dna lesson oc 2013
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Today we review the structure of DNA and it’s history and replication using PowerPoint and hands on activity
Today we will understand the common mechanisms of protein synthesis
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The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.
A T C G T A T G C G G…
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kK2zwjRV0M&feature=player_detailpage
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The genetic code is a sequence of nucleotides in the __________ of eukaryotic cells.
There are two polymers of nucleic acids, _____ and ______.
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Maurice Wilkins & Rosalind Franklin◦X-ray diffraction ◦DNA must be a some type of spiral
(helix)◦DNA’s diameter is constant and stable
James Watson & Francis Crick◦Created the first accurate model of DNA◦Won the Nobel Prize
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DNA is a double helixDNA contains four nucleotide bases: ◦adenine (A) ◦cytosine (C) ◦guanine (G)◦thymine (T)
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The bases form the “rungs” on the DNA ladder by complementary pairing
A == TC == GT == AG == CA == TT == A
Sugar-phosphate backbone
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Replication = Duplication◦Happens in the S phase of Interphase◦Must replicate before mitosis or meiosis
I Part of the double helix is unwound Enzyme stitches pieces together later
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How does DNA replicate?
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DNA encodes the information to make RNA.........and RNA molecules function together to make protein
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DNA is "transcribed" or re-written into RNA in a very complicated process called transcrption.
Simply stated, during transcription, one gene (DNA) is 're-written' into an RNA in the nucleus.
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During translation, the mRNA transported to the cytoplasm is "de-coded" or "translated" to produce the correct order of amino acids in a protein.. Translation requires numerous enzymes.
The Three RNAs (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) all work together to turn the information in DNA into a beautiful, 3-dimestional protein
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A length of DNA on a chromosome May be in several parts
◦Exon – the expressed parts of the DNA sequence
◦Intron – the intervening, “junk DNA”, not expressed
Parts are cut, put together and then used to make RNA and proteins