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Prior Investment on Disaster Risk Reduction Japan-India Workshop on Disaster Risk Reduction 19-20 March, 2018 Toru UEMACHI Senior Representative, JICA India Office

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Page 1: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Prior Investment

on

Disaster Risk Reduction

Japan-India Workshop on

Disaster Risk Reduction 19-20 March, 2018

Toru UEMACHI Senior Representative,

JICA India Office

Page 2: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

JICA’s Approach along with

The SENDAI Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

1. UNDERSTANDING disaster risk

• MINDSET CHANGE through education and emergency training

• Enhancement of PUBLIC AWARENESS

2. Strengthening disaster RISK GOVERNANCE to manage disaster risk

3. INVESTING in disaster risk reduction for RESILIENCE

4. Enhancing disaster PREPAREDNESS for effective response, and

“BUILD BACK BETTER” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

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*Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 New Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, which was adopted in UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015

Page 3: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

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Example for each stage of disaster management cycle

Disaster Education Emergency Drill

Hazard Map

Weather Monitoring

DISASTER!!

1. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

2. RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCTION

3.Resilience

Rescue Team Medical Team

Delegation of Specialist Team

4. Preparedness

Recovery of Infrastructure

Recovery of Livelihood

River Management

Shelter Landslide-Proof Construction

http://knowledge.jica.go.jp/km/FSubject0301.nsf/VIEWALL/3958A0A725ABA98549257A7900124F29/$FILE/Disaster%20Resilient%20Society_EN.pdf

JICA’s Approach

Page 4: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

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NEPAL : Recovery and Rehabilitation from Earthquake

<Housing> • Emergency housing reconstruction • New guidelines for building earthquake-resistant houses • Training for engineers and house owners on safer building skills

<School> • Emergency school reconstruction with earthquake-resistant design

<Infrastructure> • Rehabilitation of damaged roads • Reconstruction of hospitals • Reconstruction of water transmission system • Construction of bridges

<Livelihood Recovery> • Technical support for communities affected by the earthquake

https://www.jica.go.jp/nepal/english/office/others/c8h0vm00009vyd39-att/brochure_08.pdf https://www.jica.go.jp/nepal/english/office/topics/c8h0vm0000b7cjnk-att/170426_03.pdf

Technical guideline for masons

Image of reconstructed school

Case Study - Recovery : Build Back Better!

Page 5: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Case Study - Resilience

Corruption of Rana Plaza, April 2013 Casualty:1,135

Japan’s Technical & Financial Assistance

• 65% factories did NOT comply the standard

• 2 Step loan for building resilience • Support ‘ENFORCEMENT’ of building standard

Ready-made Garment Sector Safe Working Environment Program (2013-)

Urban Building Safety Project (2015-)

• Financing(2 step loan) for private building safety • Construction & Retrofit of public buildings + Technical Cooperation (Retrofit manual, retrofit work…)

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Page 6: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Mangahan discharge channel

In September, 2009, the typhoons “Ondoy” hit Metropolitan Manila and around 500 people died in upper area.

In downstream area, the discharge channel cut the flood and succeeded to harness the flood 600m3 which was almost planned level.

Case Study - Resilience against Flood

The discharge channel constructed by Japanese ODA

Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement in Philippine

Great Flood in Manila (2009)

Protected urban area

Damaged area

Discharge channel

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Page 7: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Case Study - Mainstreaming of DRR

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Implementing Projects with DRR elements in Various Sectors

– Road Raising for Flood Mitigation

– Typhoon Resistant Hospital

– School-cum-Evacuation Center

– Flood Resilient Subway System

Thailand:Flood Resilient Subway

Raised 1m for flood mitigation

Philippines: Typhoon

Resistant Hospital

Thailand: Raised Road

Page 8: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Flooded!

Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building

8 industrial complexes 808 companies (inclu. 469 Japanese companies) → request for flood forecast system in Thailand Full-scale system to forecast overflow area with satellite

information. First time in the world!

Flood forecast map Water level forecast

Flood in the basin of Chao Phraya River

Project on Comprehensive Flood Management Plan for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand

Flood forecast! 8

Page 9: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building

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The typhoon “Sendong (Washi)” hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died.

JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for flood control.

This survey assisted to setup a river boarder line, which is the first case in Philippine, with the concept “not to live in danger area”.

Cagayan de Oro river

Detail topographical survey

Inundation analysis and evaluation

Briefing to local residents

Setup a river boarder line in the M/P

Master Plan for Flood Management and Management Capacity Enhancement in Philippine

GPS Station

GPS

Laser

Digital imagery

Page 10: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building

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DRR advisor stationed in Ministry of Disaster Management (2017 - 2020) Support in making National DM Plan 2018-2022 Technical support for introduction of up-to-date DRR technologies etc…

Landslide Mitigation Project Capacity enhancement in investigation, design, construction-supervision and monitor

Landslide Disaster Protection Project of the National Road Network Slope stabilization along high risk highways and introduction of early warning system

Landslide cutting off a road Collapsed Slope Slope management for falling

rocks

http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12154050.pdf https://www.jica.go.jp/srilanka/office/information/event/ku57pq0000211swv-att/151119_01.pdf

Page 11: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Case Study – Preparedness : DRR Plan Building

BCM : To maintain business continuity by protecting company's production, information, equipment, and employees.

Area BCM : A concept proposed by JICA in 2013. To maintain common resources to enable business to continue in widespread area.

Pilot Area BCP for Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand

Business is stopping.

With Area BCP

Time

Rate

of O

pera

tion

100%

0%

Without Area BCP

A-BCP

Disaster

Restart

Disaster Restart

RTO

Bottleneckresources

RTO =Recovery TimeObjective

Great flood in Thailand

Risk evaluation [case of Philippine] Effectiveness of area BCM

Area Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in SE Asia

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Page 12: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

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https://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/topics/press160829.html PRESS RELEASE JICA Extends Technical Assistance for Slope Disaster Mitigation Component in Uttarakhand

Enhance the capacity to plan and implement erosion control works for slope disaster management

The knowledge will be disseminated to other states

Damaged slope in a pilot site

Unit net

Round-shaped

anchor bearing

plate

Reinforcem

ent material

Image: Stabilization of unstable natural slope

Image: Completed hillside crib work

Erosion control techniques introduced by JICA experts

Case Study – Capacity Development Natural Disaster Management in the Forest Areas in Uttarakhand

Combination of loan project and technical cooperation

Risk reduction component

Loan Project Technical Cooperation

Experiences in pilot sites

Training for engineer in Japan

(Key point) Thorough preparation with strategic planning!!

Page 13: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

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National Highway eroded by river, in West Bengal

Dangerous overhung in Meghalaya

~Enhancing Connectivity for North-East Region~ A loan project is also going on

North East Connectivity Improvement Project Phase-1

NH54

Mizoram Aizawl~Tuipang

about 350km

Connection to Kaladan Multi Modal Transport Corridor

NH51

Meghalaya Tura~Dalu

about 50km

Connection to Bangladesh border

Case Study – Capacity Development Highways in Mountainous Regions

New guideline for highways in mountainous regions inclu. tunnels, high-pier bridges, earthworks, slope protection etc.

Long-term cooperation for high quality infrastructure Fulltime JICA experts stationed in India for continuous support e.g. First JICA expert for highway project came to India in 2007

Steady advance!!!

Page 14: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

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https://www.jica.go.jp/shikoku/topics/2017/1010.html

1. Young Leaders Training Course (Disaster Reduction Course) • 6 November - 25 November 2017 by JICA Hokkaido, Japan • 15 participants from various parts of India including NER • Course on;

a) History, experience, social background…etc., regarding disaster in Japan b) Knowledge, skill and advanced system used in Japan

2. Comprehensive Disaster Management in Small Islands • 14 August – 23 September 2017 by JICA Shikoku and Kochi University, Japan • Participants from Andaman Nicobar Islands

Education on disaster in an elementary school in Kochi, Japan

Survey on evacuation route from tsunami, in Kochi, Japan

Japan experiences various disasters ⇒ Know-how and Technology in Japan can be useful in India, too

Observing the community disaster risk reduction workshop,

Hokkaido, Japan

Young Leaders Training Disaster Management in Small Islands

Case Study – Capacity Development Training Course in Japan

Page 15: Disaster Risk Reduction - NDM India · The typhoon ^Sendong (Washi) hit Mindanao in December, 2011, and around 1,000 people died. JICA implemented the survey to review the M/P for

Thank you!

धन्यवाद

c.f. http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/about/message.html http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/others/brochures.html http://www.jica.go.jp/india/english/office/others/presentations.html

Disclaimer While every effort is made to provide accurate information, JICA does not guarantee that there will be no errors in the contents of this presentation document, nor does JICA disclaims any liability for errors accruing from the use of the contents. The presentation document also includes contents, other information, and translated material provided by third-parties for which JICA claims no responsibility.

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