discovering fiction
TRANSCRIPT
Professor: Mrs.Dastgerdi
By: Erfan Moradian
• Definitions
• Synonyms
• Examples
• Word Forms
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Preface
In this pamphlet you’ll learn more than 500 sentences and expressions and near 100 synonyms. As a person who experienced teaching English language nearly for 2 years, I have some learning tips for you, my dear friends:
1. DO NOT read the definitions only! Read the examples carefully and make sure you’ve fully understood them, and finally try to memorize them. This will help you increase your vocabulary circle and also help you get acquainted with different sentence structures.
2. Make your own sentences. This will help you remember the new words for many years.
3. DO NOT forget to check other forms of the words you’re trying to learn. In this way you’ll duplicate the number of the words you know.
And finally if you need extra examples and furthermore information, do not hesitate and contact me quickly:
Erfan Moradian
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In the name of god The compassionate, the merciful
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Contents Chapter 1…………………………………………….4
Chapter 2…………………………………………….7
Chapter 3……………………………………………10
Chapter 4……………………………………………13
Chapter 5……………………………………………17
Chapter 6……………………………………………20
Chapter 7…………………………………………..23
Chapter 8………………………………………….. 27
Chapter 9…………………………………………..32
Chapter 10………………………………………….36
Chapter 11………………………………………….39
Chapter 12………………………………………….42
Chapter 13………………………………………….46
Chapter 14………………………………………….49
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Chapter 1
Definitions & Examples: Wish: to want sth to happen or to be true even though it is unlikely or impossible I wish I were taller. ( I wish I was taller) I wish I hadn’t eaten so much. ‘Where is he now?’ ‘I only wish I knew!’ I wish you wouldn’t leave your clothes all over the floor. She really wished she’d stayed on at college. He sat by the phone, wishing it would ring.
Scare:
to frighten sb; to become frightened Syn: Frighten, terrify, afraid It scared me to think I was alone in the building. He doesn’t scare easily.
Sadness:
The feeling of being sad Syn: Unhappy, upset, depressing Memories tinged with sadness I felt a deep sadness. It is with great sadness that we report the death of James Banks yesterday.
Stupidity:
Behavior that shows a lack of thought or good judgment; the state or quality of being slow to learn and not clever or intelligent
Syn: Dumb, silly ,daft, foolish I couldn’t believe my own stupidity. The errors and stupidities of youth The police were astonished at the sheer stupidity of drivers in going so fast in the fog. He faked stupidity to try to escape punishment for the crime.
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Loud:
Making a lot of noise Syn: Noisy, crowdy Loud laughter a deafeningly loud bang She spoke in a very loud voice. That music’s too loud—please turn it down.
Smell:
The quality of sth that people and animals sense through their noses Syn: odor, scent A faint / strong smell of garlic A sweet / fresh / musty smell There was a smell of burning in the air. The smells from the kitchen filled the room.
Itch:
An uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch yourself To get / have an itch I itch all over. Does the rash itch? This sweater really itches.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Wish Wish Wishful Wishfully Scare Scare scared -
- Sadness Sad Sadly - Stupidity Stupid Stupidly - Loudness Loud Loudly
Smell Smell Smelly - Itch Itch Itchy -
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Chapter 2
Definitions & Examples: Reproach:
To blame or criticize sb for sth that they have done or not done, because you are disappointed in them; to feel guilty about sth that you think you should have done in a different way
Syn: Blame, accuse, discredit She was reproached by colleagues for leaking the story to the press. He reproached himself for not telling her the truth.
Pretend:
To behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true I’m tired of having to pretend all the time. Of course I was wrong; it would be hypocritical to pretend otherwise. He pretended to his family that everything was fine. We pretended (that) nothing had happened. She pretended (that) she was his niece. I pretended to be asleep. He pretended not to notice. She didn’t love him, though she pretended to. She pretended an interest she did not feel.
Pain:
To cause sb pain or make them unhappy; the feelings that you have in your body when you have been hurt or when you are ill/sick
Syn: Hurt, ache, injure She was deeply pained by the accusation. The wound still pained him occasionally. It pains me to see you like this. She was clearly in a lot of pain. You get more aches and pains as you get older. This cream should help to relieve the pain.
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Sleep:
To rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not active To sleep well / deeply / soundly / badly I couldn’t sleep because of the noise. I had to sleep on the sofa. I slept at my sister’s house last night. We both slept right through (= were not woken up by) the storm. We sometimes sleep late at the weekends (= until late in the morning).
Startle:
To surprise sb suddenly in a way that slightly shocks or frightens them Syn: Surprise, amaze I didn’t mean to startle you. The explosion startled the horse. I was startled by her question. It startled me to find her sitting in my office.
Intent:
What you intend to do Syn: Intention She denies possessing the drug with intent to supply. He was charged with wounding with intent. A letter / statement of intent His intent is clearly not to placate his critics.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Reproach Reproach Reproachful Reproachfully Pretend Pretence Pretend,Pretended Pretendedly
Pain Pain Painful Painfully Sleep Asleep sleepy Sleepily Startle Startle Startled, Startling startledly Intend Intent Intent, Intended Intently
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Chapter 3
Definitions & Examples: Dangle:
To hang or swing freely Syn: Hang, swing Gold charms dangled from her bracelet. A single light bulb dangled from the ceiling. His legs dangled over the side of the boat. He sat on the edge with his legs dangling over the side. She dangled her car keys nervously as she spoke.
Droop:
To bend, hang or move downwards, especially because of being weak or tired
The drooping branches of the apple tree She was so tired; her eyelids were beginning to droop. The plants were drooping from lack of water.
Thrust:
To push sth/sb suddenly or violently in a particular direction; to move quickly and suddenly in a particular direction
Syn: Plunge, jam He thrust the baby into my arms and ran off. She thrust her hands deep into her pockets. He tends to thrust himself forward too much. Her chin was thrust forward aggressively. She thrust past him angrily and left.
Drape:
To hang clothes, materials, etc. loosely on sb/sth She had a shawl draped around her shoulders. He draped his coat over the back of the chair. She draped a cover over the old sofa.
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Elegant:
Attractive and showing a good sense of style Syn: Stylish She was tall and elegant. an elegant dress
Abandon:
To leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning Syn: Leave, desert The baby had been abandoned by its mother. People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.
Pile:
To put things one on top of another; to form a pile Syn: Heap, Stack She piled the boxes one on top of the other. The clothes were piled high on the chair. Snow was piled up against the door.
Suspect:
To have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof
If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. I didn’t want the neighbors suspecting anything. I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me. I suspect (that) she might be lying. As I had suspected all along, he was not a real policeman.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Dangle Dangling - Droop Droop Droopy Droopily Thrust Thrust Thrusted - Drape Drapes Draped -
- Elegance Elegant Elegantly Abandon Abandon Abandoned -
Pile Pile Piled - Suspect Suspect Suspected,Suspect -
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Chapter 4
Definitions & Examples: Boast:
To talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can do I don’t want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages. She is always boasting about how wonderful her children are. He openly boasted of his skill as a burglar. Sam boasted that she could beat anyone at poker.
Complaint:
a reason for not being satisfied The most common complaint is about poor service. We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities. I believe you have a complaint against one of our nurses. I’d like to make a complaint about the noise. a complaint that he had been unfairly treated
Retire:
To stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill/sick
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health. He is retiring next year after 30 years with the company. My dream is to retire to a villa in France. He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine. The company’s official retiring age is 65. She was retired on medical grounds.
Limp:
To walk slowly or with difficulty because one leg is injured She had twisted her ankle and was limping. Matt limped painfully off the field.
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Direction:
The general position a person or thing moves or points towards Tom went off in the direction of home. She glanced in his direction. The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. The road was blocked in both directions. They hit a truck coming in the opposite direction. Has the wind changed direction? When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions. I lost all sense of direction (= I didn’t know which way to go).
Load:
To put a large quantity of things or people onto or into sth Syn: cargo, burden We loaded the car in ten minutes. Can you help me load the dishwasher? Men were loading up a truck with timber. Sacks were being loaded onto the truck. We finished loading and set off.
Delivery:
The act of taking goods, letters, etc. to the people they have been sent to Please pay for goods on delivery (= when you receive them). Allow 28 days for delivery. Is there a postal / mail delivery on Saturdays? When can you take delivery of (= be available to receive) the car? the delivery of public services
Excuse:
To forgive sb for sth that they have done, for example not being polite or making a small mistake
Syn: forgive, pardon Please excuse the mess. I hope you’ll excuse me for being so late. You must excuse my father—he’s not always that rude. You might be excused for thinking that Ben is in charge (= he is not, but it is an easy mistake to
make). Excuse my interrupting you.
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Skip:
To move forwards lightly and quickly making a little jump with each step She skipped happily along beside me. Lambs were skipping about in the fields.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Boast Boast Boastful Boastfully
Complain Complaint - Complainedly Retire Retirement Retired Retiredly Limp Limp Limp Limply Direct Direction Direct Directly Load -
Deliver Delivery Delivered - Excuse Excuse Excused -
Skip skip Skippable -
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Chapter 5
Definitions & Examples: Obey:
To do what you are told or expected to do To obey a command / an order / rules / the law He had always obeyed his parents without question. I tried to run but my legs just wouldn’t obey me. Sit down!’ Meekly, she obeyed.
Disappear:
To become impossible to see Syn: vanish The plane disappeared behind a cloud. Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view.
Feel:
To experience a particular feeling or emotion The heat made him feel faint. She sounded more confident than she felt. I was feeling guilty. You’ll feel better after a good night’s sleep. She felt betrayed. I feel sorry for him. How are you feeling today? I know exactly how you feel (= I feel sympathy for you). Luckily I was feeling in a good mood. He seemed to feel no remorse at all. Standing there on stage I felt a complete idiot. I felt like a complete idiot.
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Comfort:
To make sb who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them Syn: reassure, soothe The victim’s widow was today being comforted by family and friends. She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon be spring. It comforted her to feel his arms around her.
Threaten:
To say that you will cause trouble, hurt sb, etc. if you do not get what you want Syn: Intimidate They broke my windows and threatened me. The attacker threatened them with a gun. He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work. The threatened strike has been called off. The hijackers threatened to kill one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.
Silence:
To make sb/sth stop speaking or making a noise Syn: Quieten She silenced him with a glare. Our bombs silenced the enemy’s guns (= they destroyed them).
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Obey Obedience Obedient Obediently
Disappear Disappearance - - Feel Feeling Feeling Feelingly
Comfort Comfort Comfortable Comfortably Threaten Threaten Threatening Threateningly Silence Silence Silent Silently
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Chapter 6
Definitions & Examples: Tradition:
A belief, custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people
Syn : custom Religious / cultural, etc. traditions This region is steeped in tradition. The company has a long tradition of fine design. The British are said to love tradition (= to want to do things in the way they have always been
done). They broke with tradition (= did things differently) and got married quietly. By tradition, children play tricks on 1 April. There’s a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year’s Eve. He’s a politician in the tradition of (= similar in style to) Kennedy.
Proud:
Feeling pleased and satisfied about sth that you own or have done, or are connected with Proud parents The proud owner of a new car Your achievements are something to be proud of. He was proud of himself for not giving up. I feel very proud to be a part of the team. She was proud that her daughter had so much talent.
Shiver:
(Of a person) to shake slightly because you are cold, frightened, excited, etc. Syn: Tremble To shiver with cold / excitement / pleasure, etc. Don’t stand outside shivering—come inside and get warm! He shivered at the thought of the cold, dark sea.
Starvation:
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The state of suffering and death caused by having no food Syn: Hunger To die of / from starvation Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought. A starvation diet (= one in which you do not have much to eat) They were on starvation wages (= extremely low wages).
Discourage:
To try to prevent sth or to prevent sb from doing sth, especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it
Syn: Dishearten, demoralize A campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers I leave a light on when I’m out to discourage burglars. His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb - Tradition Traditional Traditionally - Pride Proud proudly
Shiver Shiver Shivery - Starve Starvation Starved -
Discourage Discouragement Discouraging Discouragingly
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Chapter 7
Definitions & Examples1: Write:
In some countries children don’t start learning to read and write until they are six. Please write in pen on both sides of the paper. I haven’t got anything to write with. Write your name at the top of the paper. The teacher wrote the answers on the board. The ‘b’ had been wrongly written as a ‘d’.
Mechanical:
Operated by power from an engine A mechanical device / toy / clock Mechanical parts
Learn:
Syn: Discover, memorize To learn a language / a musical instrument / a skill I learned a lot from my father. You can learn a great deal just from watching other players. She’s very keen to learn about Japanese culture. The book is about how children learn. He’s learning to dance. He’s still learning how to dance. Today we learnt how to use the new software.
1. As some of the words in this lesson are so easy, I just mentioned their examples.
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Progress:
The process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing sth To make progress Slow / steady / rapid / good progress We have made great progress in controlling inflation. Economic / scientific / technical progress They asked for a progress report on the project.
Disappointed:
Upset because sth you hoped for has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected
Syn: Down(exp) They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. I was disappointed by the quality of the wine. I’m disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you! I was very disappointed with myself. He was disappointed to see she wasn’t at the party. I’m disappointed (that) it was sold out. She was disappointed not to be chosen.
Hope:
We are hoping for good weather on Sunday. All we can do now is wait and hope. ‘Do you think it will rain?’ ‘I hope not.’ ‘Will you be back before dark?’ ‘I hope so, yes.’ The exam went better than I’d dared hope. I’ll see you next week, I hope. I hope (that) you’re okay. I can only hope (that) there has been some mistake. Detectives are hoping (that) witnesses will come forward. Let’s hope we can find a parking space. It is hoped that over £10 000 will be raised. She is hoping to win the gold medal. We hope to arrive around two. What had he hoped to achieve?
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Complete:
Syn: Fill in She’s just completed a master’s degree in Law. The project should be completed within a year.
Special:
Not ordinary or usual; different from what is normal Syn: Exceptional The school will only allow this in special circumstances. Some of the officials have special privileges. There is something special about this place. This type of wood needs special treatment.
Think:
Do you think (that) they’ll come? I thought I heard a scream. I didn’t think you liked sports. Am I right in thinking that you used to live here? I think this is their house, but I’m not sure. He ought to resign, I think. We’ll need about 20 chairs, I should think. It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth. What did you think about the idea? Well, I like it. What do you think? ‘Will we make it in time?’ ‘I think so.’ ‘Is he any good?’ ‘I don’t think so.’ I think it highly unlikely that I’ll get the job. She thought him kind and generous. He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Write Writing Written -
Mechanize Mechanism Mechanical Mechanically Learn Learning,Learner Learned,Learnt -
Progress Progress Progressive Progressively Disappoint Disappointment Disappointed Disappointedly
Hope Hope Hopeful Hopefully Complete Completion Complete Completely Specialize Specialty Special Specially
Think Think Thinkable Thinkably
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Chapter 8
Definitions & Examples: Beauty:
The quality of being pleasing to the senses or to the mind The beauty of the sunset / of poetry / of his singing A woman of great beauty The woods were designated an area of outstanding natural beauty. Beauty products / treatment (= intended to make a person more beautiful) The sheer beauty of the scenery took my breath away.
Graduate:
To get a degree, especially your first degree, from a university or college Only thirty students graduated in Chinese last year. She graduated from Harvard this year. He graduated from York with a degree in Psychology. Martha graduated from high school two years ago. The college graduated 50 students last year. She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.
Prosperous:
Rich and successful Syn: Affluent Prosperous countries Farmers are more prosperous in the south of the country.
Jealous:
Feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else; feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had sth that sb else has; wanting to keep or protect sth that you have because it makes you feel proud
Syn: Envious A jealous wife / husband He’s only talking to her to make you jealous. She’s jealous of my success. Children often feel jealous when a new baby arrives.
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They are very jealous of their good reputation (= they do not want to lose it).
Marriage:
The legal relationship between a husband and wife Happy / unhappy marriage All of her children’s marriages ended in divorce. an arranged marriage (= one in which the parents choose a husband or wife for their child) She has two children by a previous marriage. This is his second marriage. They don’t believe in marriage. My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage. Their marriage took place in a local church.
Final:
Being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statements, etc. His final act as party leader The referee blew the final whistle. The project is in its final stages. They find each other in the final chapter of the book. I’d like to return to the final point you made. No one could have predicted the final outcome. The judge’s decision is final. Who has the final say around here? I’ll give you $500 for it, and that’s my final offer! I’m not coming, and that’s final! (= I will not change my mind)
Grateful:
Feeling or showing thanks because sb has done sth kind for you or has done as you asked Syn: Thankful, appreciate I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help. We would be grateful for any information you can give us. She seems to think I should be grateful to have a job at all. He was grateful that she didn’t tell his parents about the incident. Grateful thanks are due to the following people for their help... Kate gave him a grateful smile.
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Ridiculous:
Very silly or unreasonable Syn: Absurd, ludicrous I look ridiculous in this hat. Don’t be ridiculous! You can’t pay £50 for a T-shirt! It was ridiculous that this should be so difficult to say. They ate and drank a ridiculous amount.
Expression:
Things that people say, write or do in order to show their feelings, opinions and ideas; A look on a person’s face that shows their thoughts or feelings; A word or phrase
Syn: look, phrase, term, idiom An expression of support Expressions of sympathy flooded in from all over the country. Freedom of expression (= freedom to say what you think) is a basic human right. The poet’s anger finds expression in (= is shown in) the last verse of the poem. The riots are the most serious expression of anti-government feeling yet. Only in his dreams does he give expression to his fears. Their frustration needs some form of expression.
Recurrent:
That happens again and again Recurrent infections Recurrent costs Poverty is a recurrent theme in her novels.
Scare:
To frighten sb; to become frightened Syn: Frighten, terrify It scared me to think I was alone in the building. He doesn’t scare easily.
Familiar:
Well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize To look / sound / taste familiar He’s a familiar figure in the neighborhood. The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery. Something about her voice was vaguely familiar.
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Violent attacks are becoming all too familiar (= sadly familiar). I couldn’t see any familiar faces in the room.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Beautify Beauty Beautiful Beautifully Graduate Graduate Graduate,Graduated - Prosper Prosperity Prosperous Prosperously
- Jealousy Jealous Jealously Marry Marriage Married -
Finalize Final Final Finally - Gratefulness Grateful Gratefully
Ridicule Ridicule Ridiculous Ridiculously Express Expression Expressionless Expressionlessly Recur Recurrence Recurrent Recurrently Scare Scare Scary, Scared -
Familiarize Familiarity Familiar Familiarly
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Chapter 9
Definitions & Examples: Eager:
Very interested and excited by sth that is going to happen or about sth that you want to do Syn: Keen, enthusiastic Eager crowds outside the stadium She is eager for (= wants very much to get) her parents' approval. Everyone in the class seemed eager to learn. They’re eager to please (= wanting to be helpful).
Murder:
The crime of killing sb deliberately Syn: Homicide He was found guilty of murder. She has been charged with the attempted murder of her husband. To commit (a) murder A murder case / investigation / trial The rebels were responsible for the mass murder of 400 civilians. What was the murder weapon? The play is a murder mystery. It’s murder trying to get to the airport at this time of day. It was murder (= very busy and unpleasant) in the office today.
Gentle:
Calm and kind; doing things in a quiet and careful way A quiet and gentle man A gentle voice / laugh / touch She was the gentlest of nurses. He lived in a gentler age than ours. Be gentle with her! She agreed to come, after a little gentle persuasion. He looks scary but he’s really a gentle giant.
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Shock:
A strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth happening, especially sth unpleasant; the event that causes this feeling; to surprise and upset sb
Syn: Horrify, appal, disgust, sicken, repel, revolt The news of my promotion came as a shock. He’s still in a state of shock. I got a terrible shock the other day. She still hadn’t got over the shock of seeing him again. If you think the job will be easy, you’re in for a shock. Losing in the first round was a shock to the system (= it was a more of a shock because it was
not expected). The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round. When I added up the cost it gave me quite a shock. It shocks you when something like that happens. We were all shocked at the news of his death. Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area. I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.
Surprise:
An event, a piece of news, etc. that is unexpected or that happens suddenly Syn: Startle, amaze, stun, astonish, astound, take sb back What a nice surprise! A surprise attack There are few surprises in this year’s budget. I have a surprise for you! It comes as no surprise to learn that they broke their promises. Her letter came as a complete surprise. There are lots of surprises in store for visitors to the gallery. Visitors to the gallery are in for a few surprises. Life’s full of surprises. She likes springing surprises on people.
Nervous:
Anxious about sth or afraid of sth Syn: Neurotic, edgy, jittery, on edge, nervy Consumers are very nervous about the future. He had been nervous about inviting us. The horse may be nervous of cars. I felt really nervous before the interview.
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A nervous glance / smile / voice (= one that shows that you feel anxious) By the time the police arrived, I was a nervous wreck.
Strange:
Unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to understand
Syn: Odd, weird, bizarre
A strange thing happened this morning. She was looking at me in a very strange way. It’s strange (that) we haven’t heard from him. It’s strange how childhood impressions linger. That’s strange—the front doors open. I’m looking forward to the exam, strange as it may seem. There was something strange about her eyes. Strange to say, I don’t really enjoy television. A strange city To wake up in a strange bed Never accept lifts from strange men. At first the place was strange to me.
Compassion:
A strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help them Syn: Sympathy To feel / show compassion She was known as a hard woman with no compassion, no emotion. In an overworked doctor, feelings of compassion are soon lost.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb - Eagerness Eager Eagerly
Murder Murder Murdered - - Gentleness Gentle Gently
Shock Shock Shocking Shockingly Surprise Surprise Surprising Surprisingly
- Nervous Nervous Nervously - Strangeness Strange Strangely - Compassion Compassionate Compassionately
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Chapter 10
Definitions & Examples: Nervous→ Check it at page
Eager→ Check it at page
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Reflection:
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An image in a mirror, on a shiny surface, on water, etc; a sign that shows the state or nature of sth
He admired his reflection in the mirror. The increase in crime is a sad reflection on (= shows sth bad about) our society today. She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. A week off would give him time for reflection.
Play:
To do things for pleasure, as children do; to enjoy yourself, rather than work A group of kids were playing with a ball in the street. You’ll have to play inside today. I haven’t got anybody to play with! There’s a time to work and a time to play. Let’s play a different game.
Celebrated:
Famous for having good qualities Syn: Famous, well-known, noted, star A celebrated painter One of Rodin’s most celebrated works
Crowd:
A large number of people gathered together in a public place, for example in the streets or at a sports game, a particular group of people
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He pushed his way through the crowd. A small crowd had gathered outside the church. Police had to break up the crowd. Crowds of people poured into the street. I want to get there early to avoid the crowds. The match attracted a capacity crowd of 80 000. The crowd cheered the winning hit. Crowd control Crowd trouble A whole crowd of us are going to the ball (= a lot of us). He left the hotel surrounded by crowds of journalists. Bob introduced her to some of the usual crowd (= people who often meet each other). The bright young theatrical crowd
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Reflect Reflection Reflective Reflectively
Play Play Playful, Playable Playfully Celebrate Celebrity Celebratory,celebrated -
Crowd Crowd Crowded -
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Chapter 11
Definitions & Examples: Obstinate:
Refusing to change your opinions, way of behaving, etc. Syn: stubborn He can be very obstinate when he wants to be! Her obstinate refusal to comply with their request. The obstinate problem of unemployment An obstinate stain
Magnificent:
Extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise Syn: splendid The Taj Mahal is a magnificent building. She looked magnificent in her wedding dress. You’ve all done a magnificent job.
Emphatic:
An emphatic statement, answer, etc. is given with force to show that it is important; (of a person) making it very clear what you mean by speaking with force
An emphatic denial / rejection He was emphatic that he could not work with her. She was equally emphatic about the importance of discipline.
Possessive:
Demanding total attention or love; not wanting sb to be independent; not liking to lend things or share things with others
Some parents are too possessive of their children. Jimmy’s very possessive about his toys.
Hopping:
Very lively or busy The clubs in town are really hopping.
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We thought we’d be hopping but business is terrible.
Hurl:
To throw sth/sb violently in a particular direction He hurled a brick through the window. He picked up the chair and hurled it across the room. Some demonstrators began hurling bricks at the police.
Stride:
To walk with long steps in a particular direction Syn: March We strode across the snowy fields. She came striding along to meet me.
Emerge:
To come out of a dark, confined or hidden place; to start to exist; to appear or become known Syn: Transpire The swimmer emerged from the lake. She finally emerged from her room at noon. We emerged into bright sunlight. He emerged from the shadows. After the elections opposition groups began to emerge. He emerged as a key figure in the campaign The emerging markets of South Asia
Burden:
To give sb a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work Syn: Load, duty, responsibility They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage. I don’t want to burden you with my worries. To be burdened by high taxation
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb - Obstinacy obstinate Obstinately - Magnificence Magnificent Magnificently
Emphasize Emphasis Emphatic Emphatically Possess Possession Possessive Possessively
Hop Hop Hopping - Hurl Hurling Hurled -
Stride Stride Strident Stridently Emerge Emergence Emergent - Burden Burden Burdensome -
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Chapter 12
Definitions & Examples: Criticize:
To say that you disapprove of sb/sth; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about sb/sth The decision was criticized by environmental groups. The government has been criticized for not taking the problem seriously. All you ever do is criticizing!
Consider:
To think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision She considered her options. Let us consider the facts. He was considering an appeal. A carefully considered response The company is being actively considered as a potential partner (= it is thought possible that it
could become one). We’re considering buying a new car. You wouldn’t consider marrying a man for his money, then? We need to consider how the law might be reformed. He was considering what to do next. I’d like some time to consider. This award is considered (to be) a great honor. He considers himself an expert on the subject. These workers are considered (as) a high-risk group. Who do you consider (to be) responsible for the accident? Consider yourself lucky you weren’t fired. She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion. The Home Secretary will release prisoners only if he considers it is safe to do so. He’s generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country.
Patient:
A person who is receiving medical treatment, especially in a hospital; able to wait for a long time or accept annoying behavior or difficulties without becoming angry
cancer patients She’s very patient with young children.
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You’ll just have to be patient and wait till I’m finished.
Silent:
Not speaking Syn: Quiet To remain / stay / keep silent They huddled together in silent groups. As the curtain rose, the audience fell silent. He gave me the silent treatment (= did not speak to me because he was angry). At last the traffic fell silent. The streets were silent and deserted.
Fragrance:
A pleasant smell; a liquid that you put on your skin in order to make yourself smell nice Syn: perfume The bath oil comes in various fragrances. The flowers are chosen for their delicate fragrance. An exciting new fragrance from Dior They are about to launch their first fragrance for men.
Bright:
Full of light; shining strongly; cheerful and lively Syn: vibrant, vivid, luminous, fluorescent, brilliant Bright light / sunshine A bright room Her eyes were bright with tears. I like bright colors. A bright yellow dress Jack’s face turned bright red. A bright morning (= with the sun shining) His eyes were bright and excited. She gave me a bright smile. Why are you so bright and cheerful today? His face was bright with excitement.
Anxiety:
The state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen; a worry or fear about sth
Acute / intense / deep anxiety
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Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety. Waiting for exam results is a time of great anxiety. If you’re worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor.
Bankruptcy:
The state of being bankrupt Syn: insolvency The company filed for bankruptcy (= asked to be officially bankrupt) in 2003. Moral / political bankruptcy There could be further bankruptcies among small farmers.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Criticize Criticism Criticized,Criticizing Criticizingly Consider Consideration Considerable Considerably
- Patience Patient Patiently Silence Silence Silent Silently
- Fragrance Fragrant Fragrantly Brighten Brightness Bright brightly
- Anxiety Anxious Anxiously Bankrupt Bankruptcy Bankrupt -
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Chapter 13
Definitions & Examples: Length:
The size or measurement of sth from one end to the other; the amount of time that sth lasts This room is twice the length of the kitchen. The river is 300 miles in length. The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm. He ran the entire length of the beach (= from one end to the other). Did you see the length of his hair? We discussed shortening the length of the course. He was disgusted at the length of time he had to wait. She got a headache if she had to read for any length of time (= for a long time). Size of pension depends partly on length of service with the company. Each class is 45 minutes in length.
Insult:
To say or do sth that offends sb I have never been so insulted in my life! She felt insulted by the low offer. You insult my intelligence (= you are treating me as if I am stupid)! The crowd was shouting insults at the police. His comments were seen as an insult to the president. The questions were an insult to our intelligence (= too easy).
Terrible:
Very unpleasant; making you feel very unhappy, upset or frightened Syn: awful, horrible, dreadful, vile, foul A terrible experience What terrible news! I’ve just had a terrible thought. It was a terrible thing to happen to someone so young. That’s a terrible thing to say! He had suffered terrible injuries. I’ll have to stay with her—she’s in a terrible state. I feel terrible—I think I’ll go to bed.
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You look terrible, you’d better sit down. a terrible meal Your driving is terrible! a terrible mistake to be in terrible pain The room was in a terrible mess. I had a terrible job (= it was very difficult) to persuade her to come. You’ll be in terrible trouble if you’re late again.
Eager→ Check it at page
Mean:
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Not willing to give or share things, especially money; unkind, for example by not letting sb have or do sth; unkind, for example by not letting sb have or do sth
Syn: Stingy, average, poor, cruel She’s always been mean with money. Don’t be so mean to your little brother! That’s a mean-looking dog.
Swift:
Happening or done quickly and immediately; doing sth quickly; moving very quickly; able to move very quickly
Syn: quick, fast swift action a swift decision He rose to his feet in one swift movement. The White House was swift to deny the rumors.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Lengthen Length Long -
Insult Insult Insulting Insultingly - Terribleness Terrible Terribly - Eagerness Eager Eagerly - Meanness Mean Meanly - Swiftness Swift Swiftly
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Chapter 14
Definitions & Examples: Defiance:
Open refusal to obey sb/sth A look / an act / a gesture of defiance Nuclear testing was resumed in defiance of an international ban. He is fighting for a second term and claims the support of other key nations in defiance of the
Clinton administration. I had gone against their wishes in a public expression of defiance. Lee saw Anthea's eyes glittering blackly in the dancing candlelight, her chin drawn up in defiance
or outrage. Now that Luke no longer wanted her, he wouldn't care about anything she did, so no action of
hers constituted defiance. Over time, the AK-47 rose above its use as a weapon to become a symbol of defiance and
liberation. She tries to work up a kind of defiance, an attitude. That act of defiance warmed her even now, just thinking of it.
Glow:
A dull steady light, especially from a fire that has stopped producing flames The city was just a red glow on the horizon. There was no light except for the occasional glow of a cigarette.
Radiant:
Showing great happiness, love or health; giving a warm bright light A radiant smile The bride looked radiant. She was radiant with health. The sun was radiant in a clear blue sky.
Agitated:
Showing in your behavior that you are anxious and nervous
Calm down! Don’t get so agitated.
Amanda was getting visibly agitated.
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Insolent:
Extremely rude and showing a lack of respect Syn: disrespectful, rude An insolent child / smile An insolent tone of voice Although she didn't actually say anything offensive, her expression was sulky, insolent, and
hostile. Joe was disciplined for being insolent toward the teacher. The band is known for their insolent attitude.
Perceive:
To notice or become aware of sth; to understand or think of sb/sth in a particular way Syn: see, notice, observe I perceived a change in his behavior. She perceived that all was not well. The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing. This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. She did not perceive herself as disabled. A science degree and artistic interests are often perceived as incompatible. They were widely perceived to have been unlucky.
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Word Forms:
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Defy Defiance Defiant Defiantly Glow Glow Glowing Glowingly
Radiate Radiation Radiant Radiantly Agitate Agitation Agitated Agitatedly
- Insolence Insolent Insolently Perceive Perception Perceptive Perceptively
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References
OxfOrd advanced Learner's
dictiOnary
LOnGMan dictiOnary Of
cOnteMPOrary enGLish
caMbridGe advanced Learner’s
dictiOnary