distance relays new

7/24/2019 Distance Relays New

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Distance Protection Function


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DISTANCE RELAYS

2


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Z(radius vector) lies on +R if I sa!e "#ase$ on %Rif &' dierence

+* co!"onent if I las and vice versa,

-


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.#o or ad!ittance rela/ is reactance rela/ 0it# aDirectional unit

an overcurrent ele!ent develo"in "ositive tor1ue$and a currentvoltae directional ele!ent t#at eit#er

o""oses or aids t#e overcurrent ele!ent$ de"endinon t#e "#ase anle 3et0een t#e current and t#evoltae,

T#e directional ele!ent is arraned to develo"!a4i!u! neative tor1ue 0#en its current las itsvoltae 3/ 56

7


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8

T = K1VI cos ( - ) - K2V2 K3

Or

Z=K1(cos ( - ) ) / K2

The diameter of the circle

practically idepedet of !olta

or c#rret$


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i!"edance rela/ #avin o"eratin tor1ue "roduced3/ t#e current$ restrainin tor1ue "roduced 3/ t#evoltae,

In t#e reactance rela/ o"eratin tor1ue is "roduced3/ t#e current$ restrainin tor1ue is "roduced 3/ t#ecurrent and voltae,

In t#e !#o rela/ o"eratin tor1ue 3/ t#e voltae andcurrent$ restrainin tor1ue is "roduced 3/ t#evoltae,

I!"edance rela/ used in t#e !ediu! trans!issionline,

Reactance rela/ used for t#e s!all trans!ission line,!#o rela/ used in t#e lon trans!ission line,

9


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Relay Characteristics

MHO Quadrilateral


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Three Zone Distance

Protection Line impedance to fault determined by measuringvoltage and current at the relay point

Phase angle of protected line must be considered

Discrimination between relay points requiresdirectional and time delayed operation

Z3

A B C

X

R

Zone 1

Zone 3

tZ3

Z2

Timing Diagram

Single Line Diagram

Zone 2

Z1

%elayi"

&oit


9/24

CR!!"PL#R$!#T$% Close up faults are a &'%D#R( Condition

Relay peration is !low " Fault currents are high) *oltage is added from a healthy phase)

+"Phase Faults " %o healthy"phase so cross"polarising has noeffect)

VR

VB

VY

VRB

VBY

VYR

Fault Type Polariin! "olta!e #"P$

%-' - (*+,)

-' %- (*+,)

-' -% (*+,)

%- -' (*+,)

- %-' (*+,)

-% -' (*+,)

PO%AR&'&()

Q*A(T&T&+'


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:o0er S0in 0#ic# is 3asicall/ caused 3/ t#e lare distur3ances in t#e "o0ers/ste! 0#ic# if not 3loc;ed could cause 0ron o"eration of t#e distance rela/and can enerates 0ron or undesired tri""in of t#e trans!ission line circuit

3rea;er, :o0er s0ins can cause t#e c#ane in load i!"edance 0#ic# under stead/

state conditions$ 0#ereas 0it#in t#e rela/


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&o.er .i" 0#ter

o#dary

&o.er .i" Ier

o#dary

Trasit

time

&o.er s.iloc#s

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

If the ystem

Impedace

%emais i the

&o.er .i"

etectio Zoe for

lo"er tha the &reset Trasit Time

(omially 4, ms)

&05'% 5I6

787%9

.ill 0perate

POWER SWING DETECTION & BLOCKING


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Practically Zero $mpedance in fault path) Fault Point is at the rigin " &oundary condition for Zones , - .

For a +"Phase fault/ cross"polarising will have no effect

5he rea:er is closed

7llo. Zoe 3 to trip istataeo#sly

7llo. a trip o 0!erc#rret oly

0T; ;a#lt &oit

SWITCH ON TO FAULT ( SOTF)


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SWITCH ON TO FAULT ALGORITHMS


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Protection !chemes


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T$01 !T1PP1D D$!T#%C1 PRT1CT$% !C2101

/t 1 /t 2 /t 3

Time

Zone 3

Zone 3

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 2Zone 3

Zone 2

%elay7

%elay

%elay

%elay

Zone 3

Zone 2Zone 3

No Signalling u!" #!$%!!n !n" C!a' an" i'l! R!la O'!*a$ion i lo% in 'la+!

Zone 1

Zone 1

Zone 1

Zone 1


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PRT1CT$% !C2101!

REAC> E*TENSI?N

:ER.ISSIE @NDERREAC> (:@TT)

:ER.ISSIE ?ERREAC> (:?TT)

=L?CINB ?ERREAC>

peration of the Time !tepped Distance Protection may be improved by the uof additional !cheme Logic


17/24

Z%1 , R1#C2 13T1%!$% !C2101

%elay

7

%elay

%elay

/t 1 /t 2

%elay

/t

Ti.e

6i!es impro!ed fa#lt clearace

time for fa#lt @ this positio

5ill trip @ A7A forfa#lt @ this positio

No Signalling u!" #!$%!!n !n"

Zone 2 Zone 3/itan0e

/itan0e

Trip

Reclose

Zone 1 +t

Zone 1


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Zone 2

Carrier

Aided

Trip

P1R0$!!$*1 '%D1RR1#C2 !C2101 4P'TT5

/t 1 /t 2

Ti.e

Zone 1 #(o Operation$

/itan0e

/itan0e

Zone 1

%elay

%elay

%elay

7 'i!nallin! Cannel

Zone 2

Ti.e /elayed Trip

O'!*a$ion o, -on! . !n" ignal $o *!o$! !n" &ntantaneou trip i

Zone 1 Operation

Zone 2 4 'i!nal ro. Re.ote end

A%%O5' &('TA(TA(+O*' TR&PP&() O"+R 16 OF TH+ %&(+ %+()TH

Zone 2

'&)(A%%&() CHA((+%

R+Q*&R+/ B+T5++(

+(/'


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Zone 2

Carrier

Aided

Trip

/t 1 /t 2

Ti.e


/itan0e

/itan0e

%elay

%elay

%elay

7 'i!nallin! Cannel

Zone 2

Ti.e /elayed Trip

&ntantaneou Operation o Zone 2 end i!nal to re.ote end

&ntantaneou trip i

Zone 1 Operation

Zone 2 4 'i!nal ro. Re.ote end

Zone 2

Zone 2 &ntantaneou

Zone 1

'&)(A%%&() CHA((+%

R+Q*&R+/ B+T5++(

+(/'

:ER.ISSIE ?ERREAC> SC>E.E (:?TT)



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Zone 2

Carrier

Aided

Trip

/t 1 /t 2

Ti.e


/itan0e

/itan0e

Zone 1

%elay

%elay

%elay

7 'i!nallin! Cannel

Zone , - Blo07in!

Operation o Zone , end 8lo07in! i!nal to re.ote end &ntantaneou trip i

Zone 1 Operation

Zone 2 4 (o 8lo07in! 'i!nal ro. Re.ote end

5&TH&( te Permissive Trip Time

Zone 2

'&)(A%%&() CHA((+%

R+Q*&R+/ B+T5++(

+(/'

BLOCKING SCHEME



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=L?CINB

Increased de"enda3ilit/ 3ecause if t#e carrier fails$t#e "rotection 0ill tri" an/0a/,

Decreased securit/ 3ecause if t#e carrier fails$ t#e"rotection 0ill tri" for an out of section fault,

:ER.ISSIE

Increased securit/ 3ecause if t#e co!!unicationfails$ t#e "rotection 0ill not tri" #i# s"eed,

Decreased de"enda3ilit/ 3ecause if t#e co!! fails$t#e "rotection 0ill not tri" #i# s"eed for an in

section fault,

2&


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#'TR1CL!$%6

'5 ? :?ER SYSTE. A@LTS ARE TRANSIENT IN NAT@RE

T>EY CAN =E CLEARED =Y

IS?LATINB T>E A@LT

ALL?INB T>E A@LT :AT> T? DEI?NISE

RECL?SINB T>E =REAER

Benerall/ t0o t/"es of Autoreclosure are usedF

>i# S"eed Autoreclose Sinle :ole Auto ReClose

?"en =rea;er G reclose after s#ort ti!e dela/

ault "at# !a/ not #ave ti!e to deenerise,

S/nc#ronisin is not re1uired,

Dela/ed Autoreclose T#ree :ole Auto ReClose

?"en =rea;er Reclose after loner ti!e dela/ S/nc#ronis! !ust 3e c#ec;ed 3efore reclosure is allo0ed


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#'TR1CL!1 !17'1%C1

&ue Cloe

Pule

Ce07'yn0

Ti.er

Cloe

Pule

5idt

'tart

Re0lai.

Ti.e

AR

'e9uen0e

'tart

'e9uen0e Fail Ti.er

'tart/ead Ti.e

ot losed

;a#lt %e-

tri:es

Autore0loe

'u00eul

A*TOR+C%O'+R

&/%+

Autore0loe

%o07out

losed

Ce07 Cloe

Condition

irc#it rea:er 0pe

Trip iitiatio %emo!ed8ie Volta"e ead

Zoe 1 ;a#ltarrier 7ided Trip

AR 'tart

8i!e ar/ead 8i

hec: yc


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Than8 you

distance relays new

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