Disability inclusion rapid assessment report

7.0 LOMBOK EARTHQUAKE

A rapid assessment focusing on disability inclusion in humanitarian action at Lombok Island of

West Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia was conducted from the 8th to 11th of August

2018 following the 7.0 Magnitude on the Richter scale earthquake which hit the island on

August 5th, 2018 in Lombok. The asessment was conducted by the Disabled People's

Organisations of West Nusa Tenggara, Disability Inclusion Service Unit of Central Java

Disaster Management Agency (Unit LIDi BPBD Jawa Tengah) and supported by Arbeiter –

Samariter - Bund (ASB) Indonesia and the Philippines.

The objectives of the response were:

Ÿ To provide capacity building to the Lombok Disabled People's Organisations (DPOs) on

basic disaster management and an inclusive rapid needs assessment through

introductory trainings; Ÿ To support local DPOs' active involvement in Command Post and relevant cluster

coordination meetings, and provide wider opportunities for DPOs networking with

humanitarian actors as a way of influencing a more inclusive humanitarian assistance; Ÿ To mentor the DPOs to identify needs and gaps on inclusion in humanitarian assistance

through an inclusive rapid needs assessment; Ÿ To raise awareness for people being left behind during the response;Ÿ To provide practical recommendations on how to reach “hidden populations” during

emergency response; andŸ To disseminate the assessment findings and relevant recommendations with key

humanitarian agencies for a more inclusive humanitarian asisstance practices.

5 KEY

INCLUSION MUSTS

Identification

Accessibility

Meaningful Participation

Empowerment

Rights

1

You can identify many problems in these pictures.

What you cannot see are “hidden persons” who have

no access to humanitarian asisstance although their

needs are amongst the highest. These “hidden persons”

might include older people or persons with disabilities.

2

PEOPLE ARE BEING LEFT BEHIND

3

“Not all individuals within a crisis-affected population have equal

power, influence, or control of resources. Given these differences,

it is important to ensure the inclusion of all individuals and groups

within a community by considering age, gender and diversity.”

Sphere Handbook Draft 2 for consultation, October 2017

“Some 15 per cent of the world's population is living with

some kind of disability today, and more than 1 in 8 people are

already over the age of 60, with that number rising.

The exclusion of older people and persons with disabilities from

humanitarian assistance – or unintentionally hindering

their access to such assistance – is much more than a blind spot;

in reality it undermines the fundamental principle of impartiality

and contributes to discrimination rather than supporting recovery.”

Christine Knudsen, Director of The Sphere Project

4

1. Identification (especially on disaggregated data collection)

In general, there is a limited awareness and practice in identifying persons with

disabilities within the response.

Few actors are collecting Gender, Age and Disability Disaggregated Data (GADDD). In

particular, no standardised format to collect disability data.

Local DPOs are potential partner in collecting disability data using The Short Set of

Washington Group Questions (WGQ - http://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/

washington-group-question-sets/short-set-of-disability-questions/) to identify persons

with disabilities from functioning limitations perspectives in conjunction with existing

National Census Data as a reference.

Recommendations:

Coordinate and collaborate with local DPOs

Utilise networks and data which are owned by local DPOs to identify and potentially

involve persons with disabilities in the affected area

Capacitate local DPOs on rapid need assessments and WGQ

A dapt the Short Set of Washington Group Questions into existing assessment tool and

exercise how to them

Ask persons with disabilities in the affected area whether he or she happens to know

other persons with functioning limitations including people who are not identified as

persons with disabilities within the community (snow-ball sampling)

Capacitate and support local DPOs to lead an inclusive rapid needs assessments

in the affected area

Analyse WGQ results to identify risk levels of affected people who have difficulty

understanding information and/or act upon information received.

KEY FINDINGS SUMMARY

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2. ACCESIBILITY (physical and to information)

Insufficient measures of physical access for persons with disabilities in humanitarian

assistance. The Assessment team faced physical barriers in accessing the evacuation

location due to geographical conditions, for example: many of the affected community

lived in the hilly side and narrow access with so many debrises, which had not being

removed from the main road/access.

Limited access for information especially for the deaf persons and volunteers when

met with persons with hearing difficulties, who could not read or limited understanding

on Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO).

Environmental conditions in the affected area are challenging and can be barriers for

the DPOs when conducting an assessment.

Recommendations:

“Nothing about us without us” – involve most at risk groups – follow Sphere and

ensure a people centred approach

Actively involve local DPOs in ensuring accessibility in humanitarian assistance for

persons with disabilities and other most-at risk groups

Adapt assessment forms to become fully accessible (include a variety of tools like

online data collection, for example KoBo Toolbox/

https://www.kobotoolbox.org/; beside manual sheets)

Apply questions related to accessibility into the assessment form incorporating all

sectors of humanitarian action

C onsider capacities and functioning limitations of persons with disabilities of the

assessment team. Consider also that they might be psycho-socially affected by

the disaster

3. MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION

Limited to no participation from persons with disabilities or DPOs within humanitarian

response and humanitarian agency coordination meetings

KEY FINDINGS SUMMARY

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L imited to no participation or even consultation with persons with disabilities in

community activities prior to and during the emergency situation

Recommendations:

Coordination with local DPOs and provide capacity building through introductory

trainings on basic disaster management, Sphere, Humanitarian Inclusion Standards

and rapid assessment tools

S upport and mentor local DPOs to lead the assessment and actively involve in

coordination meetings with key humanitarian agencies

Involve persons with disabilities or DPOs in other humanitarian response activities

by considering their capacities and reasonable accomodation required

Apply questions related to participation into the assessment form; how persons

with disabilities and other most at-risk groups can be involved in activities in the

affected community using their knowledge and skills

Improve accessibility for persons with disabilities to increase their participation in

social activities in the affected communities

I nvolve DPOs in educating community and humanitarian actors for the reduction

of social barriers and inclusion

KEY FINDINGS SUMMARY

4. EMPOWERMENT

Persons with disabilities have knowledge and skills that are not being

recognised

H umanitarian actors and DPOs usually don't know much about each other

Recommendations:

Facilitate direct interactions between most at-risk groups and humanitarian action

stakeholders whenever possible

A pply humanitarian standards such as Sphere – a correct application should

minimize that people are being left behind

KEY FINDINGS SUMMARY

Support persons with disabilities and the most at-risk groups through capacity

building according to their passion and needs

A ssess local DPOs in affected areas and identify their capacities

Humanitarian agencies should collaborate with local DPOs as key partners to

mainstream inclusion in humanitarian action

5. RIGHTS

Persons with disabilities are usually not aware of their rights. Indonesia ratified the

UN Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) in the year 2011

and has passed a new law, Law Number 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities.

Further, the National Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia (BNPB) in 2014

has legalised a supporting regulation to promote assistance, protection and

participation of persons with disabilities in disaster management

There is almost no knowledge on Humanitarian Inclusion

Standards for older people and persons with disabilities

– the handbook (https://www.cbm.org/article/downloads/

54741/Humanitarian_inclusion_standards_for_older_

people_and_people_with_disabi....pdf Sphere companion

Standard) is not yet translated into Bahasa Indonesia

There is almost no risk reduction information available related to earthquake safety

procedures that are inclusive to persons with disabilities

Affected persons do not know on how to give feedback on humanitarian action

provided

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Recommendations:

Include assessment questions related to the rights, protection from upcoming hazard,

discrimination, psychological support and physical abuse into the assessment form

C hildren and persons who have communication limitations must be accompanied by

carers or family member if being asked/involved in the assessment

H umanitarian actors set up safe and dignified feedback mechanisms

C onduct short trainings on Sphere and Age and Disability Inclusion in

Humanitarian Action for humanitarian actors.

The following key findings are based on interviews with 40 Persons with Disabilities in the affected area of

West Lombok and North Lombok Regency

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Priority needs

Risk of lacking access to information and lacking capacity to act accordingly

have difficulties to receive and

understand information

have difficulties to perform

in daily activities

9

Age groups

Functioning limitations

Sex groups

10

Using assistive devices

Accessibility needs to support daily activities

Condition of the assistive devices after earthquake

METHODOLOGY

Use secondary data from the BNPB database (http://bnpb.cloud/dibi/sp2010) to

to estimate the numbers of affected population (male, female) and the most at-risk

groups such as households led by older people, households led by women,

number of persons who have difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, remembering and

self-care.

1-day coordination and short training for DPO representatives at the office of

Indonesian Association of Women with Disabilities in Mataram

Observation and listening.

S urvey & semi-structured interviews with 40 persons with disabilities in

West Lombok Regency at District of Gunung Sari, Batu Layar and Labu Api

A ssessments were undertaken by 4 teams (2-3 persons each team) of DPO

representatives and Disability Service Unit of Central Java Disaster Management.

Authority. ASB supported and monitored the assessment and data analysis processes.

M entoring DPO representatives involved in coordination meetings at the

Command Post and networking with humanitarian actors.

Using manual and online-offline survey tool (kobotoolbox) to collect data.

Enabling DPOs to be involved in the coordination mechanism

A massive action was taken immediately after the 7.0 S.R. earthquake hit Lombok Island,

lead by National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) to ensure the emergency response

taken effectively and basic needs are fulfilled in timely manner. An emergency coordination

was set up immediately involving all humanitarian actors and related ministries in the

affected area.

West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) Governor already declared emergency response

period until August 25th, 2018. According to BNPB's spokesperson during Press

Conference, BNPB encouraged local humanitarian partners and private sectors to liaise

directly with Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBDs) command posts on-site.

Incident Command Post(s) have been established by local disaster management

organizations (BPBDs) on scene. The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB)

had established National Assisting Post (Pospenas) in Supersemar Field, Tanjung District,

in front of North Lombok Head of Office District to give assistance to Government of NTB

for managing humanitarian response .

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In order to introduce the DPOs in Lombok to be involved in coordination mechanism,

ASB took two representative from DPOs from Women Disability Organization (HWDI)

and Deaf Organization (GERKATIN) of NTB to attend the coordination meeting, lead by

Head of BNPB. It was also a strategic action to raise awareness about the accessibility

of the Emergency Command Post for persons with disabilities. The BNPB and all

humanitarian actors were all aware that our partners could voice the immediate needs

of persons with disabilities affected by the earthquake. Nothing about us without us was

truly shared in the process, that our DPOs partners were involved in the rapid need

assessment process.

The assessment team

Male12 persons

Female3 persons

Sex: Age:

21 - 30

31 - 40

41 - 60

4 persons

2 persons

9 persons

Functioning limitations:

walking9 persons

seeing1 persons

hearing3 persons

no difficulty2 persons

12

The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) had established a National Assisting

Post (Pospenas) to provide technical assistance to the local government in managing and

coordinating humanitarian response.

I ndonesian Armed Force has dispatched 3 aircrafts with around 200 personnel to support

search and rescue & medical assistance. Ship Hospital Dr. Soeharso (990) was enroute

to Lombok Island.

National Search and Rescue Agency BASARNAS) has dispatched additional 320

personnels to Lombok.

Crisis Team of Ministry of Tourism is assisting evacuation of domestic and foreign tourists.

The Ministry of Social Affairs has activated, coordinated and accompanied the Refugee

and Protection Cluster in an effort to collect data on refugees, need assessment,

psychosocial support, encourage the fulfillment of food needs through public kitchens

and food distribution, as well as support the provision of temporary shelter. The Lombok

Earthquake Disaster Victims Handling Team was established within the Directorate

General of Social Security Protection (Linjamsos) to conduct data mentoring and

verification processes until the emergency response period ends.

Indonesian Electrical Company (PLN) undertook emergency efforts to resume electrical

supplies in the areas. Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS) and Lombok International

Airport (LPQ) resumed its normal operations.

BNPB released the daily updated data of the number of affected people and infrastructure.

Link is provided in: https://bnpb.go.id/english-lombok-earthquake

According to Health Crisis Center, Ministry of Health, medical services in North Lombok

Regency collapsed. Field hospitals have been established.

Key Actions Taken by Government of Indonesia:

13

Ministry of Education established emergency school immediately to restore the function of

education activities. No school activities as at today. State Minister of Public Housing has

started working on cleaning the debrises in the main road for ensuring the logistics

accessibility to the affected areas. Tents, temporary latrines and clean water distribution

were accelerated to support the basic needs of the affected people

(https://bnpb.go.id/en/government-gave-financial-assistance-to-repair-damaged-houses-

to-1191-homeowners-in-lombok)

The Ministry of Home Affairs through the Directorate General of Village Government

Development has sent a team to collect data on village office infrastructure affected

by the earthquake.

Market recovery would be the main concern of the Local Government to restore the

livelihood activities. Economic loses could be found in provided link:

https://bnpb.go.id/en/impact-of-the-lombok-earthquake-436-died-and-economic-losses

-of-more-than-idr-504-trillion

2,408 volunteers were mobilized mostly to North Lombok, East Lombok and

West Lombok from total 240 organizations or CSOs.

Ary AnantaProject Coordinator

ASB Indonesia-Philippines+ 62 (0) 81 328 076 089

ary.ananta@asbindonesia.orgwww.asbindonesia.org

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