Disorders of the Urinary System

Common Urinary Terms Cystitis

Glomerulonephritis Renal calculi Renal failure

Renal failure tx options

What will we cover?

Dysuria painful Urination

Anuria no urination

Hematuria blood in urine Enuresis

Unable to control urination

Nocturnal Enuresis

Bedwetting Oliguria

scant urination Pyuria

pus in the urine Polyuria

frequent urination Nocturia

Frequent night urination

Common Urinary Terms

Cystitis

Inflammation of the lining of the bladder

Most common cause – E. Coli

Sx – dysuria, polyuria, fever

Usually in females Test: UA & Urine Cx Rx – abx, prevention tips

Cystitis

****Only write bold words**** Drink plenty of liquids, especially water. Drinking lots of fluids is

especially important if you're getting chemotherapy or radiation therapy, particularly on treatment days.

Urinate frequently. If you feel the urge to urinate, don't delay using the toilet.

Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. This prevents bacteria in the anal region from spreading to the vagina and urethra.

Take showers rather than tub baths. If you're susceptible to infections, showering rather than bathing may help prevent them.

Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus. Do this daily, but don't use harsh soaps or wash too vigorously. The delicate skin around these areas can become irritated.

Empty your bladder as soon as possible after intercourse. Drink a full glass of water to help flush bacteria.

Avoid using deodorant sprays or feminine products in the genital area. These products can irritate the urethra and bladder.

Cystitis Patient Prevention Tips

Glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli (tiny filters in your kidneys).

Can be acute or chronic. Sx: Hematuria, Proteinuria, HTN, edema,

fatigue, Complication of lupus/DM Tx: If complication of dx – tx disease. If

acute - cure itself, or if severe – dialysis or transplant.

Glomerulonephritis

Renal Calculi

crystals of calcium phosphate & uric acid Get larger until they block ureters sx – severe pain, n&v, polyuria, chills, fever,

hematuria Dx – sx, x-ray Rx – increase fluids, meds, and if needed –

LITHOTRIPSY (surgical procedure using shock waves to break up stone/s)

Renal Calculi

Renal Failure

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURECause: nephritis, shock, injury, bleeding, sudden heart failure or poisoning• Sx – oliguria, anuria• Complication – Uremia (toxic – blood retains

waste products) CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE gradual loss of function of nephrons – most common cause is complication of DM• Tx – Dialysis or Transplant

Renal Failure2 Types

Renal Failure Tx

Type #1: Hemodialysis Pt connected to dialysis unit by needles &

tubing that take the blood from the pt to the machine and back to the pt - filtered by a semipermeable membrane.

2-3x week for 2-4 hours each time Also needs special diet and meds

Dialysis “Artificial Kidney”2 Types

Peritoneal Dialysis Uses the pts own peritoneal lining instead of dialyzer to

filter blood.

Solution into abdomen through catheter then drained. 4 changes/day or some do while sleeping (automated)

Dialysis “Artificial Kidney”2 Types

Must be from similar immune system to prevent rejection.

Blood & cellular material must match

Antirejection drugs given after transplant.

Last hope for most

Kidney Transplant

Dialysis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Uj-C1-HyU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn4m1VO2OzQ