disease management for organic strawberries: 1. foliar and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Disease Management for
Organic Strawberries:
1. Foliar and Fruit Problems
Steven T. Koike
University of California
Cooperative Extension
Monterey County
![Page 2: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Foliar Fruit
• Angular leaf spot
• Anthracnose
• Common lf spot
• Phomopsis lf bl.
• Leaf blotch
• Powdery mildew
• Gray mold
• Anthracnose
• Rhizopus rot
• Mucor rot
• Leather rot
• Powdery mildew
![Page 3: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Gray mold
• (Anthracnose)
• Rhizopus rot
• Mucor rot
• Leather rot
• Powdery mildew
• Angular leaf spot
• Anthracnose
• Common lf spot
• Phomopsis lf bl.
• Leaf blotch
• Powdery mildew
Foliar Fruit
![Page 4: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Limited Management Choices
• Resistant cultivars: lacking
• Exclusion: helps with a few diseases
• Spray materials: most partially
effective (exception: sulfur for pm)
• Cultural practices: helpful
![Page 8: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Resistance
• True genetic resistance: lacking
• Differential susceptibility
• Simulated resistance/tolerance
– Environmental factors
– Plant architecture
![Page 9: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Relative susceptibility of strawberry
cvs. to powdery mildew
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
% leaf areainfected
(Nelson et al. 1996)
![Page 10: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Exclusion
• Exclusion = do not bring the problem
into the field.
– Plant “disease free” transplants
– Plant “pathogen free” transplants
– Avoid bringing in infested soil
![Page 12: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Spray Materials
• Inorganics
– Sulfur, copper, bicarbonates
• Organics
– Oils, plant extracts, compost extracts
• Microbials
– Biocontrol agents, antagonists
![Page 13: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cultural Practices
• Crop rotation
• Site selection (microclimate)
• Sanitation
• Drip irrigation
• Plant density considerations
• Other
![Page 14: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Disease Management for
Organic Strawberries:
2. Soilborne Problems
Steven T. Koike
University of California
Cooperative Extension
Monterey County
![Page 15: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Soilborne Pathogens
• Major pathogens
– Verticillium
– Phytophthora
– Colletotrichum
• Minor pathogens
– Rhizoctonia
– Cylindrocarpon
– Macrophomina *
– others
![Page 16: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Verticillium
wilt
![Page 17: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Phytophthora
root and crown
rot / fruit rot
![Page 18: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Macrophomina
phaseolina
![Page 19: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Strawberry as a Host
• Perennials: slow growing and
exposed to pathogens for a long time
• Transplants: exposed at trans. stage
• Undergoes prolonged physiological
stress during fruiting
• No completely resistant cultivars
• Some differences in susceptibility
![Page 20: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Soilborne Pathogens
• Persistent, long term residents in soil
• Survive without a strawberry host
• Populations slowly decline in
absence of host
• Different strains may exist
• Live in complex ecological systems
![Page 21: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Managing Soilborne Problems
• Site selection: avoid problems
• Exclusion: transplants, infested soil
• Crop rotation
• Use less susceptible cultivars
• Proper cultural practices
• Biofumigation: broccoli rotation
![Page 22: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Verticillium Host Ranges
V. source lettuce strawb pepper cauliflower
lettuce ++++ +++ + 0
strawberry +++ ++++ + +
pepper + + ++++ +
pepper* +++ +++ ++++ +
cauliflower 0 + + ++++
+++/++++ = very good host
+ = not a very good host
0 = not a host
* = unusual pepper isolate
![Page 24: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Field Context Case Study
Pepp
yes
Straw
yes
Spin
no
Straw
yes
Lett
yes
Straw
no
Straw
yesStraw
no
Straw
no
Caul
noA
Brocc
no
Brocc
no
Pepp
no
Lett
no
Caul
yes
Caul
yes
Previous
Vert y/n?
B
![Page 26: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Field Context Case Study
Pepp
yes
Straw
yes
Spin
no
Straw
yes
Lett
yes
Straw
no
Straw
yesStraw
no
Straw
no
Caul
noA
Brocc
no
Brocc
no
Pepp
no
Lett
no
Caul
yes
Caul
yes
Previous
Vert y/n?
B
![Page 27: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
V V V V S S S S V V V S S S
Mic
ros
lero
tia
g-1
so
il
BRL BSP LET
4/22/97 1/22/98 8/8/00
BRL= Broccoli, BSP=Brussels sprouts, LET=Lettuce
Soil samples taken during the course of the study in different rotation
treatments
V=Vegetable, S=Strawberry
Means with same letter are not significantly different at P<0.05, n=30
a
a
a
a
b
c
Crop rotation effects on Verticillium in soil
![Page 29: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4-Ju
n
11-J
un
18-J
un
25-J
un
2-Ju
l
9-Ju
l
16-J
ul
23-J
ul
30-J
ul
6-Aug
Dates of disease rating
Wil
t severi
ty
Broccoli
Lettuce
Organic
Crop rotation effects on Verticillium wilt
severity of strawberry
![Page 30: Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and ...cesantabarbara.ucanr.edu/files/75432.pdf · Disease Management for Organic Strawberries: 1. Foliar and Fruit Problems](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060210/5f0491ee7e708231d40e9f6c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
USDA