DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS

G9 Alpha and Delta – 2011Mr. ARNOLD, Rafael

The Animal CellNUCLEUS:

Contains DNA.

MITOCHONDRIA: Generate most of the cell's supply of energy

GOLGI APPARATUS: Processes and

packages macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids.

LYSOSOMES: Contains enzymes to break up waste materials and

cellular debris

ROUGH E. R.: Synthesizes

proteins.

SMOOTH E. R.: Among other functions, cell

detoxification.

CELL MEMBRANE

Different Types of Animal Cells

Plant CellNUCLEUS:

Contains DNA.

ROUGH E. R.: Synthesizes proteins.

VACUOLE: Isolates materials

GOLGI APPARATUS: Processes and

packages macromolecules, such

as proteins and lipids

CELL WALL

CELL MEMBRANE

MITOCHONDRIA: Generate most of the cell's supply of

energy

CHLOROPLAST: Conduct

Photosynthesis.SMOOTH E. R.: Among

other functions, cell detoxification.

What are the Differences?

X

Six KingdomsMOST MICROSCOPIC KINGDOMS

BACTERIA

ARCHAEPROTISTS

Six KingdomsMOST MULTICELLULAR KINGDOMS

ANIMALS

FUNGI

PLANTS

Video: The Six Kingdoms

Living things share common characteristcs

• Organization– Cells are the basic unit

of all living things;– The boundary

separating the inside from the outside of a cell is called cell membrane;

– The nucleus can also be surrounded by a membrane.

Living things share common characteristcs

• Growth– Living things increase in size over time;– There’s a need of replacing worn out parts or build

new ones;

Living things share common characteristcs

• Reproduction (Binary fission)– How does a cell prepare itself for replication?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

VIDEO: Binary Fission

Living things share common characteristcs

• ACTIVITY– A single S. aureus

bacterium was isolated in a petri dish. It is known that this strain of bacteria is adapted to reproduce in a very fast way, something around 1 fission every 15 minutes. How many bacteria will compose the colony after 6 hours?

• CHALLENGE!!! Graph the development of the E.coli Colony Growth on a Graph sheet, showing the 12 hours of development (these bacteria reproduce every one hour)..

Living things share common characteristcs

• Response– Living things respond to the enviroment and some

specific stimulli.

• (Videos # 1, 2 and 3)

– Hypothesis, Analysis and Conclusions

Viruses are not alive

NO ORGANELLES !!!

Bacteriophages

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hzUjx_oD8E

MICROSCOPES

• The earliest simple microscope was merely a tube with a plate for the object at one end and, at the other, a lens which gave a magnification less than ten diameters -- ten times the actual size. These excited general wonder when used to view fleas or tiny creeping things and so were dubbed "flea glasses."

• About 1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans, while experimenting with several lenses in a tube, discovered that nearby objects appeared greatly enlarged. That was the forerunner of the compound microscope and of the telescope. In 1609, Galileo, father of modern physics and astronomy, heard of these early experiments, worked out the principles of lenses, and made a much better instrument with a focusing device.

• Robert Hooke, the English father of microscopy, re-confirmed Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries of the existence of tiny living organisms in a drop of water. Hooke made a copy of Leeuwenhoek's light microscope and then improved upon his design.

Optical Microscope

• An optical microscope, also called "light microscope", is a type of a compound microscope that uses a combination of lenses magnifying the images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest type and simplest to use and manufacture.

Digital Microscope

• A digital microscope has a digital CCD camera attached to it and connected to a LCD or a computer monitor. A digital microscope usually has no eyepieces to view the objects directly. The trinocular type of digital microscopes have the possibility of mounting the camera, that would be an USB microscope.

Fluorescence Microscope• A fluorescence

microscope or "epifluorescent microscope" is a special type of a light microscope, instead of light reflection and absorption used fluorescence and phosphorescencea to view the samples and their properties.

Electron Microscope

• An electron microscope is one of the most advanced and important types of microscopes with the highest magnifying capacity. In electron microscopes electrons are used to illuminate the tiniest particles. Electron microscope is a much more powerful tool in comparison to commonly used light microscopes.

ACTIVITY: Getting Familiar with Microscopes

Answer Key

Protists are a Diverse Group of Animals

MOST OF THEM ARE UNICELLULAR

BUT THERE ARE MULTICELLULAR TOO...

• Multicellular protists have simpler structures than animals, plants or fungi;

• They also have fewer types of cells (sometimes only 1).

Protists Come in a Variety of Shapes and Sizes

Euglena Diatoms Seaweed

Protists obtain energy in three ways:

• Photosynthesis (Plant-like protists);• Parasitism (Animal-like protists);

• Decomposition (Fungus-like protists).

Plant-like protists: ALGAE

• There are unicellular and multicellular algae.

Animal-like protists: PROTOZOA

Paramecium

Fungus-like protists: MOLDS