diversifying and securing food and non-food crops for the...
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Copyright CFFRC - 2012
Sayed Azam-Ali Asha Karunaratne Sue Walker Crops For the Future Research Centre Malaysia
Diversifying and Securing Food and Non-Food Crops for the Future
Sustainability and Environmental Management Conference Kuala Lumpur 22 October, 2013
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The Issue We depend on too few crops and cropping systems
• Risk, volatility, overdependence
• Lifestyle diseases
• Fit for the future?
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The Challenge
How can we identify, improve and use more crops and systems? • Access existing knowledge
• Translate and transfer technologies
• Extrapolate beyond current locations
• Explore complexity
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Crops for the Future Research Centre Research excellence on underutilised crops
University of Nottingham in Malaysia
Government of Malaysia
• Innovative world class research on underutilised crops for:
• nutrition
• energy
• biomaterials
• Product marketing opportunities
• Capacity-building
Global research alliance for underutilised crops
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S. America
SEA
South Asia
Mediterranean
SADC
MENA
Crops for the Future Research Centre Global research alliance on underutilised crops
West Africa
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CFFRC HQ 15 September 2013
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CFFRC HQ 15 September 2014
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CFFRC Field Research Centre
CROPS FOR THE FUTURE RESEARCH CENTRE
MALAYSIA
Crops for the Future Research Centre Kuala Lumpur HQ and Field Research Centre
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CFFRC Field Centre
Transition from Oil Palm monoculture to fully diversified, sustainable agroecosystem
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Research Structure
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Research Value Chain
Biotechnology and
Breeding Systems
Crop Improvement
and Agronomy
Agro-meteorology
and Ecophysiology
Agro-processing
and Bioproducts
Socio-economics
and Policy
CFFRC Research Themes
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`service to potential end-users interested in underutilised crops and products that can contribute to livelihoods’
Data Manipulation and Modelling
Four Clusters:
Decision Making
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CropBASE: Decision Support Knowledge Platform for Underutilised Crops
• Web-based First `port-of-call’ for information on underutilised crops
• Decision Support Multistakeholder options on underutilised crops and end-uses
• Knowledge Platform Cross-cutting all CFFRC Programmes and Themes
• Comparative Productivity and resource-use-efficiency of underutilised and major crops and cropping systems under current and future climates
• Interactive Integrate data on underutilised and major crops with geo-referenced information and databases
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Current databases provide input for crop models within GIS framework • Existing geospatial natural resource databases e.g. FAO for soils, crop statistics, food and water indices; e.g. WMO, NASA, NOAA for past, current and future climate scenarios.
CFFRC working with crop modelling community e.g. AgMIP www.agmip.org
Comparative testing of models for range of crops • CFFRC to spearhead underutilised crops in crop models
– e.g. APSIM, AquaCrop, DSSAT – African Bambara groundnut (Azam-Ali & colleagues) – Ethiopian Teff (Raes & colleagues) – Peruvian Quinoa (Raes & colleagues)
• Calibrated for AquaCrop (FAO Irrigation and Drainage #66)
– Other leafy vegetables and root crops are in the pipeline.
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Research Case Studies: 1. Bambara Groundnut and Climate Change
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BamYIELD Linking knowledge systems on bambara groundnut
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BamYIELD Linking knowledge systems on bambara groundnut
Linking research and knowledge systems in Africa and South-East Asia
Linking knowledge systems through social
networks
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• Evidence-based research and
• Local knowledge & information
IT and Information Storage System
Scientific Information
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• Local preferences via participatory interactions
• Regional & global demand to expand specific crops & niche markets
• Economic assessment of crops & cropping systems beyond current locations
Community information
extension
health Met
Service
farmer
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• Climate agroecological suitability
• Quality nutritional, food security and livelihood potentials of crops and products at field, farm and regional scales
• Economic socio-economic, trade and regulatory potential
Crop-climate modelling to use available databases as input for crop models in GIS framework.
Analysis engine
Data Manipulation and Modelling
Decision Making
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Environ Data Soil Climate
Crop Data
Agronomy Physiology Genetics Farmer
Soil conditions
Climatic conditions
Climate scenarios
Crop Species characters
Market data
Genotypic characters
Meta data Farmer Knowledge
Primary Data Base
Underpinning Data Base
Maps
Inferences
Climate Forecast
Species genotype Suitability
Yield forecast
Yield potentials
Fertilizer responses
Pest disease tolerance
Market potentials
Decision Support &
Knowledgebase
input output
Crop-Climate Modelling
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General Circulation Model
(GCM)
CropBASE Crop-Climate model challenges
Crop Model
Coupling Crop Model +
Climate Model
• Simulate crop productivity at country to global scales under variable climates
• Capture crop-climate interactions for underutilised crops and trait identification across geographical boundaries
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CropBASE outputs
Formats for different end -users • Graphical, • Diagrammatic • Tabular • Spatial maps via GIS tools
0
2
4
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
YIEL
D (
TON
S/H
A)
YEAR
1980-2010 Yield Data for UN landrace at all Namibia Sites
NA32 NA42 NA47
NA58 NA61 NA63
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N
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Yiel
d (
t/h
a)
Simulated Yield trend at NA47
Namibia: Bambara groundnut landraces yield predictions
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Yiel
d (
t/h
a)
Simulated Yield trend at NA32
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Simulated Yield trend at NA42
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Yiel
d (
t/h
a)
Simulated Yield trend at NA58
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Yiel
d (
t/h
a)
Simulated Yield trend at NA61
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Yiel
d (
t/h
a)
Simulated Yield trend at NA63
N S19-3 UN
CropBASE Crop-Climate Model
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Research Case Studies: 2. Oil Palm and Space
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The challenge
Can we design oil palm-based ecosystems to utilise:
– Space in oil palm plantations – Expertise from oil palm sector
and provide ;
– Economic returns – Environmental services – Sustainability and Resilience
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Solar radiation
Water Nutrients
Decomposition
Cycling
Inter and
intraspecific
complementarity
Ecosystem services
Non-yield biomass
Efficiencies of different agroecosystems: Resource use efficiency
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Space available in oil palm plantations
• Space not suited to cultivation of oil palm
Marginal land = 353,400 ha
• Land under oil palm = 5,000,000 ha
• Space around oil palm
Inter-row space in new replants = 380,000 ha
• Space in oil palm
Under oil palm canopy = 500,000 ha (10% of total)
Below pylon corridors = 250,000 ha (5% of total)
• Potential available space = 1,130,000 ha (22% of total)
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• Shallow, sloping soils
• Poor moisture & nutrient retention, erosion
1. Space not suited to production of oil palm
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2. Space not utilised around oil palm
Early life of plantation
• Initial cropping
• Intercropping
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Resource capture space available
• Under oil palm canopy
• Below pylon corridors
3. Space not utilised in oil palm
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BiomassPLUS Biomass from novel crops and technologies
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RESOURCES
PRODUCTION
PROCESSING
CONSUMPTION
FEEDSTOCK
BIOFUELS
BUSINESS
BIOMASSPLUS
Improved and new technologies
BiomassPlus Diversifying biofuels from feedstock to end-use
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SystemPLUS Functionality of monocultures and complex plantations
a) Quantify ecosystem performance b) Measure resource use efficiencies during transition c) Estimate climate change impacts under IPCC scenarios
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SystemPLUS Functionality of monocultures and complex plantations
Solar radiation
Water Nutrients
Nutrient
Cycling Inter and
intraspecific
complementarity
Ecosystem services
Non-yield biomass
• Integrated measurements – soil to atmosphere • Models – predictive capacity under current and future climates • Extrapolate - beyond `proof-of-concept’
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Plantation income life cycle Mind the gap
Output
Years
Diversification premium?
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Sayed Azam-Ali Asha Karunaratne Sue Walker Crops For the Future Research Centre Malaysia
Diversifying and Securing Food and Non-Food Crops for the Future
Sustainability and Environmental Management Conference Kuala Lumpur 22 October, 2013