PRESENTED BY:- SHAINA SHARMA, M.N FINAL

DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND

ROLE OF NURSE ADMINISTRATOR

(W.H.O.): “An occurrence of a severity and magnitude that normally results in death, injuries and property damage that cannot be managed through the routine procedure and resources of government.”

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency): “ A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance.”

DEFINITION OF DISASTER

Definition of Disaster Nursing

Disaster Nursing can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing skills in

recognizing and meeting the nursing physical and emotional needs resulting from a disaster.

The overall goal of disaster nursing is to achieve the best possible level of health for the

people and the community involved in the disaster.

‘DISASTER’ alphabetically means

D - DestructionsI - IncidentsS - SufferingsA - Administrative, Financial Failures.S - SentimentsT - TragediesE - Eruption of Communicable diseases.R - Research programme and its implementation

Death of 3 million people

Economic loss increased due to disaster like flood

In Indian scenario, 34million people affected per year

and 5116 death per year.

In US, economic loss is 400 million dollar and 3 million people

died.

THE GLOBAL SCENARIO

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER

AGENT

HOSTENVIRONMENT

Primary

Agents Secondary

Agents

AGENTS OF

DISASTER

Host factors

1. Age

2. Immunization status

3. Degree of mobility

4. Emotional stability

Environmental factors

1. Physical Factors

2. Chemical Factors

3. Biological Factors

4. Social Factors

5. Psychological Factors

Factors affecting disaster

Preimpact phase

Impact Phase

Post impact phase

Rehabilitation

Phases of Disaster

Disaster Response Disaster Preparedness Disaster Mitigation

three fundamental aspects of disaster management

Disaster Impact

Mitigation

Preparedness

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response

Risk reduction phase before a disaster

Recovery phase after a disaster

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

DISASTER IMPACT AND RESPONSE

Search, rescue and first aid

Field care

Triage

Tagging

Identification of dead

The type and quantity of humanitarian relief supplies are usually determined by two main factors : (1) the type of disaster, since distinct events have different effects on the population(2) the type and quantity of supplies available locally.

There are four principal components in managing humanitarian supplies: (a) acquisition of supplies (b) transportation(c) Storage (d) distribution.

Relief phase

Overcrowding and poor sanitation

Population displacement

Disruption and the contamination of water supply, damage to sewerage system and power systems

Disruption of routine control programmes

Ecological changes

Displacement of domestic and wild animals

Provision of emergency food, water and shelter

EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEILLANCE AND DISEASE CONTROL

VACCINATION

NUTRITION

Rehabilitation Water supply

Food safety

Basic sanitation

and personal hygiene

Vector control

DISASTER MITIGATION IN HEALTH SECTOR

Emergency prevention and mitigation involves measures designed either to prevent hazards from causing emergency or to lessen the likely effects of

emergencies.

These measures include :-Flood Mitigation WorksAppropriate Land-use PlanningImproved Building Codes Reduction Or Protection Of Vulnerable Population And Structures.

Disaster preparedness

Emergency preparedness is “a programme of long term development activities whose goals

are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a country to manage efficiently all

types of emergency. It should bring about an orderly transition from relief through recovery,

and back to sustained development”.

The reasons of community preparedness are:-

(a) Members of the community have the most to lose from being vulnerable to disasters and the most to gain from an effective and appropriate emergency preparedness programme

(b) Those who first respond to an emergency come from within the community. When transport and communications are disrupted, an external emergency response may not arrive for days

(c) Resources is most easily pooled at the community level and every community possesses capabilities. Failure to exploit these capabilities is poor resource management

(d) Sustained development is best achieved by allowing emergency-affected communities to design, manage, and implement internal and external assistance programme.

Policy development

The policy development is “the formal statement of a course of action”. Policy is strategic in nature and performs the following functions:a. establish long - term goals;b. assign responsibilities for achieving goals;c. establish recommended work practice; and d. determine criteria for decision making.

PERSONAL PROTECTION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF EMERGENCIES

A number of measures must be observed by all persons in all types of emergency:- Do not use the telephone, except to call for help, so as to leave telephone lines free for the organization of response.- Listen to the messages broadcast by radio and the various media so as to be informed of development.- Carry out the official instructions given over the radio or by loudspeaker.- Keep a family emergency kit ready. In all the different types of emergency, it is better:- To be prepared than to get hurt;- To get information so as to get organized;- To wait rather than act too hastily.

FLOODS EARTHQUAKE

STORMS, HURRICANES

AND TORNADOES

CLOUDS OF TOXIC

FUMES

MAN MADE DISASTERS

DISASTERS IN INDIA

INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES PROVIDING

HEALTH HUMANITARIAN

ASSISTANCE

Community measures in Disaster

Community Participation

Mock trails/training

Mass awareness

Education

a. Setting up the first aid postb. Causality evaluation

c. Basic hygiene and sanitationd. Safety measures

e. Maintenance of food and water supply f. Maintenance of law and order.

g. Provision of sheltersh. Rescue streaming

i. Significance of traffic control and communicationj. Use of fire services

k. Hazards of radiation and preventive measuresl. Prevention of future disasters.

m. Grant in aid n. Rehabilitation

ROLE OF NURSE ADMINISTRATOR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Preserving Open Lines of Communication

Ensuring Quality Patient Care

Providing Current Education

Influencing Policy and Financial Decisions

Providing Security for Staff, Patients, and Families