disaster nursing.revised

7/30/2019 Disaster Nursing.revised

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Disaster Nursing

Christina Barrick


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Objectives

Describe examples of natural and manmadedisasters. attack.

Describe the different phases of a disaster. Discuss the nurses role in managing the disaster

victim.

Compare the reactions of children and the elderly.

Discuss the role of the nurse in primary, secondary,and tertiary care.

Apply principles of triage to select situations.

Describe the principles of disaster management.


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What is a Disaster?

Forces overwhelm a community. Services are compromised.

Outside assistance is required.


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Characteristics of Disaster Agents

Predictability

Frequency Controllability/Mitigation

Time: speed, duration

Scope Intensity

Community Implications


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Manmade Disasters: Terrorism

D.O.D estimates that as many as 26

nations possess chemical or biological

agents.

10 countries are believed to possess

biological agents as weapons

Attack can take many forms

Aerosolized agents


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Nuclear Attack


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Nuclear and Radiological Attack

Dirty Bomb

Appeal to terrorists

Availability


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Natural Disaster: Tsunami


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Phases of a Disaster

Pre-disaster

Warning Impact Emergency

isolation

rescue remedy

Recovery


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Immediate Physical Management of the

Disaster Victim

Validate what you hear

Perform a thorough assessment Assess for other injuries/illnesses

even when symptoms are absent Is the condition life-threatening

What is past medical history? Do not ignore patient fears or

complaints


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Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of

a Disaster Victim

Pre-disaster Preparations and Warning

Phase reactions: apathy to panic interventions: mock drills, leadership important goal interventions: mental health services


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Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of

a Disaster Victim

Impact and Emergency Phase reaction: disaster syndrome Interventions: prevent isolation, rumor control


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Management of the Psychosocial

Aspects of a Disaster Victim Recovery Phase

reaction

interventions


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Reactions of Children to a Disaster

Developments level

Familys reactions Separation anxiety School refusals Enuresis

Guilt


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Reactions of Children to a Disaster

Interventions

Research www.fema.gov/kids
http://www.fema.gov/kidshttp://www.fema.gov/kids


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Generally cope better

Prob. related to chronic illness/resources Fear loss of independence Interventions

assistance with clean up financial, legal, and tax info. refer to a support team refer to appropriate comm. agencies

Elderly Reactions


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Caregivers Reactions

Same as Victim Role Strain Concerns over Personal Safety & Family Possessiveness towards victims Nurse - parent identification with

pediatric victims Interventions

clear disaster plans & disaster exercises


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Criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

The trauma is universally recognized

Re-experience the trauma Demonstrate either emotional numbingor decrease in normal events


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Three Tier Triage System

First Priority

Second Priority Third Priority


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Three Tier Triage System

Special Cases:

pregnancies injured disaster personnel

family of rescue worker agitated of violent patients


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Role of the Nurse at the Disaster Site

Insure safety

First Aid Emergency care


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Role of the Nurse in a Shelter

Objective: temporary means of caring

Assessment Planing: 24/7 nursing and ancillary coverage Supplies

Implementation Evaluation


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Role of the CHN in a Community Setting

After a Disaster

Goal: Achieve the best possible level of

health for persons in a community after adisaster

Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention


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Prevention Levels in Disaster Management

Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention


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Principles of Disaster Management

Prevent the disaster

Minimize casualties

Prevent further casualties Rescue the victims

First aid

Evacuate

Medical care

Reconstruction

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