dislocation of hip joint
TRANSCRIPT
DISLOCATION OF HIP JOINT
DISLOCATION• Joint surfaces are completely
displaced
• Clinical features• Pain
• Restriction of movements
• Limb held in characteristic position
• Signs
• Abnormal shape of joint
• Displaced bony landmarks
• Investigation
• X-RAY, CT
• Treatment
• Reduction
• Immobilization
• rehabilitation
• Complications
HIP JOINT DISLOCATION
According to direction of femoral
head displacement
• Posterior
• Anterior
• Central
BLOOD SUPPLY
POSTERIOR DISLOCATION
• Dashboard injury
• Clinical features
• Short leg
• Adducted
• Internally rotated and slightly flexed
• In every case of severe hip
injury X-RAY PELVIS.
• If femoral shaft #
X-RAY HIP AND KNEE
THOMPSON AND EPSTEIN CLASSIFICATION
Types Description
i Dislocation with no more than minor chip #
ii Dislocation with single large fragment of posterior acetabular wall
iii Dislocation with comminuted fragments of posterior acetabular wall.
iv Dislocation with # through acetabular floor.
v # through acetabular floor and femoral head
ANTERIOR DISLOCATION
• Mechanism
• Clinical features
• Externally rotated, abducted and
slightly flexed leg
• Anterior bulge of dislocated
head.
EPSTEIN’S CLASSIFICATIONTypes Description
i Superior (pubic) dislocation
ia Simple (no assc #)
ib With # of head or neck of femur
ic Dislocation with # of acetabulum
ii Inferior dislocation (obturator )
iia Simple
iib # of head or neck of femur
iic # of the acetabulum
CENTRAL DISLOCATION
• Mechanism
• Clinical features
• No shortening , no ext rotation
deformity, no externally palpable
head.
• Neutral limb
• Severe pain and restriction of movts
CLASSIFICATION (JUDET’S TYPE)
Undisplaced #
Inner wall #
Superior dome #
Bursting #
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Inspection
• Attitude
• swelling
• Palpation
• greater trochanter
• Head of femur
• tenderness
MEASUREMENTS
• Bryant’s triangle
• Nelaton’s line
• Schoemaker’s line
• Morris’ bitrochanteric test
• Chiene’s test
• Length of lower limb
MOVEMENTS
• X-Ray
Treatment• Posterior dislocation
• Allis method(reduction)
• Type I
•Closed
•Hip protection
• Post-reduction x-ray
• Type ii
• Open reduction
• Type iii, iv, v
• Indications for open reduction
• Failed closed reduction
• Failed stability test
• Large acetabular fragment
• # of femur head
• Sciatic nerve palsy
ANTERIOR DISLOCATION
• Same as posterior except that while flexed knee is being pulled and hip gently flexed upwards it should b kept adducted.
CENTRAL DISLOCATION
• Skeletal traction
• Open reduction
• Primary arthroplasty
COMPLICATIONS OF HIP DISLOCATION
• Early
• Sciatic nerve injury
• Vascular injury
• # femoral shaft
• Late
• Avascular necrosis
• Myositis ossificans
• osteoarthritis
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