discover the gains made by the women’s movement
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Objectives. Discover the gains made by the women’s movement. Find out how Mexican Americans struggled to win equal treatment. Explore how Native Americans, older Americans, and the disabled sought fairer treatment. Terms and People. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
• Discover the gains made by the women’s movement.
• Find out how Mexican Americans struggled to win equal treatment.
• Explore how Native Americans, older Americans, and the disabled sought fairer treatment.
Objectives
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Terms and People
• Betty Friedan – author of The Feminine Mystique and co-founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW)
• César Chávez – Mexican American co-founder of the United Farm Workers (UFW) and organizer of the California grape boycott
• bilingual – able to speak two languages fluently
• mandatory retirement – a policy that required people to stop working at a certain age
• Maggie Kuhn – organizer of the Grey Panthers
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
In the 1960s and 1970s, women, older Americans, Americans with disabilities, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans all worked against discrimination.
What other groups were swept up in the spirit of reform?
African Americans were not the only Americans to be denied equal rights, and they were not the only Americans to work for change.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
By the 1960s, women had made many gains, but many believed they still had not achieved full equality in jobs and education.
The Feminine Mystique, a 1963 book by Betty Friedan, reignited the women’s rights movement.
Friedan argued that many women were secretly unhappy with their limited roles in society.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
The Feminine Mystique:
• was an instant bestseller.
• changed traditional ideas about the roles of men and women.
• inspired thousands of women to seek careers outside the home.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Although the number of women in the workplace steadily increased, their incomes lagged behind those of men.
Employers often paid men more than women for doing the same work.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
In 1966, Friedan helped found the National Organization for Women (NOW).
NOW lobbied Congress for laws that would give women greater equality.
It demanded that medical schools and law practices train and hire more women.
It campaigned for day-care facilities for the children of mothers who worked outside the home.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
NOW led a campaign to ratify an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution.
The ERA would forbid any form of sex discrimination.
Congress passed the ERA in 1972, but to become law, it had to be ratified by 38 states.
The ERA’s opponents charged that it would undermine traditional values.
In the end, the ERA did not receive enough votes for ratification.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
The Equal Pay Act required equal pay for
men and women doing the same jobs.
The Civil Rights Act included laws against
sex discrimination.
More women attended colleges.
Despite opposition to the ERA, women made notable gains.
More women were elected to serve in
city, state, and federal
government.
Gains of the
women’s movement
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Mexican Americans also faced discrimination.
Mexican American children were barred from all-white schools and forced to attend poorly equipped “Mexican schools.”
They were not subject to segregation laws, but custom kept Mexican Americans out of many neighborhoods and jobs.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Organizing for Change
The American GI Forum
• In 1948, Mexican American veterans of World War II formed the American GI Forum, which supported legal challenges to discrimination.
Hernández v. Texas(1954)
• The Supreme Court ruled that excluding Mexican Americans from juries was illegal.
• Other minority groups later used the decision to help secure their legal rights.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
In 1966, César Chávez helped to form a labor union, the United Farm Workers (UFW).
Its goal was to win higher wages and decent working conditions for migrant laborers.
Many Mexican Americans were migrant workers who sought reform from their employers.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
When growers refused to recognize the UFW, Chávez organized a national boycott of California grapes.
By 1970, many Americans had stopped buying grapes.
Growers agreed to sign a contract with the union.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Mexican Americans organized campaigns to win greater rights.
In 1975 Congress amended the Voting Rights Act to require bilingual elections in areas with large numbers of people who speak languages other than English.
Other laws promoted bilingual education in public schools.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
In the 1960s, the National Congress of American Indians sent delegations to Washington to recover land, mineral, and water rights.
Native Americans also began to demand change.
For many years, they had been the poorest segment of the population.
Gradually, their efforts paid off.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
In 1973, armed members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) occupied Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
Some disagreed with AIM’s actions, but Native Americans began to show greater pride in their heritage.
They wanted to remind people of the unjust treatment of Native Americans.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
• More citizens had trouble paying for health care and insurance.
• Many employers enforced mandatory retirement at age 65.
• promote health insurance for retired Americans.
• lobby for programs such as Medicare.
• take a stand on issues affecting older Americans.
The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was founded in 1958 in order to:
Older Americans also faced significant challenges.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Maggie Kuhn founded the Gray Panthers to combat age discrimination.
The Gray Panthers gained national attention by staging a protest in Washington during a White House Conference on Aging.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Americans with disabilities also benefited from this period of reform.
Public accommodations were modified to include:•reserved parking spaces•ramped building entrances•wheelchair lifts•Braille buttons on elevators
The Americans with Disabilities Act outlawed discrimination in hiring people with disabilities.
The Education for the Handicapped Act of 1975 guaranteed a free education for all children with disabilities.
Chapter 26 Section 4
Other Americans Seek Rights
Section Review
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