dna chapter 12
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DNA Chapter 12. Write down in your notebook 5 things that you already know about DNA. Do Now:. 3 Main functions ___________ information ___________ information ___________ information. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Genes hold ___________ for cells - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
DNA CHAPTER 12
DO NOW: Write down in your notebook 5
things that you already know about DNA
DNA- DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID 3 Main functions
___________ information ___________ information ___________ information
STORES INFORMATION Genes hold ___________ for cells They control the pattern of
______________
COPYING INFORMATION Cells must make a __________ ______ of every
single gene before the cell divides. The double-stranded DNA ___________ and the
2 strands serve as a template to make a ________________ strand.
End result is ____ identical ___________ of DNA.
TRANSMIT INFORMATION __________ are passed
down from parents to ____________
DNA is carefully ________ and ___________ along when a cell divides
COMPONENTS OF DNA
DNA is a ___________ _________ HINT!!! It is the NA in DNA
It is made up of ______________.
Nucleotides are joined into long strands by ____________ (sharing) bonds.
When DNA is formed there are _____ strands of _____________.
Each strand coils around the other forming the so called ____________.
SOLVING THE DNA STRUCTURE PUZZLE
________________ made an ______________ picture that showed DNA strands twisting around each other. _________
James _________ and Francis ___________ were attempting to build a DNA ________ but the pieces did not fit properly.
But once they saw __________ x-ray, they __________ the final piece of the puzzle.
NUCLEOTIDES Nucleotides are the ___________ blocks
of ___________ ___________. They have ________ parts:
a ________ (usually a 5 carbon sugar deoxyribose)
a ____________ group (P04) a __________ _______
NITROGENOUS BASES 4 types of nitrogenous bases
[A] ____________ [G] ____________ [C] ____________ [T] ____________
_____________ Rule
Adenine bonds with Thymine
_______ hydrogen bonds
Guanine bonds with Cytosine
_______ hydrogen bonds
DOUBLE HELIX MODEL DNA is a ___________ __________
structure A twisted ladder
The 2 strands are _______________ They run in ____________ directions Nitrogenous bases meet in the _________ of
both strands.
HYDROGEN BONDS ___________ bonds are between the nitrogenous
________ holding both __________ together.
Hydrogen bonds are _________ and pull ________ easily.
These types of bonds are beneficial for when replication takes place
Sugardeoxyribose
Phosphate group
EXAMPLE QUESTION 5’ AGAATCGCATTC 3’
5’ GCTCAACTTG 3’
5’ TACAGGCAT 3’
A T C GHuman #1 20 30Human #2 24.5Human #3 17
DO NOW QUESTIONS What are the 3 main functions of DNA?
What is the function of genes?
What is a nucleic acid and what is it composed of?
DNA REPLICATION ___________- is to make a ________ of
DNA1) DNA molecule will ________ the _________ bonds and
___________ into _________ strands.a) just like a zipper would undo
2) Each strand of the double helix acts as a ___________ for making the ________ strand.
3) As each new strand forms, _____ _________ are added following the rules of base pairing.
__________ ___________4) End result is _____ ______________ DNA molecules.
TELOMERES
_______________ are the tips of chromosomes that are _________ to ____________.
Cells use an enzyme called ____________ to insure that genes will not be damaged or lost during replication.
Telomerase is usually ________ _____ in adults.
Many scientist believe that in __________ ______, telomerase is turned ______ and that may be why cancer cells ________ and divide so __________.
DNA REPLICATION ERRORS Proteins ___________ the copies to make
sure they are accurate.
Unfortunately, some errors are ____ _________ and that may cause a ________ in base order, resulting in a ____________.
Some mutations have ________ consequences.