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Disaster Management inDisaster Management in

IndiaIndiaPast, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future

BY :ANKUR DWIVEDICLASS : IX A

CENTRAL ACADEMY

C.H.B.,JODHPUR


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Disasters in IndiaDisasters in India

Moving away from the Great Bengal famine ofMoving away from the Great Bengal famine of17691769--1770 in which a third of the population1770 in which a third of the populationperished.perished.

The Chalisa famine of 1783, the Doji Bara orThe Chalisa famine of 1783, the Doji Bara or

Skull famine of 1790 to 1792, the North WestSkull famine of 1790 to 1792, the North WestProvinces famine of 1838, the North West IndiaProvinces famine of 1838, the North West IndiaFamine of 1861, the Bengal and Orissa famine ofFamine of 1861, the Bengal and Orissa famine of1866, the Rajputana famine of 1869, the famine1866, the Rajputana famine of 1869, the famineof 1899 to 1901, the Bengal famine of 1943of 1899 to 1901, the Bengal famine of 1943

The drought years of 1965, 1972, 1979,The drought years of 1965, 1972, 1979,1987, 20021987, 2002


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Indias Vulnerability toIndias Vulnerability to

DisastersDisasters57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Ofthese, 12% is vulnerable to severethese, 12% is vulnerable to severeearthquakes.earthquakes.

68% land is vulnerable to drought.68% land is vulnerable to drought.

12% land is vulnerable to floods.12% land is vulnerable to floods.

8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.

Apart from natural disasters, some cities inApart from natural disasters, some cities inIndia are also vulnerable to chemical andIndia are also vulnerable to chemical andindustrial disasters and manindustrial disasters and man--made disasters.made disasters.


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Seismic Activity in IndiaSeismic Activity in India

180 AD180 AD -- 20042004


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Areas of ConcernAreas of Concern

Activating an Early Warning System networkActivating an Early Warning System networkand its close monitoringand its close monitoring

Mechanisms for integrating the scientific,Mechanisms for integrating the scientific,technological and administrative agencies fortechnological and administrative agencies foreffective disaster managementeffective disaster management

Terrestrial communication links which collapseTerrestrial communication links which collapsein the event of a rapid onset disasterin the event of a rapid onset disaster

Vulnerability of critical infrastructuresVulnerability of critical infrastructures(power supply, communication, water(power supply, communication, watersupply, transport, etc.) to disaster eventssupply, transport, etc.) to disaster events


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New Directions for DisasterNew Directions for Disaster

Management in IndiaManagement in IndiaThe National Disaster Management AuthorityThe National Disaster Management Authority(NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for(NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for

Disaster Management in India, with the PrimeDisaster Management in India, with the PrimeMinister as its Chairman.Minister as its Chairman.Disaster Management Authorities will be set up atDisaster Management Authorities will be set up atthe State and District Levels to be headed by thethe State and District Levels to be headed by the

Chief Ministers and Collectors/Zilla ParishadChief Ministers and Collectors/Zilla ParishadChairmen respectively.Chairmen respectively.


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Future DirectionsFuture Directions

Encourage and consolidate knowledge networksEncourage and consolidate knowledge networksMobilise and train disaster volunteers for moreMobilise and train disaster volunteers for moreeffective preparedness, mitigation and responseeffective preparedness, mitigation and response

(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil DefenceHomeguards)Homeguards)Increased capacity building leads to fasterIncreased capacity building leads to fastervulnerability reduction.vulnerability reduction.

Learn from best practices in disaster preparednesLearn from best practices in disaster preparednesmitigation and disaster responsemitigation and disaster response


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Future DirectionsFuture Directions

Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,Womens Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati RajWomens Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati RajInstitutionsInstitutions

Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, MockAnticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mockdrills and Scenario Analysisdrills and Scenario AnalysisIndigenous knowledge systems and coping practicesIndigenous knowledge systems and coping practices

Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster RiskLiving with Risk: Community Based Disaster RiskManagementManagement

Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, childInclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, childfriendly, ecofriendly, eco--friendly and disabled friendly disasterfriendly and disabled friendly disaster

managementmanagementTechnology driven but people ownedTechnology driven but people owned

Knowledge Management: Documentation andKnowledge Management: Documentation anddissemination of good practicesdissemination of good practices

Public Private PartnershipPublic Private Partnership


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Invest in PreparednessInvest in Preparedness

Investments in Preparedness andInvestments in Preparedness andPrevention (Mitigation) will yieldPrevention (Mitigation) will yieldsustainable results, rather thansustainable results, rather thanspending money on relief after aspending money on relief after adisaster.disaster.Most disasters are predictable,Most disasters are predictable,especially in their seasonality and theespecially in their seasonality and the

disasterdisaster--prone areas which areprone areas which arevulnerable.vulnerable.Communities must be involved inCommunities must be involved indisaster preparedness.disaster preparedness.


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Best PracticesBest PracticesOn 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit theOn 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit thecoastal belt of Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with acoastal belt of Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with astorm surge of six to nine meters height, killingstorm surge of six to nine meters height, killingan estimatedan estimated 500,000500,000 people.people.Due to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, theDue to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, theApril 1991 cyclone with wind speed of 225April 1991 cyclone with wind speed of 225

km/hr. killed onlykm/hr. killed only 138,000138,000 people even thoughpeople even thoughthe coastal population had doubled by that time.the coastal population had doubled by that time.

In May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a windIn May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a windspeed of 250 km/hr. onlyspeed of 250 km/hr. only 127127 people lost theirpeople lost their

lives.lives.In May 1997, in a cyclone with wind speed ofIn May 1997, in a cyclone with wind speed of200 km/hr. only200 km/hr. only 111111 people lost their lives.people lost their lives.


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New possibilitiesNew possibilitiesNational Urban Renewal MissionNational Urban Renewal Mission for 70for 70cities: recent experience ofcities: recent experience ofunprecedented extreme weatherunprecedented extreme weatherconditions in a few major metros andconditions in a few major metros and

megacitiesmegacities100,000100,000 Rural Knowledge CentresRural Knowledge Centres

( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e--GovernanceGovernance

for informed decision making in disasterfor informed decision making in disaster--proneproneareas: before, during and after disastersareas: before, during and after disasters


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Disaster Management in India

Presentation by

Ankur Dwivedi

Under Secretary

Govt. of India

Ministry of Home Affairs


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Vulnerability

54% of land mass prone to earthquakes

40 million hectares(8%) of landmass prone to floods

8000 Km long coastline with two cyclone seasons

Drought low and medium rainfall region which

constitute 68% of the total area vulnerable to

drought

Hilly regions vulnerable to avalanches

landslides/Hailstorms/ cloudbursts

Man-made disasters including those linked to

terrorism


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Role of Central and State

Govts.

Basic responsibility for rescue, relief and rehabilitationwith the State Governments .

Central Govt. supplements the efforts of State Govts.

byproviding financial and logistic support in case of major

disasters.


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Central Govt. Departments/Agencies

with nodal/coordinating responsibility

Ministry of Home Affairs for

natural disasters

(excluding drought and epidemics),and

man made disasters including those related to use of

radiological, biological and chemical material byterrorists.

Ministry of Agriculture for

drought management.


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Govt.s approach to Disaster Management

Change in orientation from a primarily relief-centricapproach to a holistic approach emphasising mitigation,prevention and preparedness besides strengtheningresponse, relief and rehabilitation mechanisms.

Creation of institutional mechanisms at National and

State levels to provide appropriate coordinatingplatforms keeping in view the multi-disciplinary nature ofthe activities required to be undertaken to reduce andmanage the risk from natural hazards.


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Govt.s approach to Disaster Management (contd.)

Tackling the problem of terrorism by adopting a multi-pronged approach which inter alia includes :strengthening and modernisation of security

arrangements and intelligence

diplomatic initiatives

encouraging a dialogue redressal of public grievances

accelerating economic development to provide

avenues for gainful employment

building up physical and social infrastructure

assistance for psychological and economic

rehabilitation of the victims of terrorist violence


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Institutional / Policy framework

A National Framework for Disaster Management drawnup focusing on institutional mechanisms, coordination,monitoring, capacity building and human resourcedevelopment, mitigation measures, legal and policyframework, preparedness and response, early warningsystems

States in the process of drawing up State levelframeworks. A National policy emphasizingmainstreaming of disaster mitigation in the developmentprocess particularly in areas with a high degree of

vulnerability to natural hazards.

State level policies/legislations in the process of beingadopted/developed.


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Preparedness to speed up Response

Specialist emergency response teams of Central Para-Military Forces being trained and equipped for search & rescue in

case of natural disasters and for handling of radiological,biological and chemical emergencies.

Creation/strengthening of specialist search & Rescue capabilityat the level of States.

14 Regional Response Centres being set up with caches ofequipment including boats etc.

Establishment of web enabled centralised inventory of resourcesfor disasters managers at District/State and National level to

minimise response time. Establishment/strengthening of Emergency Operation Centreswith hazard resistant structural features and failsafecommunication facilities at National, State and District levels.


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National,

State and District level nodal points anddisaster/emergency sites.

An Incident Command System being introduced toprofessionalise the management of response todisasters.

Advance action by the relevant Ministries/Departmentsat the National and State level by way of drawing up

Department specific Emergency Support FunctionPlans, constituting response teams and designating

resources to be made available during anemergency/disaster

Laying down Standard Operating Procedures forspecific disasters

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