dmx512 lightng contrl design

Advanced Lighting Controls Advanced Lighting Controls DesignDesign

Sunday May 28, 2006 2:00- 5:00

Joseph M. (Jody) Good, III, LC, IESNA, IALD, LEED TM- AP

Spectrum Engineers, Inc.

Salt Lake City, UT

2006

Why Control Lighting?

1.User “program” requirements

2.Legal “Code” requirements


Facility owner may require or desire lighting controls for room functionality or energy rebates


Obvious Examples: Switch or dimmed lighting in Meeting

Rooms, Classrooms, Dimmed lighting in AV, training, and

presentation roomsDimmed lighting in Video Teleconference

rooms and Auditoriums


Energy Codes-

Control Requirements, Interior

ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 2004

IECC

Mandatory Control Requirements:

AUTOMATIC LIGHTING SHUTOFFAll buildings > 5000 sq ft shall have an

Automatic Control Device to shut off building lighting in all spaces.

a. Time of dayb. Occupancy sensorc. Signal from another system’s sensor


SPACE CONTROLAll spaces with ceiling height partitions shall

have at least one control device to independently control the general lighting in the space.

(IECC- Uniform Lighting Reduction Controls Required, with exceptions.)


Manual control shall be able to

See the lighting ( or with pilot light) or remote for safety then clearly labeled


Automatic control (30 minutes) after all occupants leave the space except spaces with “Multi-scene Controllers” in

Classrooms (some exceptions) Conference & Meeting roomsEmployee Lunch and Break rooms


All other spaces: Each control device shall be manually or automatically

by sensing the occupants.

For spaces up to 10,000 sq ft- 1 per 2500 sq ft max, over 10,000 sq ft, 1 per 10,000 sq ft max.

Capable of overriding time of day scheduled shutoff for no more than 4 hours. (IECC 2 Hours)


Summary:

Time of day shutoff required in all spaces > 5,000 sq ft.

Large spaces require sub-divisions to automatically control or override.


BIG EXCEPTIONMulti-scene Controllers” in Classrooms (some exceptions) Conference & Meeting roomsEmployee Lunch and Break roomsMulti Scene controllers are NOT REQUIRED

to be to be connected to other automatic lighting shutoff controls.

Controls for Exterior Lighting:

All non-exempt outdoor lighting must be controlled.

Astronomic clock or photocell.

Additional controls:

Display/ Accent/ Case/ Permanent Task lights, others.

Master Switch for Hotel Guestrooms

GREEN OWNER:GREEN OWNER:

LEED tm: Minimum Energy Code: Controls LEED tm: Minimum Energy Code: Controls (Energy & Atmosphere (Energy & Atmosphere

Prerequisite 2)Prerequisite 2) Enhanced Personal Lighting Controls Enhanced Personal Lighting Controls (Indoor Environmental Quality Credit (Indoor Environmental Quality Credit

6.1)6.1) Reduced Energy : (Energy & Atmosphere Reduced Energy : (Energy & Atmosphere

Credit 1)Credit 1) Basic Commissioning: Basic Commissioning: (Energy & Atmosphere (Energy & Atmosphere

Prerequisite 1)Prerequisite 1) Additional Commissioning: Additional Commissioning: (Energy & Atmosphere (Energy & Atmosphere

Prerequisite 3)Prerequisite 3)

GETTING ITGETTING IT

Does it Does it HAVE TOHAVE TO be controlled? be controlled? CONTROL TYPECONTROL TYPE

– SwitchedSwitched– DimmedDimmed

CONTROL METHODCONTROL METHOD– ManualManual– AutomaticAutomatic

Time, Occupancy, Photocel, etc.Time, Occupancy, Photocel, etc. LARGE or LARGE or SMALLSMALL SCALE SCALE

Passive Lighting ControlsPassive Lighting Controls

How to control lighting?How to control lighting? PASSIVE - Local Autonomous SystemsPASSIVE - Local Autonomous Systems Occupancy SensorsOccupancy Sensors Auto on and auto offAuto on and auto off OR Manual on auto offOR Manual on auto off Self Adjusting Delays and SensitivitySelf Adjusting Delays and Sensitivity Single or Dual Tech Single or Dual Tech (PIR, Ultrasonic acoustic) (PIR, Ultrasonic acoustic) Photo receptive featurePhoto receptive feature

Passive Lighting ControlsPassive Lighting Controls

Relay SystemsRelay Systems– Time of Day ControlTime of Day Control– Dusk Dawn Shift FeatureDusk Dawn Shift Feature– Photo receptive featurePhoto receptive feature– Local OverrideLocal Override

Key or Pushbutton StationsKey or Pushbutton Stations““Sentinel Switch” Sentinel Switch”

– Distributed Loadcenters Network Distributed Loadcenters Network TopologyTopology

ACTIVE Lighting ControlACTIVE Lighting Control

Occupant InterventionOccupant Intervention SwitchSwitch Manual DimmerManual Dimmer Manual on / Auto off Occupancy Manual on / Auto off Occupancy

SensorSensor Preset Selection for DimmersPreset Selection for Dimmers

– Might be BMS or Time of Day / Photocel Might be BMS or Time of Day / Photocel ControlledControlled

Hybrid or Combination SystemsHybrid or Combination Systems

Photocel on/ clock offPhotocel on/ clock off Complex Occupancy sensor situationsComplex Occupancy sensor situations

– Multi HeadMulti Head– Multi RelayMulti Relay– (Emergency loads)(Emergency loads)

Dual Technology SensorsDual Technology Sensors– Any tech on / hold / offAny tech on / hold / off– Better: Both Tech on (or manual on) / any Better: Both Tech on (or manual on) / any

tech hold on / both tech off tech hold on / both tech off

Occupancy Sensors and Occupancy Sensors and Daylight ControlsDaylight Controls

Occupants prefer a occupancy sensor Occupants prefer a occupancy sensor with photocel be set to use photocel with photocel be set to use photocel to decide lights on when daylight to decide lights on when daylight present as lights are turned on when present as lights are turned on when room becomes occupiedroom becomes occupied

Avoid turning lights off on occupantsAvoid turning lights off on occupants

Example SpecificationsExample Specifications

Shall use microprocessor for motion Shall use microprocessor for motion signal analysis and internal, adaptive self-signal analysis and internal, adaptive self-adjustment.adjustment.

No manual adjustment shall be required No manual adjustment shall be required at the time of installation or during at the time of installation or during operation.operation.

Shall save learned and adjusted settings Shall save learned and adjusted settings in non-volatile memory that retains all in non-volatile memory that retains all settings during power outages.settings during power outages.


Shall recognize motion detected within Shall recognize motion detected within 20 seconds of turning off lighting as a 20 seconds of turning off lighting as a false off. In response to a false off, the false off. In response to a false off, the microprocessor shall increase the time-microprocessor shall increase the time-off setting.off setting.

Maximum adapted time-out shall not Maximum adapted time-out shall not exceed 30 minutes.exceed 30 minutes.

Walk through feature shall shut off lights Walk through feature shall shut off lights within 2.5 minutes after momentary within 2.5 minutes after momentary occupancy.occupancy.


Shall beep before load is automatically Shall beep before load is automatically switched off.switched off.

Shall have a 3-position service switch: Shall have a 3-position service switch: off, auto, and on.off, auto, and on.

Four, selectable manual timer settings Four, selectable manual timer settings shall be available from 30sec to shall be available from 30sec to 20min.20min.

Available for wall or ceiling sensorsAvailable for wall or ceiling sensors

ROOM LAYOUTROOM LAYOUT

Bill of Materials:Bill of Materials: Ceiling Dual Tech Ceiling Dual Tech

SensorSensor 277 Power Pack 277 Power Pack

(PS and Relay)(PS and Relay) 4 Emergency 4 Emergency

Transfer DevicesTransfer Devices


Bill of Materials:Bill of Materials: Ceiling Dual Tech Ceiling Dual Tech

SensorSensor 277 Power Pack 277 Power Pack (PS and Relay)(PS and Relay)120 Power Pack120 Power Pack 4 Emergency 4 Emergency

Transfer DevicesTransfer Devices


Sensor

Relays

Switches and Dimmers


Sensor LocationSensor Location Sense Room Sense Room

OccupantsOccupants Avoid False TriggeringAvoid False Triggering Use Door to provide Use Door to provide

shield shield Require Manufacturer Require Manufacturer

to submit placement to submit placement diagrams using their diagrams using their own sensitivity own sensitivity patternspatterns

LIGHTING RELAYSLIGHTING RELAYS

Large Scale ControlLarge Scale Control Flexible ControlFlexible Control Time of DayTime of Day Local ControlLocal Control Local Override Local Override


Large Scale ControlLarge Scale Control Flexible ControlFlexible Control Time of DayTime of Day Local ControlLocal Control Local Override Local Override Network Multiple Network Multiple

Panels TogetherPanels Together


Small Scale ControlSmall Scale Control Flexible ControlFlexible Control Time of DayTime of Day Local ControlLocal Control Local Override Local Override Network Multiple Network Multiple

Panels TogetherPanels Together


Digital or Analog Digital or Analog Switches or StationsSwitches or Stations


Building Wide Building Wide Solutions to Switching Solutions to Switching ProblemsProblems

Building Management SystemsBuilding Management Systems

Often we have to interface with Often we have to interface with BMS Building Management BMS Building Management Systems. Systems.

Here is a primer of the terms and Here is a primer of the terms and technology used in this business.technology used in this business.


BMS “Language”BMS “Language”• PointsPoints::• AIAI Analog Input Analog Input• AOAO Analog Output Analog Output• BIBI or or DIDI Binary / Digital Input Binary / Digital Input• BOBO or or DODO Binary / Digital Output Binary / Digital Output


Analog Input can be variable Analog Input can be variable voltage, current, or resistance voltage, current, or resistance signal.signal.

Analog Output can be variable Analog Output can be variable voltage or current.voltage or current.


Binary or Digital I or O think Binary or Digital I or O think

“ “dry contact”.dry contact”. Dimming ballast on a BMS Dimming ballast on a BMS

required 2 points for output:required 2 points for output:• 1 BI for switching the power on / 1 BI for switching the power on /

off off • 1 AO to provide the 1-10 volts.1 AO to provide the 1-10 volts.


These are generated by a circuit These are generated by a circuit on the serial signal “node” or on the serial signal “node” or “gateway”.“gateway”.

Manufacturer specific hardware Manufacturer specific hardware and software in a control and software in a control system, to access BMS system, to access BMS addressing and address to addressing and address to control properties of each node.control properties of each node.


Router/Gateway

DDC Controller

DDC Controller

DDC Controller

BacNetNode

BacNetNode

BacNet on Ethernet or Ethernet

BacNet or LonWorks

Monitored and Controlled Load Devices


DDC Controller

DDC Controller

DDC Controller

LonWorks

Monitored and Controlled Load Devices

Router/Gateway


Router/Gateway

DDC Controller

BacNetNode

BacNetNode

BacNet on Ethernet or Ethernet

BacNet or LonWorks

Interface


Networks: LonWorks – Proprietary, incremental license fee per device, RS485 2 conductor, half duplex. Mostly more expensive, but can be competitive.

BacNet- Open standard, sponsored by ASHRAE., RS485 or Ethernet. Speed is < 10 system cycles per second.

There are others, ( ie: N2, CBus, Modbus,) but these 2 are the majority of the systems,

Dimming For FunctionDimming For Function

Control Zones:1- Whiteboard2- Downlights3- Pendants4-Side Wall Slot5- Rear Wall Wash

DM-C OPTION #1DM-C OPTION #1

Various Loads, Including Power Amplifiers, if RequiredDMC-1 DMC-2 DMC-4 DMC-5 DMC-3

Line voltage in, 120 or 277 volts

DM-C OPTION #1DM-C OPTION #1With Emergency BypassWith Emergency Bypass

Various Loads, Including Power Amplifiers, if RequiredDMC-1 DMC-2 DMC-4 DMC-5 DMC-3/EM


DM-C OPTION #2 DM-C OPTION #2

Networked Wall Box DimmersNetworked Wall Box Dimmers


Preset Data

“Preset Station”

DM-C OPTION #3 DM-C OPTION #3 “Wall Box System”“Wall Box System”

Line voltage in 120Preset Data

“Preset Station”

CLASSROOMCLASSROOMControl Zones:1- Whiteboard2- Downlights3- Pendants4-Side Wall Slot5- Rear Wall Wash

Possible Interface Possible Interface RequirementsRequirements

Bac NET / Lon Works / BMS Bac NET / Lon Works / BMS Audio/Video Controls, (AMX Crestron) Audio/Video Controls, (AMX Crestron)

• Direct Access- i.e. Lutron, Direct Access- i.e. Lutron, Interface- Input, output, status Interface- Input, output, status

feedback, Bi-directional, Serial Data:feedback, Bi-directional, Serial Data:• RS 232- EIA/TIA Standard, 50 ft. limitationRS 232- EIA/TIA Standard, 50 ft. limitation• RS 485- EIA/ TIA IEEE Standard, 4,000 ft, RS 485- EIA/ TIA IEEE Standard, 4,000 ft,

limitation, 2 or 4 wire, 32 taps limitation, 2 or 4 wire, 32 taps Dry ContactsDry Contacts

Dimmer and Load TypesDimmer and Load Types

Characteristics of Load determines Characteristics of Load determines technical capability of dimmertechnical capability of dimmer

Incandescent: Resistive, simple loads. Incandescent: Resistive, simple loads. Construction can enhance noise Construction can enhance noise transmission or suppression. Tungsten transmission or suppression. Tungsten Halogen types of Incandescent are Halogen types of Incandescent are generally less noisy. They require a generally less noisy. They require a period of high temperature operation period of high temperature operation to maintain the tungsten cycle.to maintain the tungsten cycle.


Magnetic Low Voltage- Generally sees Magnetic Low Voltage- Generally sees load connected to transformer, almost load connected to transformer, almost complete dimming range. DC a danger.complete dimming range. DC a danger.

Neon Very similar to Magnetic LV, often Neon Very similar to Magnetic LV, often with low end cutoff with low end cutoff

Electronic LV- Very Different, often Electronic LV- Very Different, often called “Capacitive load”. Needs firm called “Capacitive load”. Needs firm zero crossing (Start of dimming cycle) zero crossing (Start of dimming cycle) for power converter synchronization. for power converter synchronization.


Fluorescent -electronic dimming ballasts, Fluorescent -electronic dimming ballasts, 2 or 3 wire control “line voltage phase 2 or 3 wire control “line voltage phase control”. Or 4 wire 2 wires for switched control”. Or 4 wire 2 wires for switched power and 2 for 0-10 volt control signal. power and 2 for 0-10 volt control signal.

EmergencyEmergency in General Must turn on load in General Must turn on load despite dimmer setting. Easy with despite dimmer setting. Easy with incandescent & LV loads. Much harder incandescent & LV loads. Much harder with fluorescent loads. Prefer 2 wire with fluorescent loads. Prefer 2 wire control schemes for this purpose.control schemes for this purpose.

Fluorescent DimmersFluorescent Dimmers

3 Control Techniques3 Control Techniques2 wire Phase Control and Neutral to 1 or more

Dimming Ballast Tuwire & Mark 10 Known Brands

3 wire Phase Control Switched Power and Neutral to 1 or more Dimming Ballast

4 wire Switched power and Neutral with additional 2 low voltage 0-10 volt wired to 1 or More Dimming Ballasts Helios, Mark 7, Known Brands

NOT INTERCHANGABLE WITH SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

Dimmer TechnologyDimmer Technology

(Forward) Phase Control, Triac, Dual SCRs(Forward) Phase Control, Triac, Dual SCRs ““Reverse Phase Control” Dimmers Reverse Phase Control” Dimmers

Semiconductor must be able to turn off.Semiconductor must be able to turn off.

FET, IGBT semiconductorsFET, IGBT semiconductors Sine-wave Dimmers Semiconductors to Sine-wave Dimmers Semiconductors to

turn on and turn off circuit and to shape turn on and turn off circuit and to shape the dimmer output to track the shape the dimmer output to track the shape of the wave of the incoming power. of the wave of the incoming power.

High Density Dimming High Density Dimming SystemsSystems

Rack ConsiderationRack Consideration

Fault Current RatingFault Current Rating Size and MountingSize and Mounting CoolingCooling

– Fans with NoiseFans with Noise– Convection – may require cooler Convection – may require cooler

ambient tempambient temp

Dimmer Specifications - Dimmer Specifications - RacksRacks

DMX Isolation:DMX Isolation: All DMX512 & RS485 communication ports and remote contact All DMX512 & RS485 communication ports and remote contact

input connections shall be optically isolated from all processor input connections shall be optically isolated from all processor electronics by a minimum of electronics by a minimum of 2,500V RMS isolation.2,500V RMS isolation.

Life Safety Code Panic: (Also bridge to Building Fire Life Safety Code Panic: (Also bridge to Building Fire Alarm System)Alarm System)

The Rack Processor Housing shall have the provision to select The Rack Processor Housing shall have the provision to select any of a maximum of 192 dimmer outputs to be activated by any of a maximum of 192 dimmer outputs to be activated by the the PANIC function.PANIC function. The PANIC function shall be activated or The PANIC function shall be activated or de-activated by one or more local or remote contact closures.de-activated by one or more local or remote contact closures.

Dimmer and Processor Speed:Dimmer and Processor Speed: The dimmer control electronics shall have The dimmer control electronics shall have 16 bit (minimum) 16 bit (minimum)

fade processing fade processing and a dand a dimmer update rate better than 16 msimmer update rate better than 16 ms


Line Regulation:Line Regulation:

The dimmer output levels shall be The dimmer output levels shall be regulated regulated for for incoming line voltage variations.incoming line voltage variations. The The regulation shall adjust for both RMS voltage regulation shall adjust for both RMS voltage and frequency changes of the incoming AC and frequency changes of the incoming AC wave form. Regulation shall maintain the wave form. Regulation shall maintain the desired output voltage +/- .5V volt for the desired output voltage +/- .5V volt for the entire operation range (90 – 264 VAC). The entire operation range (90 – 264 VAC). The regulation shall compensate for variations of regulation shall compensate for variations of the AC waveform on a dimmer-by-dimmer the AC waveform on a dimmer-by-dimmer basis.basis.


Output Filtering:Output Filtering:

Basic Rise dimmers shall have a rise time of Basic Rise dimmers shall have a rise time of not less than not less than 350 microseconds A350 microseconds A measured at measured at 90 degrees conduction90 degrees conduction angle angle B from B from 10% to 90% of output wave form C 10% to 90% of output wave form C with dimmer operating at with dimmer operating at maximum loadmaximum load D. Voltage D. Voltage rate of rise (slew rate) must not rate of rise (slew rate) must not exceed 420 millivolts per microsecond in exceed 420 millivolts per microsecond in any point of the wave under full load any point of the wave under full load conditionsconditions


Output Filtering:Output Filtering: 2.5.3 2.5.3 Medium rise time Medium rise time dimmers dimmers

shall have a rise time of not less than shall have a rise time of not less than 500 microseconds500 microseconds

2.5.4 2.5.4 Hi-Rise dimmersHi-Rise dimmers shall have a shall have a rise time of not less thanrise time of not less than 800 800 microseconds microseconds

Filtering CriteriaFiltering Criteria A: Rise time- in microseconds, 350 minimum A: Rise time- in microseconds, 350 minimum

800 premium800 premium B: Conduction Angle- 90 degree worst caseB: Conduction Angle- 90 degree worst case C: Percentage of waveform 10%-90% C: Percentage of waveform 10%-90%

conventional, 10%-95% or others is improving conventional, 10%-95% or others is improving spec by increasing amount if waveform spec by increasing amount if waveform measured.measured.

D: Load: Theatrical manufacturers measure at D: Load: Theatrical manufacturers measure at full load, (rarely achieved), other amounts as full load, (rarely achieved), other amounts as stated. stated.

E.: Slew Rate, some filters can take adequate E.: Slew Rate, some filters can take adequate overall time, but take too long to respond, for overall time, but take too long to respond, for example, and result in noisy lamps. example, and result in noisy lamps.


SINEWAVE Dimmers:SINEWAVE Dimmers:

Dimmer output waveform shall be a Dimmer output waveform shall be a fully symmetrical Sinewave at any fully symmetrical Sinewave at any output voltage setting eliminating all output voltage setting eliminating all lamp noise and reducing reflected lamp noise and reducing reflected harmonics on the building power harmonics on the building power supply. Total Harmonic distortion supply. Total Harmonic distortion shall be less than 1% and efficiency shall be less than 1% and efficiency shall be 98%.shall be 98%.

Dimmer Specifications - Dimmer Specifications - WBDWBD

SPEC From website informationSPEC From website information– DIMMERSDIMMERS

Manufacturer: Manufacturer: Electrical SpecificationsElectrical Specifications

– Input: 120 VAC @ 60Hz, 277VAC @ 60Hz Input: 120 VAC @ 60Hz, 277VAC @ 60Hz OKOK– Line Voltage Regulation Line Voltage Regulation Where is specification???? These can have line regulation, Where is specification???? These can have line regulation,

but what is it?but what is it?– RFI Noise Suppression RFI Noise Suppression Sure, but what??? WBD have been measured (by me) at Sure, but what??? WBD have been measured (by me) at

110 ms, 10-90% 90 degrees, full load. So “De-buzzing” 110 ms, 10-90% 90 degrees, full load. So “De-buzzing” coils (additional chokes) are sold for sensitive situations coils (additional chokes) are sold for sensitive situations and loads.and loads.

Maximum Load: 120V incandescent: 1500W stand-Maximum Load: 120V incandescent: 1500W stand-alone, alone, OKOK

Rack Controls Rack Controls

Variety of Standalone and Centralized Variety of Standalone and Centralized ControlsControls

Bag of TricksBag of Tricks

• Favorite Devices to Know About– 277 volt LV Wall Box Dimmer– Line voltage Power Booster– 4 wire Fluorescent Dimming Ballast Interface– Emergency Transfer Device– Emergency Bypass Device– Dual Technology Sensors– Fluorescent Ballast Interfaces

Bag of TricksBag of Tricks

• Resettable Switch

• Dual Voltage Anything

RememberRemember

• Today, Lighting Control is Mandatory in many cases

• Conceive the system by determining loads separately from control function

• Groups always work together, increase load, simplify programming

• Load types, ie Low voltage can affect your thinking

ThanksThanks

• Lutron, Lightolier Controls, Leviton Controls, Strand Lighting, Bodine

• Sentry Switch

• Wattstopper, Sensor Switch,

• Whoever else I Forgot

• For Samples, Photos, and Website Illustrations.

Questions?Questions?

• Download at www.spectrum–engineers.com/lighting

Go Visit these manufacturers and others on the Show Floor.

Please remember to complete the Please remember to complete the surveys / course evaluations.surveys / course evaluations.

Thank you!

We hope you enjoy the trade show and

conference!

2006

dmx512 lightng contrl design

Education

control lighting

manual control

mandatory control requirements

control type

general lighting

offbuilding lighting

passive lighting controls

desire lighting controls