Deployment Techniques in

Wireless Sensor Networks with

Guaranteed Coverage and

Lifetime

Student: Chun-Han Lin

Advisor: Prof. Chung-Ta King

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

2011/8/11 2

Crossbow Mica2

Sense: light, motion, temperature, magnetic fields, gravity, humidity,

vibration, pressure, electrical fields, sound, ...

Project Testbed

2011/8/11 3

http://fiji.eecs.harvard.edu

/Volcano

http://db.csail.mit.edu/

http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~ekici/

Harvard moteLab

COMMON Sense project

http://www.csail.mit.edu/

Importance of Deployment Technique

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Coverage

Detection ratio

Connectivity

Fault tolerance

…

Lifetime

Energy

Maintenance

Deployment cost

Design of Deployment Technique

2011/8/11 5

Various WSN systems

Different requirements

Developing 3 techniques

Indoor robot navigation

Debris-flow observation

Environment surveillance

2011/8/11 6

Space navigation

Security

Housekeeping

Delivery

Medical

…

Localization

Positioning sensor

A set of sensors can provide localization service

Wireless

Infrastructure

Coverage

http://www.worldrobotics.org/

Indoor Robot Navigation

Challenge

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Traditional deployment

Full coverage

Tradeoff

Cost Coverage

How

Reducing sensor

Where

Keeping coverage

Acceptable error

Positioning sensor

Error Model

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Target model

x’= x + d cos(q+r)

y’= y + d sin(q+r)

q’=(q+r) mod 2p

Actual configuration P(f)

Configuration error

err(f)=max(P(f) – f)

|err(f)|

=|max(P(f) – f)|

=(max((P(x) – x)2 +

(P(y) – y)2))1/2 Positioning sensor

Minimum Deployment-set Problem

2011/8/11 9

Minimum Deployment-set

Problem (G, Errmax)

Width of hallway

Width of track

…

The minimum

deployment-set problem is

NP-hard

Vertex cover problem

Deployment procedure

Initial construction

Divide and conquer

Refinement

Performance Evaluation

2011/8/11 10

Size of deployment set

Configuration error

Chun-Han Lin and Chung-Ta King, "Sensor-Deployment Strategies for Indoor Robot Navigation," in IEEE Transactions

on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 40, pp. 388-398, 2010.

Debris-Flow Observation

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Water course

Debris flow

Sensor

Collecting information

Water bank

Challenge

How to collect information

from outside

Where

Coverage

農委會水土保持局

Deployment Problem

2011/8/11 12

Track

Activity region

No deployment

Information

Uniform distribution

Coverage

Point coverage

Area coverage

Periphery Deployment Problem

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Periphery Deployment

Problem (A, T, R, CPmin)

Solvable?

Maximal coverage

Ideal deployment

Upper bound

Practical deployment

Expected value

Deployment Procedure

2011/8/11 14

Ideal deployment Initial deployment

Performance Evaluation

2011/8/11 15

Size of deployment set

Chun-Han Lin, Huang-Chen Lee and Chung-Ta King, “Periphery Deployment for Wireless Sensor Systems

with Guaranteed Coverage Percentage,” submitted to Journal of Systems and Software, 2nd revision.

Coverage

Environment Surveillance

2011/8/11 16

Fixed locations

Sense

Collection

Record

Analysis

How to prolong lifetime?

Equipping more energy

Energy Allocation

2011/8/11 17

Uniform battery

Long lifetime => huge energy

Reducing maximum

Customizing sensor

Can we use general sensor?

Adjustable energy

Multiple sensors

Multiple battery packs

Challenge

Energy allocation

Constrained Multiple Deployment Problem

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Constrained Multiple

Deployment Problem (G,

, B, T)

Sense

Collection

Optimal solution

Conservation of flow

Energy consumption

Optimal goal

Cost Bound

Deployment Procedure

2011/8/11 19

Performance Evaluation

2011/8/11 20

Deployment cost Residual energy

Chun-Han Lin, Chung-Ta King, and Ting-Yi Chen, "Constrained multiple deployment problem in wireless sensor

networks with guaranteed lifetimes," accepted and to appear in ACM Wireless Networks (WINET).

Conclusion

2011/8/11 21

Analysis 3 applications

Indoor robot navigation: guaranteed coverage

Debris-flow observation: guaranteed coverage

Environment surveillance: guaranteed lifetime

Problem formulation

Deployment procedure

Performance evaluation

Future Work

Algorithm improvement

Complexity of periphery and multiple deployments

The results of multiple deployment compare with those of ILP

Publication procedure

Publications

2011/8/11 22

JOURNAL PAPERS

Chun-Han Lin, Chung-Ta King, and Ting-Yi Chen, “Constrained multiple deployment problem in wireless sensor networks with guaranteed lifetimes,” accepted and to appear in ACM Wireless Networks (WINET).

Chun-Han Lin and Chung-Ta King, “Sensor-Deployment Strategies for Indoor Robot Navigation,” in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 40, pp. 388-398, 2010.

Nai.-Luen Lai, Chun-Han Lin, and Chung-Ta King, "Scheduling algorithms and routing structures for efficient convergecast in wireless sensor networks," in International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 6, pp. 4-18, 2010.

CONFERENCE PAPERS

Nai-Luen Lai, Chung-Ta King, and Chun-Han Lin, “On Maximizing the Throughput of Convergecast in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in grid and pervasive computing (GPC), pages 396-408, 2008.

Chun-Han Lin, Chung-Ta King, and Hung-Chang Hsiao, “Region Abstraction for Event Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks (ISPAN), pages 274-281, 2005.

PATENTS

Fu-Kuang Yeh, Long-Der Chen, Chung-Ta King, and Chun-Han Lin, "METHOD FOR INFORMATION TRANSMISSION WITH BACKBONE NETWORK AND A POSITION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE ROBOTIC DEVICES," submitted to USA and ROC Patent Offices, pending.

SUBMITTED PAPERS

Chun-Han Lin, Huang-Chen Lee and Chung-Ta King, “Periphery Deployment for Wireless Sensor Systems with Guaranteed Coverage Percentage,” submitted to Journal of Systems and Software, 2nd revision.