participation Rate Unemployment Rate Employment Rate

Non DisabledNot



Disabled Disabled

All 16+ 76.2% 29.8% 5.3% 12.9% 72.2% 26.0%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 55.7% 19.1% 14.1% 20.5% 47.8% 15.2%

H.S. Diploma/GED 75.2% 28.0% 6.0% 13.4% 70.7% 24.2%

Some College 80.0% 39.9% 4.8% 12.1% 76.2% 35.0%

Bachelor Degree 81.8% 39.7% 3.1% 7.2% 79.2% 36.8%

Master's or Higher Degree 81.9% 40.3% 2.4% 4.7% 80.0% 38.4%

Distribution of the Labor Force by Disability Status and Educational Attainment

Not Disabled

Percent Distribution Disabled

Percent Distribution

All 16+ 6,995,710 100.0% 526,015 100.0%

<12 or 12, No H.S. Diploma 652,206 9.3% 94,058.5 17.9%

H.S. Diploma/GED 1,924,487 27.5% 177,248.5 33.7%

Some College 1,869,958 26.7% 150,457.5 28.6%

Bachelor Degree 1,536,937 22.0% 62,957 12.0%

Master's or Higher Degree 1,012,123 14.5% 41,293.5 7.9%

Total Civilian Population Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)

2006 2020 Absolute Relative

16-19 year olds 818,666 716,267 -102,399 -12.5%

20-24 year olds 939,686 889,903 -49,783 -5.3%

25-29 year olds 846,704 986,161 139,457 16.5%

30-34 year olds 851,332 1,028,594 177,262 20.8%

35-44 year olds 2,184,725 1,918,169 -266,556 -12.2%

45-54 year olds 2,217,631 1,908,747 -308,884 -13.9%

55-64 year olds 1,605,949 2,061,617 455,668 28.4%

65-69 year olds 499,168 818,793 319,625 64.0%

70-74 year olds 414,512 677,230 262,718 63.4%

75+ year olds 887,535 1,148,591 261,056 29.4%

Total 11,265,908 12,154,072 888,164 7.9%

Male Civilian Population Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 412,594 361,848 -50,746 -12.3%

20-24 year olds 466,092 444,890 -21,202 -4.5%

25-29 year olds 419,080 487,836 68,756 16.4%

30-34 year olds 425,707 507,769 82,062 19.3%

35-44 year olds 1,057,827 938,910 -118,917 -11.2%

45-54 year olds 1,076,826 926,468 -150,358 -14.0%

55-64 year olds 773,483 989,128 215,645 27.9%

65-69 year olds 234,960 379,699 144,739 61.6%

70-74 year olds 186,257 304,062 117,805 63.2%

75+ year olds 339,779 436,390 96,611 28.4%

Total 5,392,605 5,777,000 384,395 7.1%

Female Civilian Population Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 406,072 354,419 -51,653 -12.7%

20-24 year olds 473,594 445,013 -28,581 -6.0%

25-29 year olds 427,624 498,325 70,701 16.5%

30-34 year olds 425,625 520,825 95,200 22.4%

35-44 year olds 1,126,898 979,259 -147,639 -13.1%

45-54 year olds 1,140,805 982,280 -158,525 -13.9%

55-64 year olds 832,466 1,072,489 240,023 28.8%

65-69 year olds 264,208 439,095 174,887 66.2%

70-74 year olds 228,255 373,168 144,913 63.5%

75+ year olds 547,756 712,201 164,445 30.0%

Total 5,873,303 6,377,072 503,769 8.6%

Total Labor Force Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 406,146 280,280 -125,866 -31.0%

20-24 year olds 723,530 661,586 -61,944 -8.6%

25-29 year olds 717,606 851,401 133,795 18.6%

30-34 year olds 725,647 914,760 189,113 26.1%

35-44 year olds 1,847,721 1,615,577 -232,144 -12.6%

45-54 year olds 1,877,148 1,647,563 -229,585 -12.2%

55-64 year olds 1,110,124 1,526,571 416,447 37.5%

65-69 year olds 170,671 347,781 177,110 103.8%

70-74 year olds 76,390 141,268 64,878 84.9%

75+ year olds 59,916 137,056 77,140 128.7%

Total 7,714,899 8,123,844 408,945 5.3%

Male Labor Force Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 198,333 131,548 -66,785 -33.7%

20-24 year olds 366,740 328,956 -37,784 -10.3%

25-29 year olds 377,529 456,047 78,518 20.8%

30-34 year olds 395,396 498,133 102,737 26.0%

35-44 year olds 969,802 852,249 -117,553 -12.1%

45-54 year olds 960,094 808,125 -151,969 -15.8%

55-64 year olds 571,080 730,985 159,905 28.0%

65-69 year olds 95,026 180,824 85,798 90.3%

70-74 year olds 42,869 73,185 30,316 70.7%

75+ year olds 33,758 68,374 34,616 102.5%

Total 4,010,627 4,128,426 117,799 2.9%

Female Labor Force Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 207,813 148,732 -59,081 -28.4%

20-24 year olds 356,790 332,630 -24,160 -6.8%

25-29 year olds 340,077 395,354 55,277 16.3%

30-34 year olds 330,251 416,627 86,376 26.2%

35-44 year olds 877,919 763,328 -114,591 -13.1%

45-54 year olds 917,054 839,438 -77,616 -8.5%

55-64 year olds 539,044 795,586 256,542 47.6%

65-69 year olds 75,645 166,957 91,312 120.7%

70-74 year olds 33,521 68,083 34,562 103.1%

75+ year olds 26,158 68,682 42,524 162.6%

Total 3,704,272 3,995,417 291,145 7.9%

Total Disabled Population Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 67,174 58,792 -8,382 -12.5%

20-24 year olds 70,500 66,792 -3,708 -5.3%

25-29 year olds 63,541 74,007 10,466 16.5%

30-34 year olds 61,233 74,025 12,792 20.9%

35-44 year olds 207,029 181,825 -25,204 -12.2%

45-54 year olds 295,709 254,523 -41,186 -13.9%

55-64 year olds 327,246 420,098 92,852 28.4%

65-69 year olds 120,728 198,040 77,312 64.0%

70-74 year olds 121,634 198,730 77,096 63.4%

75+ year olds 441,002 570,913 129,911 29.5%

Total 1,775,796 1,526,832 -248,964 -14.0%

Male Disabled Population Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 38,659 33,904 -4,755 -12.3%

20-24 year olds 36,754 35,082 -1,672 -4.5%

25-29 year olds 31,134 36,242 5,108 16.4%

30-34 year olds 29,256 34,896 5,640 19.3%

35-44 year olds 103,246 91,639 -11,607 -11.2%

45-54 year olds 139,995 120,447 -19,548 -14.0%

55-64 year olds 157,654 201,608 43,954 27.9%

65-69 year olds 56,660 91,563 34,903 61.6%

70-74 year olds 52,767 86,141 33,374 63.2%

75+ year olds 156,493 200,990 44,497 28.4%

Total 802,618 731,523 -71,095 -8.9%

Female Disabled Population Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 28,515 24,888 -3,627 -12.7%

20-24 year olds 33,746 31,709 -2,037 -6.0%

25-29 year olds 32,407 37,765 5,358 16.5%

30-34 year olds 31,977 39,129 7,152 22.4%

35-44 year olds 103,783 90,186 -13,597 -13.1%

45-54 year olds 155,714 134,076 -21,638 -13.9%

55-64 year olds 169,592 218,490 48,898 28.8%

65-69 year olds 64,068 106,476 42,408 66.2%

70-74 year olds 68,867 112,589 43,722 63.5%

75+ year olds 284,509 369,923 85,414 30.0%

Total 973,178 795,309 -177,869 -18.3%

Total Disabled Labor Force Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 29,420 20,198 -9,222 -31.3%

20-24 year olds 42,189 38,512 -3,677 -8.7%

25-29 year olds 36,152 42,961 6,809 18.8%

30-34 year olds 34,906 44,004 9,098 26.1%

35-44 year olds 106,810 93,367 -13,443 -12.6%

45-54 year olds 139,287 122,377 -16,910 -12.1%

55-64 year olds 115,734 159,303 43,569 37.6%

65-69 year olds 25,813 52,734 26,921 104.3%

70-74 year olds 11,212 20,856 9,644 86.0%

75+ year olds 16,304 37,723 21,419 131.4%

Total 557,827 632,034 74,207 13.3%

Male Disabled Labor Force Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 16,366 10,855 -5,511 -33.7%

20-24 year olds 23,222 20,830 -2,392 -10.3%

25-29 year olds 20,522 24,790 4,268 20.8%

30-34 year olds 18,513 23,323 4,810 26.0%

35-44 year olds 53,495 47,011 -6,484 -12.1%

45-54 year olds 69,541 58,534 -11,007 -15.8%

55-64 year olds 58,758 75,211 16,453 28.0%

65-69 year olds 13,930 26,507 12,577 90.3%

70-74 year olds 5,917 10,101 4,184 70.7%

75+ year olds 8,473 17,161 8,688 102.5%

Total 288,737 314,323 25,586 8.9%

Female Disabled Labor Force Changes in New England from 2006 to 2020 (projected)


16-19 year olds 13,054 9,343 -3,711 -28.4%

20-24 year olds 18,967 17,683 -1,284 -6.8%

25-29 year olds 15,630 18,171 2,541 16.3%

30-34 year olds 16,393 20,681 4,288 26.2%

35-44 year olds 53,315 46,356 -6,959 -13.1%

45-54 year olds 69,746 63,843 -5,903 -8.5%

55-64 year olds 56,976 84,092 27,116 47.6%

65-69 year olds 11,883 26,227 14,344 120.7%

70-74 year olds 5,295 10,754 5,459 103.1%

75+ year olds 7,831 20,562 12,731 162.6%

Total 269,090 317,711 48,621 18.1%

disability in a labor market and higher education context

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