DNA

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.

Located in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast.

Made of Nucleotides, phosphates, sugar and nitrogen bases, A,T,C,G.

Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people.

DNAThe sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.

Chromosome

• Large organized structure of DNA• Contains many genes• Humans have 23

chromosomes

Genes• Basic unit of heredity of living

organisms• Segment of a chromosome that

codes for a particular protein (trait) Physical Characteristic

• The sequence ofNucleotidesDetermines protein

DNA (nucleotide sequence)

RNAProtein

Trait

Protein to TraitThe color of human eyes are determined by the amount of a pigment (protein) called melanin.

If you produce a lot of melanin then you will have brown eyes.

If you do not produce much melanin then you will have blue eyes.

There a lot of in between, there are 8 different genes that effect human eye color.

http://www.hudsonalpha.org/education/outreach/basics/eye-color

Can you think of another trait that would be determined by genes?

Genetic Mutation

A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a large segment of a chromosome.They can be inherited or acquired.If acquired – heat, radiation or chemical.