distribution of invasive weeds on the territory of ap … · 2013-10-15 · 21 000 novi sad,...
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DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE WEEDS ON THE TERRITORY OF AP VOJVODINA
Konstantinović Branko, Meseldžija Maja, Samardžić Nataša, Konstantinović Bojan
Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8,
21 000 Novi Sad, Serbiaa
INTRODUCTION During the last decade, the study of the spread of invasive weed species on the
territory of AP Vojvodina intensified. Invasive weed species spread in ruderal habitats,
as well as under different crops. They are introduced species from natural habitats in
new ecosystems to which they adjust and suppress already present weed species
(Konstantinović et al., 2011).
Unstable ecosystems, arable land, and ruderal habitats are the primary sites
of infection by invasive weed species that keep spreading to surrounding
ecosystems causing homogenization of the regional flora (Stevanović et al.,
2009). Data on potential dangers caused by weediness of agricultural land, as
well as ruderal sites are obtained by studies of distribution of introduced invasive
weed species on the territory of AP Vojvodina.
MATHERIALS AND METHODS
•Mapping of invasive weed species was carried out on the territory of AP
Vojvodina.
• The studies included the following invasive weed species: Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Iva xanthifolia Nutt., Asclepias
syriaca L., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Amaranthus retroflexus L.,
Chenopodium album L., Cuscuta campestris Yunkers., Arctium lappa L.,
Carduus acanthoides L., Conyza canadensis L., Rubus caesius L., Rumex
crispus L. and Urtica dioica L.
• For determination of invasive weeds according to the method of Brauen-
Blanquet (1951).
• Mapping was conducted in 11 municipalities in 18 localities.
• Studied area was 100 m2 in size, and in each locality, there were 10 plots
for inspection.
• Mapping of invasive weed species was carried out by GPS, the data were
then introduced into software program Ambrosia Spot Marker for area of
Novi Sad, while the data for the area of AP Vojvodina were inserted into the
Google Earth program.
During 2011 performed monitoring in the region of AP Vojvodina,
showed that spread of invasive weed species is gaining increasing
importance, due to their expansion to new areas. Processing of data from
the field revealed spread of invasive weed species such as:
o Amaranthus retroflexus L.,
o Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.,
o Arctium lappa L.,
o Artemisia vulgaris L.,
o Asclepias syriaca L.,
o Carduus acanthoides L.,
o Chenopodium album L.,
o Conyza canadensis L.,
o Cuscuta campestris Yunkers.,
o Iva xanthifolia Nutt.,
o Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.,
o Rubus caesius L.,
o Rumex crispus L. and
o Urtica dioica L.
RESULTS
It was established that the overall coverage of invasive weed
species at studied localities was within the range of 30-95%. The highest
percentage of overall coverage was measured in the municipality of
Sremska Mitrovica (75-95%), followed by Novi Sad, Odžaci, and Kula
(70-95%), while the lowest overall coverage was measured in the
municipalities of Zrenjanin (40-95%) and Šid (30-95%).
The degree of presence of the analyzed invasive weed
species was determined by data processing. The degree of
presence marked V was established for A. artemisiifolia L. in
municipalities Sombor, Odžaci and Novi Sad and A. vulgaris L. in
municipalities Sombor, Odžaci and Šid.
Zrenjanin
Mark IV indicated the
degree of presence for weed
species Artemisia vulgaris L.
(municipalities Kikinda,
Zrenjanin, Vrbas, Kula,
Sremska Mitrovica, Bačka
Palanka and Novi Sad) and
Rumex crispus L.
(municipalities Kikinda, Vrbas,
Sombor, Odžaci, Ruma, Šid and
Novi Sad).
Data processing revealed also the degree of presence
marked I for species A. artemisiifolia L. in municipality Zrenjanin,
Amaranthus retroflexus L. in municipalities Kula, Sombor, Ruma and
Šid, Aclepias syriaca L. in municipalities Kikinda, Vrbas, Kula,
Sremska Mitrovica and Novi Sad, and Cuscuta campestris Yunkers.
that was determined in even 7 municipalities (Kikinda, Sombor,
Odžaci, Sremska Mitrovica, Šid, Bačka Palanka and Novi Sad)
DISCUSSION Invasive weed species that
spread along the Balkan Peninsula are of
great importance for Serbia, and
especially for the territory of AP
Vojvodina. Some sporadic or completely
new weed species have assumed an
increasingly important role in the region
(Konstantinović et al., 2006). The species
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, which first
appeared in the former Yugoslavia for
more than half a century ago (Maly,
1949), today is very common and mostly
distributed invasive weed species
(Konstantinović et al., 2011).
According to Jovanović et al., (2009) A. artemisiifolia is distributed on even
70% of the total territory of Serbia, and the largest damages causes primarily in AP
Vojvodina, around Beograd and in the region of Mačva (Milošević, 2008). In the
period 2006-2007, A. artemisiifolia L. was found on the banks of the river Danube, near
Petrovaradin, Sremski Karlovici and Novi Sad, as well as near Bač, Bačka Palanka,
Begeč, Bogojevo and Futog, in the entire region of Bačka in the central and southern
Banat region (Konstantinović et al., 2008).
Studies conducted in the period 2008-2011, revealed presence of A.
artemisiifolia L. on over 400 ha on the territory of the municipality Novi Sad, at
more than 200 localities and more than 50 plants per m2 (Konstantinović et
al., 2011). In 2008 mapping and control or A. artemisiifolia L. was performed in
AP Vojvodina. Control of A. artemisiifolia L. was conducted on 2500 ha in 42
municipalities, by mechanical or chemical control measures. Monitoring also
showed that retro vegetation occurred.
The highest overall coverage was
established in the South Bačka region
amounting 80-95%, while the degree of
presence is evaluated by V. The lowest
overall coverage was found in the region of
South Banat amounting 30-80%, with the
presence degree I (Konstantinović et al.,
2011). In agricultural habitats, A.
artemisiifolia was found mostly in crops of
maize, soybean, sunflower and sugar beet,
as well as in stubbles.
Asclepias syriaca L. is
allochthonous invasive weed species
originating from North America, and it
was introduced into Europe at the
beginning of the nineteenth century. It
is present in many European
countries (Stanković-Kalezić et al.,
2008). This species invades soils due
to insufficient cultivation and
herbicide use, fertilizers and irrigation
measures (Cramer and Burnside,
1981). On the territory of AP
Vojvodina, Asclepias syriaca L. is
present in the wider area of Bačka,
north part of Banat, especially in
wider area of Subotica- Horgoš
sands (Dolmagić, 2010).
Iva xanthifolia Nutt. is new
invasive weed species on the territory of
AP Vojvodina, it spread during sixties of
the last century on the territory of AP
Vojvodina and it is now a very strong
allergen that expands 5-10 times faster
than A. artemisiifolia L. During 2002-
2006, the study of this weed species was
conducted on the territory of AP
Vojvodina, and its presence was
registered on ruderal sites, but also in
maize, sugar beet, sunflower and
soybean crops. The studies showed that
it is the most widespread in the regions
of Srem and Bačka, and somewhat less
in Banat (Marisavljević et al., 2007).
Data obtained by the
study of invasive weed
species on the territory of
Novi Sad and AP Vojvodina
suggest that the named weed
species keep spreading very
fast, especially A.
artemisiifolia L., A. syriaca
L., A. vulgaris L.,
I.xanthifolia L. and
R.crispus L.