diversity and human sociality - survey research - ferry koster eur/uva/lei
TRANSCRIPT
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Diversity and human sociality- survey research -
Ferry Koster EUR/UvA/LEI
www.ferrykoster.nl
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Survey research
• Research questionsIs solidarity affected by ageing and migration? What factors hinder or strengthen solidarity?
• Solidarity Formal or informal; voluntary of obligatory; …….
• Human socialityConditions for solidarity
• Effects of ageing and migrationSimilarities (distance) and differences (motives)
• Levels of analysisIndividual (micro); networks and social structures (meso); institutions (macro)
• Today: focus on migration•National and occupational composition (Burgoon, Koster and Van Egmond, 2012)•National and regional composition (Koster, 2012)
• Data en methods
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Migration and sociality
• Effects of diversity• Economic threat• Cultural conflict• Social distance
• Different kinds of sociality• Interpersonal trust• Institutional trust• Government redistribution
• Contrasting effects
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Migration and sociality
• Prior studies • National (comparative)• National en individual (comparative)• Regional and individual (single country)
• Related studies• Compensation hypothesis• Contact/conflict/constrict hypothesis
• Research focus• Level of analysis: comparing national and meso level• Different kinds of diversity• Different dependent variables• Different mechanisms
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Overview of the studies
Study #1Burgoon, Koster & Van
Egmond (2012)
Study #2
Koster (2012)
Data sources
Social context
Macro level
Meso level
Dependent variables
Data
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Overview of the studies
Study #1Burgoon, Koster & Van
Egmond (2012)
Study #2
Koster (2012)
Data sources European Social Survey 1-4
Social context
Macro level % foreign born in country
Meso level % foreign born in occupation
Dependent variables Support for government
redistribution
Data>90,000 individuals in 17
countries (OECD)
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Overview of the studies
Study #1Burgoon, Koster & Van
Egmond (2012)
Study #2
Koster (2012)
Data sources European Social Survey 1-4 European Social Survey 1-4
Social context
Macro level % foreign born in country Fractionalization
Meso level % foreign born in occupation Diversity in origin, language
and religion
Dependent variables Support for government
redistribution
Interpersonal trust, institutional trust, and support for
government redistribution
Data>90,000 individuals in 17
countries (OECD)>160,000 individuals in 123
regions in 30 countries
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Study #1
Government redistribution
Unemployment risk
Poverty risk Satisfaction with economy
Foreign born in occupation
Foreign born in country
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Study #1
Government redistribution
Unemployment risk
Poverty risk Satisfaction with economy
Foreign born in occupation
0.32**
Foreign born in country
0.35
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Study #1
Government redistribution
Unemployment risk
Poverty risk Satisfaction with economy
Foreign born in occupation
0.32** 0.87** 0.56** -1.38**
Foreign born in country
0.35
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Study #1
• More support for government redistribution in more diverse occupations
• Effects of risks (economic threat)
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Study #2
• Measuring heterogeneity • ESS items
• Country of origin: “In which country were you born?” (diversity in origin)• Language: “What language or languages do you speak most often at home?”
(linguistic diversity)• Religion: “Do you consider yourself as belonging to any particular religion or
denomination?”, “If yes, which one?” (religious diversity)
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Study #2
Ethnic fractionalization
Linguistic fractionalization
Religious fractionalization
Diversity in origin
Linguistic diversity
Religious diversity
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Study #2
Ethnic fractionalization
Linguistic fractionalization
Religious fractionalization
Diversity in origin 0.455 0.628 0.053
Linguistic diversity
0.821 0.818 0.160
Religious diversity
0.414 0.506 0.695
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Study #2
Ethnic fractionalization
Linguistic fractionalization
Religious fractionalization
Diversity in origin 0.455 0.628 0.053
Linguistic diversity
0.821 0.818 0.160
Religious diversity
0.414 0.506 0.695
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Study #2
Interpersonal trust
Institutional trustGovernment
redistribution
Diversity in origin
Linguistic diversity
Religious diversity
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Study #2
Interpersonal trust
Institutional trustGovernment
redistribution
Diversity in origin -0.30
Linguistic diversity
-0.17
Religious diversity
0.32
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Study #2
Interpersonal trust
Institutional trustGovernment
redistribution
Diversity in origin -0.30 0.81*
Linguistic diversity
-0.17 0.93**
Religious diversity
0.32 0.31
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Study #2
Interpersonal trust
Institutional trustGovernment
redistribution
Diversity in origin -0.30 0.81* -0.93**
Linguistic diversity
-0.17 0.93** -0.22
Religious diversity
0.32 0.31 -0.46**
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Study #2
• More institutional trust in more diverse regions• Less support for government redistribution in more diverse
regions• Social distance?
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Conclusion
• Role of meso level, beyond macro and micro level• Measuring social structures using survey data• Different mechanisms• Contrasting results• Extending and comparing with ageing
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Thank you