disaster first aid
DESCRIPTION
Disaster First Aid. 1. Identify the “killers.” 2. Apply techniques for opening airways, controlling bleeding, and treating for shock. 3. Fractures/ Splinting 4. Burns 5. Head-to-Toe Assessments. Public Health Considerations. The primary public health measures include: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Disaster First Aid
1. Identify the “killers.”2. Apply techniques for opening airways,
controlling bleeding, and treating for shock.3. Fractures/ Splinting4. Burns5. Head-to-Toe Assessments
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Public Health Considerations
The primary public health measures include:
Maintaining proper hygiene – wearing protective gloves
Maintaining proper sanitation Purifying water if necessary
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Disaster First Aid
There are 3 phases of death from trauma: Phase 1 – Death within minutes Phase 2 – Death within several hours Phase 3 – death in several days or weeks
Phases 1 & 2 should be identified immediately
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Treatment of Life-Threatening Conditions
The “Killers”: Airway obstruction Excessive bleeding Shock
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Opening the Airway
Check for unresponsiveness Place palm of one hand on forehead Place two fingers of other hand under the chin*
tilt chin upward while tilting head back slightly Place ear over victim’s mouth, looking toward
victim’s feet Look, Listen & Feel for breathing
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Controlling Bleeding
Place direct pressure over the wound by putting a clean dressing over the wound and pressing firmly
Maintain pressure on the dressing over the wound by wrapping firmly with a pressure bandage
If needed, elevate wound above the level of the heart
Pressure Points are last resort
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Treating Impaled Objects
Impaled Objects: Immobilize. Don’t move or remove. Control bleeding. Clean and dress wound. Wrap.
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Treating Amputations
Control bleeding Treat for shock Save tissue parts, wrapped in clean cloth Keep tissue cool Keep tissue with the victim
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Wound Care
Control bleeding Prevent secondary infection Clean wound—don’t scrub Apply dressing and bandage
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Signs of Shock
Signs Include: Rapid & Shallow Breathing Capillary Refill of greater than 2 seconds Failure to follow simple commands Changes in skin color
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Treatment & Prevention of Shock
Lay victim on back Elevate feet 10-12 inches above level of heart Maintain open airway Control obvious bleeding Maintain body temperature
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Indicators of Injury
Bruising Swelling Severe pain Disfigurement
Provide immediate treatment for life-threatening injuries!
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Treating Fractures, Dislocations, Sprains, and Strains
Objective: Immobilize the injury and joints above and below the injury.
If questionable, treat as a fracture.
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Treating an Open Fracture
Do not draw exposed bones back into tissue. Do not irrigate wound.
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Treating an Open Fracture
DO: Cover wound. Splint fracture without disturbing wound. Place a moist 4" x 4" dressing over bone end to
prevent drying.
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Guidelines for Splinting
1. Support the injured area.2. Splint injury in the position that you find it.3. Don’t try to realign bones.4. Check for color, warmth, and sensation.5. Immobilize above and below the injury.
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Classification of Burns
First degree Second degree Third degree
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Treating Burns
Cool the burned area. Cover to reduce infection.
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Head-to-Toe Assessment
1. Head2. Neck3. Shoulders4. Chest5. Arms6. Abdomen7. Pelvis8. Legs9. Back
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Triage
Do the most good for the most people in the shortest amount of time
Sort people into triage categories Immediate Delayed Minor Dead
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Triage Assessment
Compound Fracture, Left femur Respirations over 30/min Radial pulse present Awake
IMMEDIATE
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Triage Assessment
90% Second Degree burns Respirations none (Repositioned airway twice) Radial pulse present Unconscious
DECEASED
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Triage Assessment
Impaled stick in arm Respirations under 30/min Capillary refill under 2 sec. Awake Walked to you
MINOR
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Triage Assessment
Unable to move legs Respirations under 30/min Radial pulse present Awake and Alert
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Triage Assessment
Amputated left arm, bleeding controlled Respirations under 30/min Capillary refill under 2 seconds Awake
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Triage Assessment
Bruise on forehead, blood in ears and nose Respirations under 30/min Radial pulse present Awake and but unable to focus their attention.
IMMEDIATE