diversity amid globalization
TRANSCRIPT
Diversity Amid Globalization World Regions, Environment, Development
SIXTH EDITION
Lester Rowntree • Martin Lewis • Marie Price • William Wyckoff
Row
ntree • Lewis • Price • W
yckoffThis is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition for the beneit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you purchased this book within the United States or Canada
the approval of the Publisher or Author.
For these Global Editions, the editorial team at Pearson has collaborated with educators across the world to address a wide range of subjects and requirements, equipping students with the best possible learning tools. This Global Edition preserves the cutting-edge approach and pedagogy of the original, but also features alterations, customization, and adaptation from the North American version.
GLOBAL EDITION
LES ROWNTREEUniversity of California, Berkeley
MARTIN LEWISStanford University
MARIE PRICEGeorge Washington University
WILLIAM WYCKOFFMontana State University
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Global EditionGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGlllllllllllllllllooooooooooooooooobbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaallllllllll EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiioooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnGlobabal Eddition
Diversity Amid GlobalizationWorld Regions, Environment, Development
Global Edition
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Diversity Amid Globalization: World Religions, Environment,Development, PDF ebook, Global Edition
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
Digital and Print Resources
1 Concepts of World GeographyConverging Currents of Globalization
Economic Globalization
Globalization and Changing Human Geographies
Exploring Global Connections: A Closer Look at Globalization Geopolitics and Globalization
The Environment and Globalization
Controversy About Globalization
Pro-globalization Arguments
Critics of Globalization
A Middle Position
Diversity in a Globalizing World
Flat and Spiky Worlds
Geography Matters: Environments, Regions, LandscapesAreal Differentiation and Integration
Regions: Formal, Functional, and Vernacular
The Cultural Landscape: Space into Place
The Geographers Toolbox: Location, Maps, Remote Sensing, and GISLatitude and Longitude
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Map Projections
Map Scale
Map Patterns and Legends
Aerial Photos and Remote Sensing
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Themes and Issues in World Regional Geography
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: The Changing Global Environment
Population and Settlement: People on the LandPopulation Growth and Change
Working Toward Sustainability: Managing Resources and Protecting the
Table of Contents
Environment People on the Move: Migrants and Refugees
Global Migration and Settlement
Cityscapes: The Human Habitat
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Geography of Change and TraditionCulture in a Globalizing World
Everyday Globalization: Complexities in the Common Language and Culture in Global Context
The Geography of World Religions
Gender and Globalization
Sports and Globalization
Geopolitical Framework: Unity and FragmentationWorld Political Systems
The Nation-State Revisited
Colonialism, Decolonialization, and Neocolonialism
Global Conflict and Insurgency
Economic and Social Development: The Geography of Wealth and PovertyMore and Less Developed Countries
Indicators of Economic Development
Indicators of Social Development
Concepts of World Geography In Review
2 Physical Geography and the EnvironmentGeology: A Restless Earth
Plate Tectonics
Geologic Hazards
Global Climates: Adapting to ChangeClimate Controls
Exploring Global Connections: Antarctica, the Protected Continent World Climate Regions
Global Climate Change
Global Energy: The Essential ResourceNon-Renewable and Renewable Energy
Fossil Fuel Reserves, Production, and Consumption
Renewable Energy
Energy Futures
Water: A Scarce World Resource
Working Toward Sustainability: Lighting Up Dark Places Water Scarcity
Water Sanitation
Water Access
Table of Contents
Bioregions and Biodiversity: The Globalization of NatureTropical Rainforests
Tropical Seasonal Forests
Tropical Savannas
Deforestation of Tropical Forests
Deserts and Grasslands
Mediterranean Shrubs and Woodlands
Temperate Deciduous Forests
Everyday Globalization: The Hamburger Connection Revisited Evergreen Forests
Tundra
Physical Geography and the Environment In Review
3 North AmericaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: A Vulnerable Land of Plenty
A Diverse Physical Setting
Patterns of Climate and Vegetation
The Costs of Human Modification
Growing Environmental Awareness
Working Toward Sustainability: Bison Return to the Northern Great Plains The Shifting Energy Equation
Climate Change in North America
Population and Settlement: Reshaping a Continental LandscapeModern Spatial and Demographic Patterns
Occupying the Land
North Americans on the Move
Settlement Geographies: The Decentralized Metropolis
Settlement Geographies: Rural North America
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Shifting Patterns of PluralismThe Roots of a Cultural Identity
Peopling North America
Culture and Place in North America
Cityscapes: VANCOUVER Patterns of North American Religion
Exploring Global Connections: West Indian Gardens in East New York The Globalization of American Culture
Everyday Globalization: The NBA Goes Global
Geopolitical Framework: Patterns of Dominance and DivisionCreating Political Space
Continental Neighbors
The Legacy of Federalism
Table of Contents
Native Peoples and National Politics
The Politics of U.S. Immigration
A Global Reach
Economic and Social Development: Patterns of Abundance and AffluenceAn Abundant Resource Base
Creating a Continental Economy
Enduring Social Issues
North America and the Global Economy
People on the Move: Skilled Immigrants Fuel Big City Growth
North America In Review
4 Latin AmericaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Neotropical Diversity and UrbanDegradation
Western Mountains and Eastern Shields
River Basins and Lowlands
Climate and Climate Change in Latin America
Impacts of Climate Change for Latin America
Environmental Issues: The Destruction of Forests
Urban Environmental Challenges
Working Toward Sustainability: Greening Transport and Expanding Access inBogota
Population and Settlement: The Dominance of CitiesThe Latin American City
Patterns of Rural Settlement
Cityscapes: Claiming the High Ground in La Paz, Bolivia Population Growth and Mobility
Patterns of Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Repopulating a ContinentDecline of Native Populations
Patterns of Ethnicity and Culture
Exploring Global Connections: The Catholic Church and the Argentine Pope The Global Reach of Latino Culture
Geopolitical Framework: From Two Iberian Colonies to Many NationsIberian Conquest and Territorial Division
People on the Move: The Impact of U.S. Deportations on Latin America Regional Organizations
Economic and Social Development: From Dependency to NeoliberalismDevelopment Strategies
Primary Export Dependency
Everyday Globalization: Good Morning Coffee Latin America in the Global Economy
Table of Contents
Social Development
Latin America In Review
5 The CaribbeanPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Paradise Undone
Island and Rimland Landscapes
Exploring Global Connections: Crisis Mapping in Haiti After the Earthquake Caribbean Climate and Climate Change
Environmental Issues
Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Islands and Rimland FrontiersDemographic Trends
The RuralUrban Continuum
Working Toward Sustainability: Urban Agriculture in Havana
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Neo-Africa in the AmericasThe Cultural Imprint of Colonialism
Creolization and Caribbean Identity
Cityscapes: San Juan as Cultural Crossroads of the Americas
Geopolitical Framework: Colonialism, Neocolonialism, and IndependenceLife in the American Backyard
Independence and Integration
People on the Move: Suriname in the Postcolonial World
Economic and Social Development: From Cane Fields to Cruise ShipsFrom Fields to Factories and Resorts
Social Development
Everyday Globalization: Caribbean Migrants and Health Care
The Caribbean In Review
6 Sub-Saharan AfricaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: The Plateau Continent
Plateaus and Basins
Climate and Vegetation
Africas Environmental Issues
Working Toward Sustainability: Can Bamboo Reduce Deforestation in Africa? Climate Change and Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa
Population and Settlement: Young and RestlessPopulation Trends and Demographic Debates
Patterns of Settlement and Land Use
Urban Life
Cityscapes: East Africas High-Tech Leader, Nairobi
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Unity Through AdversityLanguage Patterns
Table of Contents
Religion
Globalization and African Culture
Exploring Global Connections: The Reach of Nollywood
Geopolitical Framework: Legacies of Colonialism and ConflictEuropean Colonization
Decolonization and Independence
Enduring Political Conflict
Everyday Globalization: The African Origins of the Diamond Engagement Ring
Economic and Social Development: The Struggle to DevelopRoots of African Poverty
Links to the World Economy
People on the Move: Chinese Merchants to Africa Economic Differentiation Within Africa
Measuring Social Development
Women and Development
Building from Within
Sub-Saharan Africa In Review
7 Southwest Asia and North AfricaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Life in a Fragile World
Regional Landforms
Patterns of Climate
Legacies of a Vulnerable Landscape
Climate Change in Southwest Asia and North Africa
Population and Settlement: Changing Rural and Urban WorldsThe Geography of Population
Water and Life: Rural Settlement Patterns
Cityscapes: Cairo, City of Many Neighborhoods Many-Layered Landscapes: The Urban Imprint
A Region on the Move
Working Toward Sustainability: Masdar City Emerges in the Desert Shifting Demographic Patterns
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Complex Cultural MosaicPatterns of Religion
Geographies of Language
Regional Cultures in Global Context
Geopolitical Framework: Never-Ending TensionsThe Colonial Legacy
Modern Geopolitical Issues
An Uncertain Political Future
People on the Move: The Syrian Exodus
Table of Contents
Economic and Social Development: A Region of Stark ContrastsMeasuring Development
The Geography of Fossil Fuels
Regional Economic Patterns
Exploring Global Connections: Yanbu as a Global City
Everyday Globalization: Popping Pills from Israel A Woman's Changing World
Global Economic Relationships
Southwest Asia and North Africa In Review
8 EuropePhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Human Transformation of a DiverseLandscape
Landform Regions
Europes Climate
Seas, Rivers, and Ports
Environmental Issues: Local and Global
Climate Change in Europe
Working Toward Sustainability: Germanys Energy Transformation
Population and Settlement: Slow Growth, Rapid Migration, and Widespread UrbanismLow (or No) Natural Growth
Migration to and Within Europe
People on the Move: The Roma, Europes Largest Ethnic Minority
Landscapes of Urban Europe
Cityscapes: Dresden and Its Symbolic Landscape
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Mosaic of DifferencesGeographies of Language
Geographies of Religion, Past and Present
Everyday Globalization: International Students in Europe European Culture in a Global Context
Geopolitical Framework: A Dynamic MapRedrawing the Map of Europe Through War
A Divided Europe, East and West
The Balkans: Waking from a Geopolitical Nightmare
A Europe of Small Regions?
Economic and Social Development: Integration and TransitionEuropes Industrial Revolution
Rebuilding Postwar Europe
Economic Disintegration and Transition in Eastern Europe
Promise and Problems of the Eurozone
Exploring Global Connections: Gas, Money, and Politics in Europes Southeast
Table of Contents
Corner Europe In Review
9 The Russian DomainPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: A Vast and Challenging Land
A Diverse Physical Setting
Exploring Global Connections: Russian Meteorite Fragments Go Global A Devastated Environment
Working Toward Sustainability: Lake Baikals Success Story
Climate Change and the Russian Domain
Population and Settlement: An Urban DomainPopulation Distribution
Regional Migration Patterns
Cityscapes: Kiev, Enduring Cultural Capital
People on The Move: Moscows Central Asian Communities Inside the Russian City
The Demographic Crisis
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Legacy of Slavic DominanceThe Heritage of the Russian Empire
Geographies of Language
Geographies of Religion
Russian Culture in Global Context
Geopolitical Framework: Resurgent Global SuperpowerGeopolitical Structure of the Former Soviet Union
Current Geopolitical Setting
Geopolitics in the South and West
The Shifting Global Setting
Economic and Social Development: The Key Role of EnergyThe Legacy of the Soviet Economy
The Post-Soviet Economy
Growing Economic Globalization
Everyday Globalization: How the Russian Domain Shapes the Virtual World
Russian Domain In Review
10 Central AsiaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Steppes, Deserts, and ThreatenedLakes
Central Asias Physical Regions and Climate
Central Asias Environmental Challenges
Everyday Globalization: Kazakhstan, Home of the Apple Climate Change in Central Asia
Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Oases Amid Vacant Lands
Table of Contents
Highland Population and Subsistence Patterns
Pastoralism and Farming in the Lowlands
Urbanization in Central Asia
Working Toward Sustainability: Pastoralism in Mongolia
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting Ground of Different TraditionsHistorical Overview: Steppe Nomads and Silk Road Traders
Cityscapes: Kabul, A Precariously Booming City Contemporary Linguistic and Ethnic Geography
Geography of Religion
Central Asian Culture in International Context
Geopolitical Framework: Political Reawakening in a Power VoidPartitioning of the Steppes
Central Asia Under Communist Rule
Current Geopolitical Tensions
Global Dimensions of Central Asian Geopolitics
People on the Move: Afghan Refugees in Iran
Economic and Social Development: Abundant Resources, Struggling EconomiesEconomic Development in Central Asia
Exploring Global Connections: The Heroin and Opium Trade from Afghanistan Social Development in Central Asia
Central Asia In Review
11 East AsiaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Resource Pressures in a CrowdedLand
East Asias Physical Geography
East Asias Environmental Challenges
Working Toward Sustainability: Japans Smart City Movement Dams, Flooding, and Soil Erosion in China
Climate Change in East Asia
Population and Settlement: A Realm of Crowded Lowland BasinsAgriculture and Settlement in Japan
Agriculture and Settlement in China, Korea, and Taiwan
Agriculture and Resources in Global Context
Urbanization in East Asia
Cityscapes: Hong Kong, the Vertical City
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Historical Influence of Confucianism andBuddhism
Unifying Cultural Characteristics
Religious Unity and Diversity
Linguistic and Ethnic Diversity
Table of Contents
East Asian Cultures in Global Context
Geopolitical Framework: Struggles for Regional DominanceThe Evolution of China
The Rise of Japan
Postwar Geopolitics
Global Dimensions of East Asian Geopolitics
Exploring Global Connections: China Courts the Portuguese-Speaking World
Economic And Social Development: A Core Region of the Global EconomyJapans Economy and Society
The Newly Industrialized Countries
Everyday Globalization: The East Asian Smartphone Connection Chinese Development
People on the Move: North Koreas Hidden Migration Streams Social Development in East Asia
East Asia In Review
12 South AsiaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: From Tropical Islands to MountainRim
The Four Physical Subregions of South Asia
Environmental Issues in South Asia
Working Toward Sustainability: Green Schools and Eco-Tourism in Bhutan South Asias Monsoon Climates
Climate Change in South Asia
Population and Settlement: The Demographic DilemmaThe Geography of Population Expansion
Migration and the Settlement Landscape
Agricultural Regions and Activities
Urban South Asia
Cityscapes: Karachi, Pakistans Sprawling Megacity
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Common Heritage Undermined by ReligiousRivalries
Origins of South Asian Civilizations
The Caste System
Contemporary Geographies of Religion
Geographies of Language
South Asians in a Global Cultural Context
Everyday Globalization: Customer Support Call Centers in India
Geopolitical Framework: A Deeply Divided RegionSouth Asia Before and After Independence in 1947
Ethnic Conflicts and Tensions in South Asia
Table of Contents
People on the Move: Migration from Bangladesh to Assam, India The Maoist Challenge
International Geopolitics
Economic and Social Development: Rapid Growth and Rampant PovertyGeographies of Economic Development
Exploring Global Connections: The Troubled Tourism Industry in the Maldives Globalization and South Asias Economic Future
Social Development
South Asia In Review
13 Southeast AsiaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: A Once-Forested Region
Patterns of Physical Geography
The Deforestation of Southeast Asia
Fires, Smoke, and Air Pollution
Climate Change in Southeast Asia
Working Toward Sustainability: Malaysias National Physical Plan
Population and Settlement: Subsistence, Migration, and CitiesSettlement and Agriculture
Recent Demographic Change
Urban Settlement
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting Ground of World CulturesThe Introduction and Spread of Major Cultural Traditions
Cityscapes: Baguio, the Summer Capital of the Philippines Geography of Language and Ethnicity
Southeast Asian Culture in Global Context
Exploring Global Connections: Baltimore Turns to the Philippines to RecruitTeachers for Inner-City Schools
Geopolitical Framework: War, Ethnic Strife, and Regional CooperationBefore European Colonialism
The Colonial Era
The Vietnam War and Its Aftermath
Geopolitical Tensions in Contemporary Southeast Asia
International Dimensions of Southeast Asian Geopolitics
People on the Move: Burmese Migrants in Thailand
Economic and Social Development: The Roller-Coaster Ride of Developing EconomiesUneven Economic Development
Globalization and the Southeast Asian Economy
Issues of Social Development
Everyday Globalization: The Southeast Asian Palm Oil Connection
Southeast Asia In Review
Table of Contents
14 Australia and OceaniaPhysical Geography and Environmental Issues: Varied Landscapes and Habitats
Topography of Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealands Climates
Oceanias Diverse Environments
Australias Unique Plants and Animals
Complex Environmental Issues
Climate Change in Oceania
Working Toward Sustainability: Sea-Level Rise and the Future of Low Islands
Population and Settlement: Migration, Cities, and Empty SpacesContemporary Population Patterns
Cityscapes: Perth, Australias Boomtown Historical Geography
Settlement Landscapes
Diverse Demographic Paths
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Global CrossroadsMulticultural Australia
Cultural Patterns in New Zealand
The Mosaic of Pacific Cultures
People on the Move: Australias Asylum Problem Gender Geographies
Sports in Oceania
Everyday Globalization: Hawaiian Pidgin Interactions with the Larger World
Geopolitical Framework: A Region of Dynamic PolitiesRoads to Independence
Exploring Global Connections: Hypercommunication Comes to Oceania Land and Native Rights Issues
The Strategic Pacific
Economic and Social Development: Increasing Ties to AsiaThe Australian and New Zealand Economies
Oceanias Economic Diversity
Oceania in Global Context
Continuing Social Challenges
Australia and Oceania In Review
Glossary
Text and Illustration Credits
IndexA
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Notes