Assignment TitleAssignment Title:-:-. .

Diseases of CucumberDiseases of Cucumber..

Presented by,Presented by,

Dinesh DalvaniyaDinesh Dalvaniya

Mob. No: 09574031169Mob. No: 09574031169

Email Id: dineshdalvaniyaEmail Id: dineshdalvaniya

@ymail.com@ymail.com

1) Anthracnose1) AnthracnoseCausal organismCausal organism:- :- Colletotrichum lagenariumColletotrichum lagenariumSymptoms:- Symptoms:- The disease attacks all above-ground parts of The disease attacks all above-ground parts of cucumber, melon, and watermeloncucumber, melon, and watermelonFirst symptoms usually appear on older leaves as small First symptoms usually appear on older leaves as small yellowish circular spotsyellowish circular spotsIn warm, wet weather all the leaves may be rapidly In warm, wet weather all the leaves may be rapidly attacked, giving the planting a "burned-out" appearanceattacked, giving the planting a "burned-out" appearanceStems and petioles are also attacked, and light brown to Stems and petioles are also attacked, and light brown to black streaks develop.black streaks develop.Circular, sunken, water-soaked spots develop on the Circular, sunken, water-soaked spots develop on the fruit. These spots turn dark green to brownfruit. These spots turn dark green to brown..

Anthracnose Affected leaves

Life Cycle of Anthracnose

Management Management Preventive measures are important, including use of Preventive measures are important, including use of

good quality seed and crop rotation.good quality seed and crop rotation. Chemical methods:-Chemical methods:- Anthracnose control is difficult once the disease is Anthracnose control is difficult once the disease is

seriousserious The fungicides benomyl and chlorothalonil (Ortho The fungicides benomyl and chlorothalonil (Ortho

Multi-Purpose Fungicide Daconil 2787) help to Multi-Purpose Fungicide Daconil 2787) help to control the disease, but must be applied at the first control the disease, but must be applied at the first sign of disease or as a preventive.sign of disease or as a preventive.

Anthracnose fruting bodys Anthracnose factsAnthracnose fruting bodys Anthracnose facts Seed born Seed born Above Ground part infectionAbove Ground part infection Spore splashes cause secondary Spred.Spore splashes cause secondary Spred. Resistant variety – Good methodResistant variety – Good method Fungicides on sensitive varieties.Fungicides on sensitive varieties.

2) Bacterial Wilt2) Bacterial Wilt Causal OrganismCausal Organism:- :- Erwinia tracheiphilaErwinia tracheiphila SymptomsSymptoms The bacteria invade the vascular (water conducting) The bacteria invade the vascular (water conducting)

tissues of cucumber and melon plants, causing a rapid tissues of cucumber and melon plants, causing a rapid wilt of the plant.wilt of the plant.

Progressive wilting occurs, beginning with a single leaf Progressive wilting occurs, beginning with a single leaf but soon including the entire plantbut soon including the entire plant

The bacterial wilt organism produces a sticky substance The bacterial wilt organism produces a sticky substance in the vascular tissues that plugs them, preventing the in the vascular tissues that plugs them, preventing the transport of watertransport of water

The bacterial wilt organism produces a sticky substance The bacterial wilt organism produces a sticky substance in the vascular tissues that plugs them, preventing the in the vascular tissues that plugs them, preventing the transport of watertransport of water

These droplets, after drying for several minutes, will These droplets, after drying for several minutes, will adhere to the skin if a finger is placed on the stem's cut adhere to the skin if a finger is placed on the stem's cut end and slowly removedend and slowly removed

Fig:- Bacterial WiltFig:- Bacterial Wilt

Management :-Management :- Mechanical Methods Mechanical Methods

Use resistance varieties.Use resistance varieties. Promptly pull up and destroy diseased plantsPromptly pull up and destroy diseased plants Begin control early, as cucumber beetles may Begin control early, as cucumber beetles may

attack as soon as plants emerge from the soil.attack as soon as plants emerge from the soil. Select less susceptible varieties.Select less susceptible varieties. Apply Admire at planting.Apply Admire at planting. Foliar insecticides may be needed if beetle Foliar insecticides may be needed if beetle

counts are above 1 beetle/plant, wilt is counts are above 1 beetle/plant, wilt is developing, and the variety is highly susceptible.developing, and the variety is highly susceptible.

3)Powdery Mildew3)Powdery Mildew Causal OrganismCausal Organism:-:- Erysiphe cichoracearumErysiphe cichoracearum Symptoms:-Symptoms:- It is common on cucumber, melon, squash, pumpkin and It is common on cucumber, melon, squash, pumpkin and

watermelon. Powdery white spots develop on the upper watermelon. Powdery white spots develop on the upper surfaces of older leaves, usually beginning at mid-season or surfaces of older leaves, usually beginning at mid-season or laterlater

During hot, dry weather the disease can progress rapidly, During hot, dry weather the disease can progress rapidly, and the upper surfaces of leaves may develop a white and the upper surfaces of leaves may develop a white powdery appearancepowdery appearance

Severe powdery mildew causes the leaves to turn yellow Severe powdery mildew causes the leaves to turn yellow and wither.and wither.

Fruits are not infected, except for watermelon which is Fruits are not infected, except for watermelon which is occasionally infected, but fruits may be distorted or sun-occasionally infected, but fruits may be distorted or sun-burned due to loss of shading leavesburned due to loss of shading leaves

Powdery mildew on Cucumber leaf.

Favourable Condition Favourable Condition Less than 60% hot humidity is favourable.Less than 60% hot humidity is favourable. Management:-Management:- Chemical TreatmentChemical Treatment Powdery mildew may be controlled with benomyl, Powdery mildew may be controlled with benomyl,

chlorothalonil (Ortho Multi-Purpose Fungicide chlorothalonil (Ortho Multi-Purpose Fungicide Daconil 2787), or dinocap (Karathane) fungicide Daconil 2787), or dinocap (Karathane) fungicide sprays. sprays.

Apply the first spray as soon as the disease appearsApply the first spray as soon as the disease appears Latest chemicals:-Topase @1ml/1lit. Of water spray. Latest chemicals:-Topase @1ml/1lit. Of water spray.

4) Mosaic4) Mosaic Causal OrganismCausal Organism:- Cucumber mosaic virus and :- Cucumber mosaic virus and

squash mosaic virussquash mosaic virus Symptoms:-Symptoms:- Leaves are small and puckered, and plants become Leaves are small and puckered, and plants become

severely stunted.severely stunted. Cucumber mosaic is very commonCucumber mosaic is very common In addition to the mosaic pattern the edges of the In addition to the mosaic pattern the edges of the

leaves turn down, and the knobs on the fruits are light leaves turn down, and the knobs on the fruits are light yellowyellow

The cucumber mosaic virus is transmitted from plant The cucumber mosaic virus is transmitted from plant to plant by several different kinds of to plant by several different kinds of aphids.aphids.

Cucumber mosaic is readily transmitted mechanically Cucumber mosaic is readily transmitted mechanically on the hands of workers in the cucurbit patch and by on the hands of workers in the cucurbit patch and by aphids.aphids.

Management :-Management :- Cultural ControlCultural Control Mosaic diseases are managed by using good quality Mosaic diseases are managed by using good quality

seed and by controlling aphids and cucumber beetles seed and by controlling aphids and cucumber beetles throughout the season.throughout the season.

Use Mosaic disease resistance variety seed for Use Mosaic disease resistance variety seed for sowing.sowing.

Remove alternate host of aphids.Remove alternate host of aphids. Do not plant cucurbits near woods, brushy areas, or Do not plant cucurbits near woods, brushy areas, or

other areas that are weedy. Control all weeds, other areas that are weedy. Control all weeds, especially perennial weedsespecially perennial weeds

Chemical ControlChemical Control Diazinon can be used for aphid and beetle control. Diazinon can be used for aphid and beetle control.

Carbaryl (Sevin) and methoxychlor will also provide Carbaryl (Sevin) and methoxychlor will also provide beetle controlbeetle control

Use care in applying insecticides to tender young Use care in applying insecticides to tender young cucurbit plants, as they are easily injuredcucurbit plants, as they are easily injured

Also use of Immedachloprid-17.8%SL.@ 7 ml./10 Also use of Immedachloprid-17.8%SL.@ 7 ml./10 lit.water.lit.water.

Regent @ 7 ml./10 lit.water. Regent @ 7 ml./10 lit.water.

5) Root knot Nematode5) Root knot Nematode Casual OrganismCasual Organism::--Meloidogyne sppMeloidogyne spp.. Symptoms Symptoms :- :- The root knot nematodes cause The root knot nematodes cause

sever galling on cucumber roots.sever galling on cucumber roots.

Root knot nematode infected root.

Management methodsManagement methods Physical MethodsPhysical Methods:- The most important nematode pest :- The most important nematode pest

controlled by greenhouse steaming are root -knot controlled by greenhouse steaming are root -knot nematodes attacking cucumbers.nematodes attacking cucumbers.

Chemical MethodsChemical Methods :-Drill application of carbofuran at :-Drill application of carbofuran at 1.5 kg a.i./ha below the seed level reduce the 1.5 kg a.i./ha below the seed level reduce the incidence of incidence of Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognita in in cucumbitaceous.cucumbitaceous.

   Integrated MethodsIntegrated Methods :- Combine inoculation of :- Combine inoculation of

AMFand AMFand Pseudomonas fluorescenshad Pseudomonas fluorescenshad had had possitiveeffect on root-knot nematode control on possitiveeffect on root-knot nematode control on cucumber(Jakobsen,1999).cucumber(Jakobsen,1999).

Thank you.