Disk Fragmentation:

Ways to Beat It!

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In fragmentation, files in a system are divided into scattered pieces of memory chunks across the RAM of the disk.

It occurs automatically when the system is used for creation, deletion and modification of files.

Sometimes, the operating system needs time to store portions of the file into noncontiguous clusters. This is invisible to our eyes, but it slows down data access speeds so that the disk drive searches through various parts of the disk which can be combined as one file.

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Fragmentation “is a phenomenon of computer storage where space is

inefficiently used and the capacity or performance gets reduced.”

Fragmentation causes wastage of storage space.

Consequences of fragmentation depend on the following:Specific system of storage allocation Type or form of fragmentation encountered

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External fragmentation“When the random access memory or RAM has small, unused holes scattered throughout it, it is given this name.

Internal fragmentationIt is prevalent with the modern operating systems. They use a paging scheme which has made this problem very common.

Data fragmentation

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It occurs when a collection of data within the memory gets broken down into several pieces. These might be placed close together and it leads to the insertion of large objects into storage spaces which have already undergone external fragmentation.

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As a matter of fact, memory fragmentation occurs with time.

As and when memory gets allocated and released by programs, it keeps rolling out.

Gradually, system’s memory becomes highly fragmented.

Eventually Windows runs out of free memory.

So programs are no longer left with enough memory to function properly

Sometimes these programs do not open. Some applications start running slowly.

You might encounter a system crash in such a scenario.

If it is frequent, then your hard disk is screwed!

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Creation, deletion and file downloads in a computer reduces its ability to store data as a single unit. Besides this splits up and is restored as pieces across multiple drives in several locations.

As a matter of fact, any fragmented hard drive comprises of large amount of scattered data. This significantly slows down PC performance because such files take a long time to open. No wonder that programs take a longer time to start.

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Sometimes allocator leaves extra space empty inside a block of memory which is allocated to a client.

This happens when processor design stipulates memory division into sizable blocks.

Some blocks require even division in the form of four, eight or 16 bytes.

In total, a client requires 57 bytes of memory.

These are allocated to a block containing 60 to 64bytes of data.

Extra bytes get wasted and with time, tiny chunks of unused memory are built up to create large quantities of memory.

These are put to use by the allocator.

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These are allocated to a block containing 60 to 64bytes of data.

Extra bytes get wasted and with time, tiny chunks of unused memory are built up to create large quantities of memory.

These are put to use by the allocator.

Such useless bytes are further put inside large memory blocks, and this leads to internal fragmentation.

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Sometimes memory allocator leaves unused memory blocks between allocated memory portions.

In case memory blocks get allocated continuously, then the middle block gets freed.

Here, a block of memory stops running and the free block gets fragmented.

Sometimes the block becomes available for use by the allocator.

In case there memory is needed, it fits in that block.

This makes the block unusable for larger memory needs.

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Further, it is lumped back with total free memory available.

The total system memory has to be contiguous. Only then it will be useable for larger tasks.

Sometimes, entire sections of free memory become isolated which is smaller for significant use.

This reduces the overall free memory, which leads to a severe lack of available memory for key tasks.

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Optimization of RAM is a useful solution.

You can reboot your system to clear out unused memory.

That way some long-running programs render a fresh start to the computer.

Some defrag tools are also available that can be used on the RAM. These are misleading and they can work to optimize constant RAM usage.

Sometimes in the hard drive, this becomes essential.

On the other hand, some defragmentation tools are needed for the maximization of system performance.

In Windows Vista, 7 and 8 the system automatically defragments the hard drive space in periodic intervals. You can also run the defragmenter yourself.

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Fragmentation does not apply equally to all operating systems. While a Mac OS X can automatically optimize the disk space, some Linux machines can do without regular defragmentation. The memory gets assigned in a scattered format and not a contiguous one. Some Linux users increase the size of their hard disk.

Besides, it is crucial that solid state storage drive should never be defragmented otherwise its usable life would get shortened. You can also download a free pc cleaning software to defragment your system’s hard disk drive.

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