disinfection with ultraviolet light: callum peck – market manager / industrial - oceania ahsca wa...
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Disinfection with Ultraviolet Light:Callum Peck – Market Manager / Industrial - Oceania
AHSCA WA CHAPTER Information Evening Wednesday 22 July 2015
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APPLICATIONS
• Drinking water • Cooling Towers (Legionella)• Pools – Reduce Chloramines / Smell• Water Features• Ice Makers
How does it work ?
• UVA: 315 - 400 nm • UVB: 280 - 315 nm • UVC: 200 – 280 nm • Vacuum UV: 100 – 200 nm
sun tanvitamin D – Tasty vegetables
germicidalOzone production
Inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms due to photo-oxidation of DNA
Effects of UV irradiation on DNA
Di m e r
D i m e r
UV-light h•v
The Mechanism – UV Disinfection
UV produce Dimers between Thymine bases;
Stop Enzymes from working
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Common Pathogens
Kind
ColiformsSalmonellaVibrioLegionella
Hep APolioRotavirusAdenovirus
Group
BACTERIA
VIRUSES
Disease
DiarrhoaeFever, intestinal diseaseTyphoid fever, CholeraPneumoniaLegionaires disease
HepatitisPolioFever
GiardiaCryptosporidiumAmoeba
PROTOZOA (PARASITES)
Intestinal diseaseAmebiasis
Common pathogens in drinking and wastewater
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Is UV effective?
Facts :
Bacteria : Complete inactivation can be achieved by Chlorine, Chlorimines, UV
Viruses : Chlorine, UV , Ozone : 4 Log
Cryptosporidium : UV : 4 Log Ozone : 0.5 – 2 log Chlorine dioxide
0.5-1 log Chlorine :
ineffective
Key Differences between UV and Chlorine
Advantages UV versus Chlorine
• No by-products (low pressure lamps) • No change in taste and odour.• You cannot overdose UV.• Low dose required for Crypto, Giardia and Legionella• Better for the environment
Disadvantages UV versus Chlorine
• No residual left – contamination after UV will not be treated • Some viruses need a high UV dose
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Australian Drinking Water Targets (2011 report)
Dose/Ct1 Log reductions
Virus Bacteria Protozoa
Coagulation, sedimentation and filtration
1 1 3
Slow sand filtration 2 2 3
Coagulation and microfiltration
2 3 3
Ultrafiltration 2 3 3
Chlorine 10 mg.min/L 2 4 0
20 mg.min/L 4 4 0
UV light 55 mJ/cm2 1 4 4
110 mJ/cm2 2 4 4
1 Log = 90% 2 Log = 99% 3 Log = 99.9% 4 Log = 99.99%
Can UV Replace Chlorine ?
Both are useful for water treatment
• When UV is installed at the point of use for immediate consumption (rain water tank, inlet of a house, irrigation) chlorination is either not required or reduced.
• When water shall be distributed in pipelines ( township for example) , to avoid a potential recontamination after UV, a chlorine residual is required.
Where to install UV if I also need chlorination?
• UV shall preferably be installed BEFORE Chlorination • To avoid chlorinated compounds to stick on the UV system• To prevent partial chlorine destruction by UV.
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1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm
90% 81% 73% 65% 60% 60%100%
UV Transmission
The UVT is the available UV light after part of the light has been absorbed by water – Expressed in %
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Typical Values For UV Transmission
Type of water Typical UV transmittance(1 cm) @ 254 nm
Ultrapure water ≥ 98%
Drinking water – Rinse water 75 – 96%
Rainwater 70 – 90%
Stormwater harversting 40 – 65%
Treated wastewater : Secondary treated effluentPrimary treated effluent
45 – 60%20 – 45%
Water Corporation design standard
80%
Most manufacturers indicate a flow based on a UVT of 98% This UVT is not to WA standards
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UV Dose – What protocol shall I consider ?
Standard Calculated (PSS) dose
• No third party verification • Open the door to any supplier (ex: non validated Chinese reactor with Russian lamps)
ONORM – DVGW validated units
• Drinking water only • All serious manufacturers have a range of ONORM – DVGW certified reactors ( Validation required by Water Corporation)
USEPA 2006 validated units
• Drinking and recycled water • The USEPA recommend doses for Crypto , Giardia and Virus (Validation required by Water Corporation )
AHSCA
INFORMATION NIGHT
ADVANCED PUMP TECHNOLOGIES (APT)
ADRIAN NICHOLAS – BDM COMMERCIAL BUILDING SERVICES
July 2015
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Pumps are stupid
Pumps don’t know flow…Pumps don’t know pressure… Pumps don’t know temperature…
They deliver as much flow as they can based on the system characteristics.
Attention
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Q
H
System Curve
= operating point
H = HeightQ = Flow
Q
H
Pump Curve
If a pump is working with full speed in a plant, the working point at maximum flow is the intersection of the pump curve and the plant curves. If a lower flow is required, you can use different methods.
Q
H
Basic pumping curves
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P= 8,5 x 11,8 x 73 = 73 100P=13,4x7 = 93,8
Conventional control methods
throttle control bypass operation ON/OFF operation
Intelligent Pumps– Saving Energy
Control mode is the way the variable speed is controlled in the application
• The advantage of a frequency converter is that we can control the speed of the pump in an intelligent way, such that the speed corresponds to the actual demand in the application.
• The actual demand or control method could be: – Constant Pressure– Constant differential pressure– Proportional pressure– Proportional differential pressure– Constant flow– Constant temperature
The advantage of the frequency converter is that it can make a fixed speed pump into a variable speed pump with optimum performance in all duty points. Example:
QH curve, variable speed pump
Example: Constant pressure
Intelligent Pumps – Saving Energy
Control modes
Open loopOr constant curve
Constant pressureConstant differential pressure
Constant pressure with stop Proportional differential pressure
Constant flow Constant levelConstant temperature
Intelligent Pumps– Saving Energy
An example: Fixed Speed Pump
• A fixed speed water supply pump has a Hnom = 3 bar at Qnom
• The flow has to be controlled by a throttle valve• By reduced flow the pressure will increase to more than 5 bar
Required pressure = 3 bar
Q
H
Reduced flow
Fixed speed
Pressure at Fixed speed pump solution
= 5 barExcesspressure
System
Nominal flow Qnom
The advantage of a frequency converter
INTELLIGENT PUMPS – Saving Energy
An example: Constant pressure control• A speed controlled pump automatically adapt the pump performance to the actual need. • The flow is reduced by lowering the speed of the pump• The pressure is constant 3 bar
Variable speed
Freq.conv.
M
PIController
Set point
Senso
r
Required pressure = 3 bar
Q
H
Reduced flow
Fixed speed
Pressure at Fixed speed pump solution
= 5 barExcesspressure
System
Nominal flow Qnom
Pressure at Variable speed pump solution = 3
bar
The advantage of a frequency converter
INTELLIGENT PUMPS – Saving Energy
1.34 kW
0.43 kW
An exampleIf the pump is a ESV 5-8With Hydrovar VSD:
By reduced flow the power consumption isreduced with 43%!
0.75 kWReduced with 43%
The advantage of a frequency converterESV 5-8
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this savings are possible because of fundamental rules for centrifugal pumps.
the reduction of the speed provides:
u a lowering of the flow acc. to the linear functionu a reduction of the head according to a quadratic functionu and a reduction of the power consumption acc. to a cubic function!
compared with other common control systems like bypass valves, reduction valves or interrupted operation the speed reduction provides significant energy savings at partial load
Fundamental rules – affinity laws
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BANG !• to avoid water hammer which occur during
stopping of a full speed pump
Pressurein pipe
Direct on-line Start
Switch-Off time
Full speed
Speed controlled
Repeated pressure spikes reduces the lifetime of a system
The soft start and stop of a speed controlled pump avoids pressure peaks and prevents pipe fractures
Reduction of maintenance costs
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• Lowering of the noise of the pump and in the system at reduced speed
Other advantages of operating a pump at reduced speed
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General arrangement of a speed controlled pump system
Pump
VFD(power part)
Power supply (50Hz)
Sensor (P.T.)
Pump specificsoftware(control part)
Controller(control part)
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VFD totally enclosed IP55
Control by microprocessor designed for pump
applications
Centrifugal pump
Sensors for actual value
Integrated drive: all components – one unit
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HYDROVAR: what is the difference?
HYDROVAR is not only a simple speed controller which can be mounted directly onto the pump.
HYDROVAR means more than that – it is an intelligent pump control system that manages the motor speed and match pump performance to a range of hot and cold water applications.
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Simple mounting
HYDROVAR – Installation
Thanks to the very simple mounting method by using the 4 mounting clamps, a very fast and easy mounting is possible also for existing pump stations (retrofit market)!
The Hydrovar can be mounted and installed on each standard three-phase asynchronous motor!
APT Hydro-Boost VSD Options
HydroBoost -GHVHYDROVARMotor-Mounted VSD.Limited to 22kW.Up to 6 pumps.
HydroBoost -GVTouch Screen HMIExternal-Mounted VSD.Unlimited kW.Up to 6 pumps.1 x VFD or ALL x VFD
HydroBoost -GSSM30 HMIDOL or Soft-Starting.Unlimited kW.Up to 3 pumps.
APT take raw pumps and package into Complete Solutions.
PACKAGE TYPES
• Potable Water Packages
• Irrigation Packages
• Wastewater Pump stations
• HVAC Packages
• Raw Water Supply Packages
• Fire Pump Packages
MARKET TYPES
• Building Services Hydraulic Specification
• Water Corporation Specifications
• Mining Specifications
• Irrigation Specifications
Our Local “Value-Add” Capabilities
Designed
& Built in
WA
Thank you
Any Questions?
PLEASE VISIT
www.buildings.xylem.com
www.advancedpumps.com.au
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