dme and lpg - aegpl and lpg .pdf · dme and lpg. 2 aegpl conference ... on net calorific value...

AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon

DME and LPG

2 AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 – F. Bollon

DME and LPG

DME ReminderSpecificationsProductionUtilizationsDME and XTL competitors

DME (as fuel) is at the gates of Europe

DME/LPG blends: already a reality in China

DME standardization issues


DME (Dimethyl Ether) specifications

on net calorific value basis1.6 kg of DME is equivalent to 1 kg of LPG1.25 m3 of DME is equivalent to 1 m3 of LPG1.2 m3 of DME is equivalent to 1 m3 of diesel

Property Methane Propane DME Butane Diesel oilChemical formula CH4 C3H8 CH3OCH3 C4H10 -Boiling point (°C) -161.5 -42.0 -25.1 -0.5 180 - 360

Liquid Density (g/cm3, 20°C) - 0.49 0.67 0.57 0.84

Specific gravity of gas (vs. air) 0.55 1.52 1.59 2.00 -Saturated vapor pressure (atm, 25°C) - 9.3 6.1 2.4 -Ignition point (°C) 650 470 235 430 250Explosion limit (%) 5 - 15 2.1 - 9.4 3.4 - 17 1.9 - 8.4 0.6 - 7.5Cetane number 0 5 55 - 60 10 40 - 55Net calorific value (kcal/kg) 12 11,1 6,9 10,93 10,2Net calorific value (kcal/l) liquid - 5,4 4,6 6,2 -8,6

Net calorific value (kcal/Nm3) 8,6 21,8 14,2 28,3 -


Completely safe with no adverse impact on healthDecomposes in the atmosphere in several tens of hoursNo sulfur contentNo direct carbon bonds

(CH3-O-CH3)

No problems expanding use

No concern over ozone layer depletion (alternative to CFCs)No SOx emission from combustion

No particulate matter (PM) or soot emission from combustion

DME: an environmentally-friendly fuel

DME is a clean burning alternative to LPG and diesel.


DME: An energy carrier for a sustainable development

DMEDME

Transportation fuelTransportation fuel

Domestic LPG usersDomestic LPG users

Power GenerationPower Generation

Chemical FeedstockChemical FeedstockSynt

hesi

s G

asSy

nthe

sis

Gas

Tran

spor

t to

Mar

kets

Tran

spor

t to

Mar

kets

Fuel cellsFuel cells

CONVERSION TRANSPORT

CoalCoal

Heavy oilHeavy oil

Bio MassBio Mass

SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUEL

PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE

COMMERCIAL USE

Natural GasNatural Gas


DME Production

DME can be produced bymethanol dehydrationdirect synthesis

DME production capacities (end 2006)Already installed 440 kt/aUnder construction 2,150 kt/aAnnouncement 6,800 to 14,500 kt/a

Expected DME market in 2020: For China: 20 MTFor Japan: 6 MT


DME capacities in China (installed and expected)

Cumulated DME capacity in China

40 155 275

935

1555

4155

8355

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

year

Thousands MT/yr


DME utilizations

1st DME Market

2nd DME Market


DME and other X-to-liquids competition

DME is the simpliest XTL product

and one of the most promising XTL way

GTL GTDME CTL CTDME BTL

70 à 100 45 à 85 80 à 120 50 à 85 >180

55% 65% 46% à 52% 44% à 54% 40%

1,2 0,7 4,5 à 5 4 à 4,5 εConcawe Report Conv. Diesel

200 290 265 340 330 330 à 380

150 170 150 350 340 10 à 15GHG g CO2eq/Km

CO2 (TCo2 emitted/Tep of Product)

Capital Intensity (K$/bbl/d(*))Yield (HHV)

Yield WTW (MJ/100Km)

(K$/bbl/d) ε


DME and XTL Competitors (TTW)

The "best in class" is obtained from DME with an adapted Diesel engine, with 126.8 g CO2eq/kmSource: Tank-to-Wheels report March 2007 – Concawe Eucar

(Tank-to-Wheels analysis)


DME at the gates of Europe

China is building new capacities of DME and already using it mixed with LPG. This DME is mainly produced from methanol (made from coal) or fromimported methanol

A Japanese consortium (Total 10%) is on the way to build a DME plant in Niigata made from ex-gas methanol

Korea has made some laboratory tests on DME

India is checking DME for LPG/DME blends

Egypt with Methanex is planning to build a DME plant

Iran planned to build a DME plant in the South of Iran

Turkey and Russia are working on DME

Sweden is working on DME from biomass


DME/LPG properties

Evaluation tests conducted by Japan LPG Center for some LPG appliances:

Combustion characteristicsOperating performance of burner safety device

According to Japan LPG Center and for cooking appliances, the upper limit for DME in the DME/LPG mixture is assumed to be about 20% to 25% wt DME (without appliances modifications)

Totalgaz is currently testing DME/LPG blends to verify thoseannouncements


DME/LPG blends properties

DME/LPG blends with 20 to 30% weight DMECompatible with most of the metalsCompatible with some polymers but not all the onesused for LPG (these polymers are mainly used for the seals of LPG equipment)

Stable in motionless conditionsCombustion possible with some LPG burners but with a scale-downed efficiencySome problem of combustion of the residue remaining in cylinders with some DME/LPG blends


DME/LPG blends properties

According to the Chinese producers replacing 1 kg of LPG by 1 kg of DME does not change significantly the duration for boiling 1 liter of water

The cost of DME could be reduced dramatically by the scale-up of the capacity of DME plant

But the price of methanol can be a limitation to the reduction of the production cost of DME


DME as alternative to diesel

Test runs of DME trucks and buses in Japan

10 buses using DME in Shanghai from 8 May 2007

1,000 buses using DME in Shanghai in 2008?

Volvo trucks / Nissan Diesel

Isuzu (subsidiary of Toyota)


DME standardization

The increase of DME as fuels in China, Japan and progressively in some other countries implies some international standards in orderto ensure a global openness and transparency in the international commerce of DME

The Technical Committee on Chemical Products of the Japan Industrial Standards Committee has already established a tentative standard for DME as fuel under the number TS K 0011 in 2005.

But this Committee agreed that DME as alternative to diesel and DME as alternative to LPG may have separate technical specification and that the TS K 0011 is mainly a proposal for DME as diesel.


DME standardization

China is working on some standards for pure DME and will issue some national standards soon

IDA (International DME Association) has established a DME standardization group for following up the standardization prepared by other groups

ISO/TC28 will start soon a DME working group about DME specification


Total is also involved in a commercial plant in Japan the Niigata project

Project : Build a plant producing 80 kt/y DME from imported methanol through dehydration process, in MGC’s existing plant.

Participants are Japan DME group (MGC, Itochu, JGC, MHI) and other Japanese companies (Japex, Toyota Tsusho, Taiyo oil and Mitsubishi Chemical) Total’s participation is 10% through Total DME Japan KK Starting-up in mid 2008

Objective : Promote and develop the use of DME for :

LPG or Distillate substitutes in IndustryDiesel Transport Fuel (Heavy - Duty Trucks, Bus and small Trucks, Fleets)Diesel Power Generation systems

Sea of Japan

Pacific Ocean

Japan

Tokyo

Niigata


Information about DME

International DME Association (IDA):

www.aboutdme.org

DME Handbook issued by Japan DME Forum (available in English in October 2007)

Japan DME Forum

Korean DME Forum

dme and lpg - aegpl and lpg .pdf · dme and lpg. 2 aegpl conference ... on net calorific value...

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