division of air quality -- ambient monitoring -- emc member continuing education session donnie...
TRANSCRIPT
Division of Air Quality-- Ambient Monitoring --
EMC Member Continuing Education Session
Donnie RedmondSection ChiefMarch 7, 2012
BRUNSWICK
NEW HANOVER
COLUMBUS
PENDERBLADEN
RO BESON
CARTERETONSLOWSCOTLAND
DUPLIN
CU
MB
ERLA
ND
ANSONHO KERICHMOND
SAMPSONUNION
CLAY JONESPAMLICO
CHEROKEE MACONTRANSYLVANIA
CLEVELANDLENOIRLENOIRMECKLENBU RG
MONTGOM
ERY
CA
BA
RR
US
CRAVENGASTON
JACKSON MOOREPOLK STANLY
GRAHAM HARNETTHENDERSONRUTHERFORD
GREENELEELINCOLN
PITT
SWAIN
HAYWOODHYDEJOHNSTON
WAYNE
BEAUFORTBUNCOMBE
CATAWBACHATHAM
MCDOWELLRANDOLPH
ROWAN
BURKEDAREIR
EDEL
L
MARTIN WASHINGTON
WILSON
DAVIDSON TYRRELLWAKE
ALAMANCE
DAVIE EDGECOMBEMADISON YANCEY
ALEXA NDERCALDWELL
GUILFORD
MITC
HELL
BERTIENASH
AVERY
CH
OW
ANFORSYTH
FRANKLIN
PERQUIMANS
GR
AN
VIL
LE
ORANGE
WATAUGAWILKES
YADKIN
HALIFAX
CA
MD
EN
HERTFORD
SURRY WARREN
CURRITUCK
ASHECASWELL
GATESPERSONROCKINGHAMSTOKES
VANCE
ALLEGHANYNORTHAMPTON
DURHAM
PASQUOTANK
Topics to be Covered
Ambient Monitoring Why do we do it? Who determines how many to operate? How do we decide where to put them? What do monitors look like? (Pictures!)
Improvements and Challenges
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Toxics monitoring
The Division does some Toxics monitoring
That’s another group You’ll see them another time
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Ambient Monitoring: Why?
EPA requirements Highest concentrations Population exposure Background
Research Public health effects re pollutant levels To better understand control strategies Public interest
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Ambient Monitoring: What?
EPA regulations lay out minimum requirements Number of monitors Where to locate them How long to operate them
Different rules for each pollutant
Same standards apply across the nation
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Example: Ozone requirements
Any metro area (MSA) with 350,000 people Must have at least one ozone monitor If >85% of the standard, must have two
Any MSA with at least 50,000 people Must have a monitor if >85% of standard
At least one monitor in each area must be for maximum concentration
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Ozone monitoring req’ts (cont.)
Nine NC metro areas have >350,000 people Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham, Greensboro, Winston-
Salem, Asheville, Hickory, Fayetteville, Wilmington Each must have at least one monitor Second monitor required if near ozone standard
Five other MSAs with <350,000 people Greenville, Rocky Mount, Jacksonville, Goldsboro,
Burlington One monitor required if >85% of standard
85% of the standard (75ppb) is ~64 ppb7
Ozone monitoring req’ts (cont.)
Other considerations Additional monitors may help reduce the size
of a nonattainment area How do you know if you’re >85% if you don’t
have a monitor?!
Number of required ozone monitors can add up quickly!
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Example: Fine particles (PM2.5)
Population and concentration standards 2 or 3 monitors if >1 million people 1 or 2 monitors if >0.5 million people 0 or 1 monitor if > 50,000 people At least one monitor must be in population-oriented
area of expected maximum concentration Co-located continuous monitors also required
At least one site for background
Another for regional transport
Speciation monitors also required9
Fine particles (PM2.5)
Federal Reference Method or “FRM” Traditionally/historically, this is the monitor to
determine attainment or not 24-hour sample, usually every 3 days Filters returned to lab for analysis Results are not known for weeks or months
Continuous monitors (new technology) 1-hour samples, runs continuously Results available immediately on website
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Other pollutants
NO2 Population and traffic volume
SO2 Population and emissions weighted index
Lead Emissions-based
CO No population-based requirements
Additional background monitors in support of PSD permitting
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Ambient Monitoring: Where?
http://ncair.org/monitor/data/monitorsites2011.pdf 12
Ambient Monitoring: Who?
Statewide network Regional office staff operates the monitors Electronics calibration/repair shop in Raleigh Two labs in Raleigh Central office does QA, SOPs, and reporting
Local programs Mecklenburg, Forsyth, Western NC
Cherokee tribe
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Ambient Monitoring:
http://xapps.enr.state.nc.us/aq/ambient/AmbtPollutant.jsp 14
Particulate monitor at Spruce Pine
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Particulate at Goldsboro
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Ozone at Mocksville
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Whole bunch of ‘em at Raleigh
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Gaseous monitors
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Continuous particulate monitor
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Hydrocarbon sampler
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SO2 at Bayview (my favorite!)
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Ozone at Purchase Knob
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Site Characteristics
Must meet EPA requirements, including Distance from trees, buildings, roads Nearby emissions sources Prevailing wind direction Height of sample probe above ground
Other considerations Safety of technicians (traffic, terrain) Access to power and phone Cost to use site (free is good!) Co-located with other instruments
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Miscellaneous Notes
Not all monitors run all the time Some are seasonal, some year-round Some continuous, some every six days Some operate every third year
Meteorological sites
Pollen monitor Not required, but people like the daily tweet
Network plan public review every June
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Quality Assurance requirements
Chemists/statisticians review, validate, and report all the data Calibrations Power failures “Exceptional events”, i.e., fires Monitor performance issues
Temperature, humidity, leaks Insects Completeness
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Challenges
It’s expensive! Every pollutant uses different box
Must undergo EPA certification Each box typically costs $10k-20k
Special materials that don’t react with sample Stuff breaks, need inventory of parts and spares Field operations, travel, phone, utilities, critters
Ever changing EPA requirements Standards getting closer to background levels Accuracy becomes more important
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Improvements
Reviewing long-time way of doing things Automating some functions, revising others
Public demand for instant accurate info Looking into wireless web-based polling
Newer technology analyzers Less manpower intensive
Cooperative agreements with other agencies
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Questions?
Donnie RedmondAmbient Monitoring Section [email protected]
References 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D
http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2010/julqtr/pdf/40cfr58AppD.pdf DAQ website
http://www.ncair.org/
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