dna-syllabus: international refugee law-llm winter ... sem_international... · dna-syllabus:...

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DNA-Syllabus: International Refugee Law-LLM Winter Semester FLS-SAU 2014

SOUTH ASIAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF LEGAL STUDIES

WEEK-WISE SYLLABUS

INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW

2014

OPTIONAL PAPER

LL.M PROGRAMME-IV SEMESTER

WINTER SEMESTER

PART:-I- INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW MODULE

Course Title: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW Course Code: LW 01

Course Instructor: Dr. Nafees Ahmad

Instructor’s Webbress: [email protected], [email protected]

Course Duration: One Semester

Credit Units: 4 (MSE-40, ESE-40, TPW-15, TPP-05)

Medium of Instruction: English

Prerequisites: Nil

Precursors: Nil

Equivalent Courses: N/A

PART:- II-MODULE STRUCTURE

The entire syllabus on International Refugee Law (IRL) is divided into fourteen weeks plus two

weeks with specifics of coterminous and pervading perspectives on the ‘International Refugee Law’ and

their ductile and malleable impact upon SAARC Region in particular and upon rest of the world in general

respective municipal legal systems. Questions shall be set and proffered in all weeks. The candidates shall be

required to attempt and answer two questions out of four or more questions in the Mid-Semester

Examination and students have to attempt and answer two questions out of four or more questions in the

End-Semester Examination. All questions shall have equal marks. Upon the completion of First Six Weeks,

Mid Semester Examination shall be conducted and teaching during the examination shall remain at

abeyance.

PART:-III- NOTE ON ASSIGNMENTS

The “ASSIGNMENTS” for the Term Papers/Essay Writing shall be assigned to the students in

the Second Week of the Semester. Topics shall be decided by the Instructor in consultation with the

students. All assignments must be typewritten, double-spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font with standard

1 inch margins. All assignments must indicate the course code and the Student‟s Name and Student

Enrolment Number. Title pages and bibliographies are not counted in calculating page length for an

assignment. Assignments must also include proper footnoting. Students must use the OSCOLA for Legal

Style Sheet. Soft copies of all assignments must be emailed to the instructor and hard copies of all

assignments must be handed in to the instructor in class on the due date. Assignments that are not handed

mailto:[email protected]

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in at the beginning of the class period, even if handed in later in the day, are considered to be late.

Assignments will not be accepted under the door of the instructors‟ office. Students must keep a copy of

any assignments submitted for marking.

Requests for an extension must be made to the instructor prior to the due date and will only be

considered if there is an extreme reason (requests must be accompanied by supporting documentation).

Late assignments will be deducted 5% per day (including weekends) and must be submitted in hard copy

(stamped by the administration), as well as sent electronically to the instructor.

PART-IV: - MODULE DESCRIPTION:

The forced or otherwise displacement of persons within and/or across national borders has been

one of the most tragic and persistent issues of the twentieth century and it is likely to remain with us well

into the twenty-first century. The refugee phenomenon concerns that of flight across borders. While it is

often associated and shares many characteristics with flight within nations, which gives rise to the

phenomenon of internally displaced persons (IDPs), it is, unlike the latter, the object of a relatively well

established, if in some respects fragmented, flaunted and flabbergasted international regime. While the

international regime of IDPs is still in gestation, albeit a rapidly developing one, that of refugees started

soon after the First World War within the context of the League of Nations. This Module will start with

an introduction to the concept of international protection of refugees and an examination of the various

international attempts since 1921 to meet the problem of the forced movements of people due to

persecution or armed conflict. This will be followed by an introduction to the basics of international

refugee law, including the gaps in this body of law. This will in turn lead to a comparative study of the

refugee definitions as a basis for the determination of refugee status (RSD), the issue of the safe third

country and the problem of responsibility for determining an asylum claim, and other contentious issues

relating to RSD.

This Module also seeks to present the international legal framework for refugee and issues

incidental thereto or connected therewith and assess its evolution and work of the Office of the United

Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; refugee protection and human rights; asylum; doctrine of non-

refoulement enunciated in Article 33 under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and

under general human rights law; temporary or time-limited protection and “subsidiary protection”;

refugee detention and freedom of movement; refugee protection in armed conflict and complex

emergencies; security of refugee camps and settlements; the protection of refugee women and the

problem of sexual violence against refugees; the protection of refugee children; the developing law of

internally displaced persons; the solutions to the refugee problem; the challenge of voluntary repatriation;

and the future of international protection. The module will not concentrate on the laws of one country in

particular; rather the approach is regional (SAARCian) and multinational in order to provide an overview

of the commonalities and conflicts within the world system. Students will attain thorough understanding

of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951), as well as the principal regional conventions.

Main areas of discussion include the basic U.N. criteria for the attainment, denial, and withdrawal of

refugee status, the development of the non-refoulement principle, and the standard of treatment of

refugees.

Notwithstanding anything submitted supra, the evolutionary pace of 1951 UN Convention, role

of Europeans with regard to1951 UN Convention, Asian and South Asian Worlds Approaches to the

present refugee regime, appropriateness of the 1951 refugee regime in the SAARC context,

regionalization of the 1951 UN Convention, SAARC response to existing international refugee regime in

addressing the refugee issues in South Asian region, refugees‟ testing the boundaries of the Westphalia

order, Child Refugees & Children of Refugees, concerns & responses of refugees, future of refugees

(Cessation Clause), evolving South Asian definition of refugee, pathology of international refugee law

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and progressive development and codification of IRL under the SAARC shall also be deliberated,

delineated and discussed in a desideratum that is attended by internal and external expertise on the

subject. In essence, this module explores how attempts to distinguish between forced and voluntary

migration have shaped international norms, standards and institutions, as well as state-level practices and

localized strategies and tactics in occidental and oriental jurisdictions.

The students will be asked to address the role of human rights within the pre-flight and post-flight

cycles of the refugee experience. In addition, the political, social, and economic context of prevention,

protection, and solution strategies will be explored. A basic review of jurisprudence within international,

regional, and national courts will provide an understanding of how refugee law is interpreted and

implemented. This module will also analyze the drawbacks and benefits of alternative forms of

protection, e.g. temporary protection and safe haven. Trends vis-a-vis the expansion of the refugee

definition will be assessed by studying regional approaches to mass flight, gender persecution, the rise of

Non-State actors, and “development/environmental or climate refugees” within Africa, Latin America,

Europe, Asia and South Asia. Progressive issues such as internally displaced persons, restitution rights,

and sanctuary will also be presented.

PART-V:-MODULE AIMS

The aims of this module are to:

Allow students to undertake an introductory study of the issues facing and protections available to

refugees, displaced persons and other forced migrants at international law.

Evaluate the key concepts of regular and irregular migration, provide a brief historical overview

of the phenomenon of migration and consider the magnitude of migration at the beginning of the

twenty-first century.

Analyze the international legal norms concerning refugee protection including relevant norms of

customary international law and, in particular, the standards found in the 1951 Geneva

Convention.

Introduce the concepts of temporary and complementary protection and briefly introduce

universal instruments of human rights and humanitarian protection as they are relevant to the

refugees and internally displaced persons.

Consider specifically European and other regional norms as they are relevant to the protection of

forced migrants. This will include consideration of EU regulations and directives and key

decisions of the European Court of Human rights relevant to this issue.

PART-VI:-MODULE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (MILO)

MILO: COURSE -SPECIFIC SKILLS

Understand and critically analyze the evolution of the international protection regime available to

migrants and explain the rationales underlying the legal responses of the international community

to the varied problems of refugees;

Demonstrate in-depth knowledge of the basic principles and standards of protection found in

refugee, human rights and international law generally;

Critically evaluate the relevance of post-World War-II responses to the post-Millennium context

in which globalization, identity based conflicts, changing perceptions of security and mobility are

central.

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MILO: DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC SKILLS

Demonstrate the ability to identify key legal issues arising in this area as well as the practical

problems generated by a particular instrument;

Undertake independent research using relevant international and regional law resources;

Demonstrate an advanced capacity to handle the most important primary sources of law and

secondary sources of literature;

Demonstrate the ability to identify and address key contemporary issues of refugee law and

policy with reference to different resources;

MILO: PERSONAL AND KEY SKILLS

Demonstrate the ability to engage in independent and group research, including presentation in

written and oral form for group discussion or individual presentation;

Communicate complex ideas clearly in written and oral form;

Demonstrate the ability to research, study, identify and organize material in order to produce

clear, compelling and coherent arguments while complying with strict timelines.

PART-VII:-MODULE CONTENTS

WEEK-1:- INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW

History of Population Movements, Development of International Refugee Law: Migrants,

Immigrants, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and UN 1998 Guidelines on IDPs, Kampala

Convention on IDPs and Other Alternatives. The Concepts, Theories, the Legal and Institutional

Framework for Refugee Protection and its Expansion via the 1967 Protocol. Inter-Relationship

between National and International Protection, Subsidiary Nature of International Protection.

WEEK-2:- SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE REGIME AND ITS EVOLUTION

The Global Standard of Human Rights, Main Sources of International Refugee Law. Definition of

International Refugee Law and its Relationship with Human Rights Law, the Main Features of

1951 UN Convention and the Statute of the UNHCR, Contemporary Alternative Refugee

Definitions in 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in

Africa, the 1984 Cartagena Declaration in the Americas, Europe, Asia and South Asia.

WEEK-3:- INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE PROTECTION DIMENSIONS

Principles and Concepts of Refugee Protection, Definition of Asylum in the Context of

International Refugee Law, Non-refoulement, Non-discrimination, The Principle of Family Unity

and the Right to Family Reunification, Defending Refugee Rights in Administrative and Judicial

Institutions, Durable Solutions and International Cooperation.

WEEK-4:-UNDERSTANDING REFUGEE DEFINITION AND ITS PARADIGMS

Alienage, Outside the Country of Nationality, Owing to Fear or Is Unable or Unwilling to Avail,

Self of Protection of Country of Nationality, Dual or Multiple Nationality, Stateless, Well-

founded Fear, Persecution, Acts of Persecution, Agents of Persecution, Five Grounds: Race,

Religion, Nationality, Social Group, Political Opinion, Refugee Groups with Special Needs;

Women, Children, Elderly. Specific Cases of Granting Refugee Status (Gender Related

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Persecution, Child Specific Forms of Persecution, Persecution in Civil War Situations, Draft

Deserters and Evaders).

WEEK-5:- EXCLUSION FROM CONVENTION REFUGEE STATUS

Refugee Status Exclusion Clauses, Refugee Protection and Measures Against Terrorism,

Withdrawal, Cancellation and Revocation of Refugee Status, Cessation Clauses of Refugee

Status, Internal Protection Alternative, Reception, Detention, Recognition as a Refugee,

Procedures, Establishing the Facts, Standards of Proof, Credibility, Special Issues.

WEEK-6:- REFUGEE PROTECTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Universal Human Rights Instruments, Universal Declaration of Human Rights; The UN

International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights, The UN Convention Against Torture and

Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, The UN Convention on the Rights

of the Child, The Geneva Conventions and Protocols: Minimum Standards in Times of War,

Special Forms of Protection: Subsidiary Protection and Humanitarian Status, Temporary

Protection

MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION

WEEK-7:- REGIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REFUGEE PROTECTION

The Evolutionary Pace of 1951 UN Convention, Role of Europeans with regard to1951 UN

Convention, The Council of Europe Legal and Policy Framework for Refugee Protection, The

European Convention on Human Right and Fundamental Freedoms, The European Union, The

Evolving EU Acquis on Asylum, European Integration and Asylum. European Refugee

Protection: Practices and Policies; Access to Territory, Visas, Carrier Sanctions, Interception and

Rescue at Sea, Extraterritorial Immigration Control.

WEEK-8:- REFUGEE STATUS DETERMINATION PROCEDURES

Procedural Access and Aspects of Refugee Status Determination: the Principle of Confidentiality,

Burden and Level of Proof, Establishment of Credibility, the Benefit Of The Doubt. International

Human Rights Requirements Related To Asylum Procedures. Responsibility: The Dublin System,

Safe Third Country, Harmonizing the Definition and the Determination Procedures,

Harmonization of the 1951 Geneva Convention Refugee Definition, Minimum Standards for

Normal Procedures, Minimum Standards for Specific Procedures, Accelerated and Manifestly

Unfounded Procedures, Safe Country of Origin, Minimum Standards for Reception Conditions.

WEEK-9:- REFUGEE PROTECTION IN SAARC AND SOUTH ASIAN APPROACH TO

INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW

Asian and South Asian Worlds Approaches to the Present Refugee Regime, Appropriateness of

the 1951 Refugee Regime in the SAARC Context, Regionalization of the 1951 UN Convention,

SAARC Response to Existing International Refugee Regime in Addressing the Refugee Issues in

South Asian Region, Refugees‟ Testing the Boundaries of the Westphalian Order, Child Refugees

& Children of Refugees, Concerns & Responses of Refugees, Future of Refugees (Cessation

Clause), Pathology of International Refugee Law and Progressive Development and Codification

of IRL under the SAARC.

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WEEK-10:- TEMPORARY AND OTHER FORMS OF REFUGEE PROTECTIONS IN

INTERNATIONAL LAW

Refugee Protection in Mass Influx Situations, Prima facie Status, Temporary Asylum and

Temporary Protection, Grounds for Temporary Protection in International Law and State

Practice, Relationship Between Temporary Protection, Subsidiary Protection and Refugee Status,

Problems Related to Granting of Temporary Protection. Leaving Territory, Return Policies,

Readmission Agreements, Co-operation and Responsibility/Burden-Sharing, European Refugee

Fund, Other Agencies and Their Interaction.

WEEK-11:-CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW AND ITS

FUTURE

International Refugee Law and Strategies Towards Interpretative Harmony, Individual Risk,

Armed Conflict and the Standard of Roof in Complementary Protection Claims, Running Scared

Since 9/11: Refugees, UNHCR and the Purposive Approach to Treaty Interpretation,

Asymmetrical Sovereignty and the Refugee: Diplomatic Assurances and the Failure of Due

Process, Agiza v. Sweden and Alzery v. Sweden Elspeth Guild, Economic Harm as a Basis for

Refugee Status and the Application of Human Rights Law to the Interpretation of Economic

Persecution, The fragmented Nature of the International Refugee Regime and its Consequences: a

Comparative Analysis of the Applications of the 1951 Convention, Refugee Issues: Dynamic of

Mobility and Displacement, Women and Children Refugees, Non-Refoulement: A Peremptory

Norm of International Law, Loss and Denial of Refugee Status: Article 1F of the 1951 Refugee

Convention. (Any one issue shall be discussed)

WEEK-12:-FEEDBACK AND TERM PAPER PRESENTATION

A Critique of IRL, Presentation of the Term Papers and Online Feedback.

PART-VIII:-GRADING SYSTEM FOR THE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT:

Standard (A+, A, A-…F) Grading is based on students‟ overall performance in the

assessment tasks/activities/assignments/term papers etc.

To pass this course, students must obtain an aggregate mark of 50% and a minimum of 50%

in each of the coursework and the examination elements of the assessment. Coursework for this

purpose means those ways in which students are assessed otherwise than by the end of session

examination.

PART-IX:-PRIMARY READINGS:

1. Battjes, H. European Asylum Law and International Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006;

2. Conclusions on the International Protection of Refugees adopted by the Executive Committee of

the UNHCR Programme, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1995;

3. ECRE Report “Complementary Protection in Europe”, July 2009;

4. Feller, Erica, Türk, Volker and Nicholson, Frances (eds), Refugee Protection in International

Law.

5. Goodwin-Gill, Guy S., McAdam, Jane, The Refugee in International Law, IIInd rev. edition,

Oxford University Press, 2007;

6. Goodwin-Gill, Guy S., The Refugee in International Law, IInd edition, Clarendon Press, 1996;

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7. Grant Dawson, Sonia Farber, Forcible Displacement Throughout the Ages: Towards an

International Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Forcible

Displacement , Brill, Leiden, 2012, xv + 197 pp, ISBN 978-90-04-22054-6 (Hard Back)

8. Guild, Elspeth, Harlow, Carol, Implementing Amsterdam. Immigration and Asylum Rights in EC

Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford-Portland, 2001;

9. Handbook on Criteria and Procedures Determining the Status of Refugees, UNHCR, Geneva,

1979;

10. Hathaway James C., The Rights of Refugees under International Law, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 2005;

11. Human Rights Files, No. 9, Problems raised by certain aspects of the present situation of refugees

from the standpoint of the European Convention of Human Rights. Council of Europe Press,

1993;

12. Jakulevicien_, L., Is there a need for an extension of subsidiary protection in the European Union

Qualification Directive? // Jurisprudence, No. 2(120), 2010, p. 215–232.

13. Mélanie Jacques, Armed Conflict and Displacement , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

2012, xii + 277 pp, ISBN 978-1-107-00597-6 (Hard Back)

14. Noll, Gregor, Negotiating Asylum. The EU Acquis, exterritorial protection and the common

market of deflection, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 2000;

15. Note: Lists of European Union asylum law sources and decisions of the European Court of

Human Rights in asylum related cases will be presented separately during lectures and seminars.

16. The Refugee Convention, 1951. The Travaux Preparatoires analysed with a commentary by Dr.

Paul Weis. Cambridge International Documents Series, Volume 7, 1995;

17. UNHCR, Agenda for Protection, Second Edition, March 2003;

18. UNHCR, Study on the Implementation of the Qualification Directive “Asylum in the European

Union”, November 2007.

19. UNHCR„s Global Consultations on International Protection, Cambridge University Press, 2003;

20. Van Krieken, Peter J. The Asylum Acquis Handbook. The Foundation for a common European

Asylum Policy. The Hague, Asser Press, 2000;

21. Vysockien, Lyra, Effective Remedy in Asylum Cases with Particular Focus on Lithuania // Baltic

Yearbook of International Law, Volume 2, 2002, pp. 105-126;

PART-X:-RECOMMEDED READINGS:

1. A. Grahl-Madsen, The Status of Refugees in International Law (vols. 1 and 2. Leyden: Sijthoff,

1966, 1972)

2. American Society of International Law, Washington, D.C., 2000)

3. Amnesty International and International Service for Human Rights, The UN and Refugees’

Human Rights (London and Geneva, 1997)

4. B.S. Chimni, International Refugee Law: A Reader (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000)

5. Carlier, Jean Yves, et. al., Who is a Refugee? A Comparative Case Law Study (Kluwer Law

International, The Hague, 1997).

6. Debbas, Gowlland Vera, The Problem of the Refugees in the Light of Contemporary International

Law Issues (Martinus Nijhof, London, 1995).

7. E. Lauterpacht & D.Bethlehem, “The Scope and Content of the Principle of Non-refoulment:

Opinion,” in E. Feller, V. Turk & F. Nicholson (eds), Refugee Protection in International Law:

UNHCR‟s Gobal Consultations on International Protection, (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge

(2003) pp 87-177.

8. G.S. Goodwin-Gill, The Refugee in International Law (2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996)

9. Harris, D. J., et al., Law of the European Convention on Human Rights (Bufterworths, London,

1995).

10. Hathaway, James, C., The Law of Refugee Status (Bufterworths, Toronto, 1996).

http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Grant+Dawson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Sonia+Farber&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=M%C3%A9lanie+Jacques&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

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11. I. Jackson, The Refugee Concept in Group Situations (The Hague: Kluwer, 1999)

12. J. Hathaway (ed.), Reconceiving International Refugee Law (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1997)

13. J. Hathaway, The Law of Refugee Status (Toronto: Butterworths, 1991)

14. J. N. Saxena “Problems of Refugees in Developing Countries and the Need for International

Burden Sharing,” in K. P. Saksena (Ed) Human Rights, Perspective and Challenges, New Delhi:

Lancers Books, pp 354-68.

15. K. Musalo, J. Moore and R.A. Boswell, Refugee Law and Policy: Cases and Materials (Durham,

N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1997)

16. Kalin, Walter, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: Annotations (Studies in

Transnational Legal Policy, Washington, 2002).

17. Korn, David A., Exodus-Within Borders: An Introduction to the Crisis of Internal Displacement

(Brokings Institutions Press, Washington, 1999).

18. Mishra, Omprakash (ed.), Forced Migration in the South Asian Region (Delhi: Manak

Publications, PA. Ltd., 2004).

19. R. Cohen and F. Deng, Masses in Flight:The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement

(Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1998)

20. R. Skran, Refugees in Interwar Europe:The Emergence of a Regime (Oxford: Clarendon. 1995)

21. Raoul Wallenberg Institute, Temporary Protection: Problems and Prospects (Report no. 22,

Lund, 1996)

22. S. Lavenex, Safe Third Countries: Extending the EU Asylum and Immigration Policies to Central

and Eastern Europe (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999)

23. Singh, Nagendra, The Role and Record of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (Macmillan,

New Delhi, 1994).

24. Trakroo, Ragini and others, Refugee and the Law (Human Rights Law Network and Socio Legal

Information Centre, New Delhi, 2005).

25. UNHCR, Determination of Refugee Status (RLD2 Training Module, Geneva, 1987)

26. Vitit Muntarbhorn, The Status of Refugees in Asia (Oxford: Clarendon Press (1993)

27. 50th Anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention: The Protection of Refugee in Armed Conflict

„International Review of the Red Cross, No. 843, 2001‟.

28. Couldrey, M & T. Morris (Eds.) “UNHCR and the Convention at 50: Fighting Fit or in need of a

bypass?” Forced Migration Review, No. 10, 2001.

PART-XI: - CASES

1. A and Another v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs and Another, 24 February 1997

(High Court of Australia)

2. A v. Australia, CCPR/C/59/D/560/1993, 30 April 1997 (UN Human Rights Committee)

3. Abela & Anor, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012]

EWHC 3234 (Admin) (23 October 2012)

4. AD (Qualification Directive – Family Member) Afghanistan v. Secretary of State for the Home

Department [2007] UKAIT 00065, 23 July 2007 (UK Asylum and Immigration Tribunal)

5. Aguirre-Cervantes v. INS 242 F 3d 1169 (9th Cir 2001). (US judicial decision granting asylum to

a Mexican woman based on physical abuse by father)

6. Ahmad and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (CA) (1990) Imm AR 61. (UK

judicial decision on persecution of Ahmadiyas in Pakistan) Refugee Review Tribunal (7 July

1994) RRT Reference N93/01843. (Australian decision on persecution of Christians in China)

7. Ahmed v. Austria, European Court of Human Rights Judgment of 17 December 1996. (holding

deportation of a Somali convicted of serious criminal offence is a violation of Article 3 if the

applicant is under the risk to be subject to inhuman and degrading treatment by non-state agents

upon expulsion)

http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2012/3234.html


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8. Al-Anezi v. Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 355, 1 April 1999

(Federal Court of Australia)

9. Al-Sirri (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) DD

(Afghanistan) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) [2012]

UKSC 54

10. Amuur v. France, Application No. 17/1995/523/609, 25 June 1996 (European Court of Human

Rights)

11. Appellant S395/2002 v. Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs; Appellant S396/2002

v. Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2003] HCA 71, 9 December 2003 (High

Court of Australia)

12. Attorney General v. Ward [1993] 2 SCR 689 (Supreme Court). (Canadian judicial decision on

social group) Metropolitan Court (Hungary) (28 February 2000). (Judicial decision ordering new

refugee procedure in order to analyse in depth Serbian draft evader) Metropolitan Court

(Hungary) (9 February 1999). (Judicial decision providing protection, but not refugee status, to

ethnic Hungarian who disobeyed Yugoslav conscription order)

13. Azizi v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) [2005] FCA 406; [2006] 3 F.C.R. 118,

5 December 2005 (Canada Federal Court of Appeal)

14. Barraza-Rivera v. INS 913 F2d 1443 (9th Cir 1990). (US judicial decision holding that desertion

from Salvadoran military in 1984 to avoid assassination duty constituted protected political

opinion)

15. Bolanos-Hernandez v. INS 767 F 2d 1277 (9th Cir 1984). (US judicial decision holding neutrality

in El Salvador can be a political opinion)

16. Canada (Attorney General) v. Ward [1993] 2 S.C.R. 689, 30 June 1993 (Supreme Court of

Canada)


Canada)


Canada)

19. Case Regarding Cessation of Refugee Status, VwGH No. 2001/01/0499, 15 May 2003 (Austria

Higher Administrative Court [Verwaltungsgerichtshof])

20. Chahal v. UK, European Court of Human Rights, Judgment of 15 November 1996. (holding

deportation order that would return a Sikh separatist to India on national security grounds where

he would face „real risk‟ of being subject to treatment contrary Article 3 is in breach of the

ECHR)

21. Chahal v. United Kingdom, Application No. 70/1995/576/662, 11 November 1996 (European

Court of Human Rights)

22. Chan v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) [1995] 3 S.C.R. 593, 19 October

1995 (Supreme Court of Canada)

23. Chen Shi Hai (an infant) v. The Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2002) 162

ALR 577.(Australian High Court holds child born in violation of the one-child policy faces

persecution based on social group)

24. Cheung v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) [1993] 2 F.C. 314, 1 April 1993

(Canada Federal Court of Appeal)

25. Ciric and Ciric v. Canada 2FC 65 (1994). (Federal Court of Canada holding refusal to serve in

Serbian army in 1991 constituted protected political opinion)

26. Cruz Varas and Others v. Sweden, Application No. 46/1990/237/307, 20 March 1991 (European

Court of Human Rights)

27. Danian v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2000] Imm AR 96, 28 October 1999

(England and Wales Court of Appeal)

28. Dobrican v. INS 77 F 3d 164 (7th Cir 1996). (US judicial decision on religious objections to

military service by Jehovah‟s Witness in Romania)

http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2012/54.html




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29. Escobar v. Gonzales, Attorney General, No. 04-2999, 29 June 2005 (US Court of Appeals for the

3rd Circuit)

30. Garate (Gabriel Sequeiros) v. Refugee Status Appeals Authority [1998] NZAR 241, 9 October

1997 (High Court of New Zealand)

31. Gonzalez v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) [1994] 3 F.C. 646, 26 May 1994

(Canadian Federal Court of Appeal)

32. Guo Chun Di v. Carroll 824F Supp 858 (ED Va 1994). (US judicial opinion finding opposition to

China‟s population control policy is political opinion)

33. Hamid, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] EWHC

3070 (Admin) (30 October 2012)

34. Haydarie v. the Netherlands, Application No. 8876/04, 20 October 2005 (Decision on

Admissibility) (European Court of Human Rights)

35. Hernandez-Montiel v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 225 F.3d 1084, 24 August 2000

(US Court of Appeal for the 9th Circuit)

36. Hilal v. UK, European Court of Human Rights Judgment of 6 March 2001. (expulsion of

Zanzibari opposition party member, having previously suffered serious ill-treatment in detention,

would be contrary to Art.3)

37. HM and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department United Kingdom, Nov 13, 2012

38. Horvath v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2000] INLR 15, 6 July 2000 (UK House

of Lords)

39. Hukic v. Sweden, Application No. 17416/05, 27 September 2005 (Decision on Admissibility)

(European Court of Human Rights)

40. Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Aguirre-Aguirre, 526 US 415, 3 May 1999 (US

Supreme Court)

41. Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421; 107 S. Ct. 1207; 94

L. Ed. 2d 434; 55 U.S.L.W. 4313, 9 March 1987 (US Supreme Court)

42. In re B; R v. Special Adjudicator, ex parte Hoxha [2005] UKHL 19, 10 March 2005 (UK House

of Lords)

43. In re Fauziya Kasinga, No. 3278, 13 June 1996 (Interim Decision) (US Board of Immigration

Appeals) 13 June 1996

44. Islam v. Secretary of State for the Home Department; R v. Immigration Appeal Tribunal and

Another, ex parte Shah [1999] UKHL 20, 25 March 1999 (UK House of Lords)

45. IY (Turkey) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] EWCA Civ 1560 (28

November 2012)

46. Jabari v. Turkey, European Court of Human Rights Judgment of 11 July 2000. (holding violation

of Article 3 in case of deportation that would return a woman who has committed adultery to

Iraq)

47. Januzi v. Secretary of State for the Home Department; Hamid v. Secretary of State for the Home

Department; Gaafar v. Secretary of State for the Home Department; Mohammed v. Secretary of

State for the Home Department, [2006] UKHL 5, 15 February 2006 (UK House of Lords)

48. Jeewon v The Secretary Of State For The Home Department [2012] UKUT 02083 (26 June 2012)

49. Jong Kim Koe v Minister for Immigration; Multicultural Affairs [1997] FCA 306, 2 May 1997

(Federal Court of Australia)

50. Karanakaran v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2000] EWCA Civ. 11, 25 January

2000 (England and Wales Court of Appeal)

51. Khudiram Chakma vs. Union of India (1994: Supplementary 1 SCC 614).

52. KK (Article 1F(c)) Turkey) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKIAT 00101,

7 May 2004 (UK Immigration Asylum Tribunal)

53. Klinko v. Canada 184 (2000) DLR 4th 14. (Federal Court of Appeal of Canada holds that public

complaints about widespread corrupt conduct can constitute political opinion)



http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2012/1560.html


http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKUT/IAC/2012/02083_2012.html

11


54. Korablina v. Immigration and Naturalization Services, No. 97-70361, 158 F 3d, 23 October 1998

(US Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit)

55. Lukwago v. Ashcroft, Attorney General, No. 02-1812, 14 May 2003 (US Court of Appeals for the

3rd Circuit)

56. Maarouf v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) [1994] 1 F.C. 723, 13 December

1993 (Canada Federal Court)

57. Maria Ilda Avila Rodriquez Canada, Nov 5, 2012

58. Matter of Acosta, A-24159781, 1 March 1985 (US Board of Immigration Appeals)

59. Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs v. Sarrazola [1999] FCA 1134, 6 October 1999


60. Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v. QAAH of 2004 [2006] HCA

53, 15 November 2006 (High Court of Australia)

61. MN and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department United Kingdom, Nov 14, 2012

62. MS (Sri Lanka) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] EWCA Civ 1548 (28

November 2012)

63. Mubilanzila Mayeka and Kaniki Mitunga v. Belgium, Application No. 13178/03, 12 October 2006


64. Mugesera v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) [2005] 2 S.C.R. 100, 2005 SCC

40, 28 June 2005 (Supreme Court of Canada)

65. National Human Rights Commission vs. Union of India (1996: 1 SCC 295)

66. Omar, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Rev 1) [2012]

EWHC 3448 (Admin) (30 November 2012)

67. Pushpanathan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) [1998] 1 S.C.R. 982, 4 June

1998 (Supreme Court of Canada)

68. R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex parte Adan, Ex parte Aitseguer, (2001) 2

WLR 143, 19 December 2000 (UK House of Lords)

69. R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex parte Adan, Ex parte Aitseguer, (2001) 2

WLR 143, 19 December 2000 (UK House of Lords)

70. R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex parte Sivakumaran and Conjoined Appeals

(UN High Commissioner for Refugees Intervening) [1988] AC 958, 16 December 1987 (UK

House of Lords)

71. R v. Uxbridge Magistrates Court and Another, Ex parte Adimi [1999] EWHC 765 (Admin),

[2001] Q.B. 667, 29 July 1999 (England and Wales High Court, Administrative Court)

72. R. v. Immigration Appeal Tribunal ex parte Shah; Islam v Secretary of State for the Home

Department (1999) 2 AC 629. (UK judicial decision holding Pakistani women accused of

adultery feared persecution based on their social group) Matter of Acosta 20 Immigration &

Nationality Decisions 211 (BIA 1985). (US administrative decision concerning group sharing

common immutable characteristic) Matter of Kasinga 21 Immigration & Nationality Decisions

357 (BIA 1996). (US administrative decision recognising as asocial group women who fear

female genital mutilation)

73. Raffington v. Immigration and Naturalization Service et al., No. 02-1773, 26 August 2003 (US

Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit)

74. Refugee Appeal No. 1312/93, Re GJ, 30 August 1995 (New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals

Authority)

75. Refugee Appeal No. 71427/99, 16 August 2000 (New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority)

76. Refugee Appeal No. 72635/01, 6 September 2002 (New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals

Authority)

77. Refugee Appeal No. 75139, 18 November 2004 (New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority)

78. Refugee Appeal No. 76015, 14 November 2007 (New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority)





12


79. Refugee Council New Zealand Inc, The Human Rights Foundation of Aotearoa New Zealand Inc

and “D” v. Attorney General, M1881-AS01, 31 May 2002 (Interim Judgment) (High Court of

New Zealand)

80. Revenko v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, 31 July 2000 (England and Wales Court

of Appeal)

81. Said v Secretary of State for the Home Department United Kingdom, Nov 15, 2012

82. Salah Sheekh v. the Netherlands, Application No. 1948/04, 11 January 2007 (European Court of

Human Rights)

83. Sanade and others (British children - Zambrano – Dereci) India [2012] UKUT 48 (IAC) (16

February 2012)

84. Sathasivam, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012]

EWHC 3243 (Admin) (23 October 2012)

85. SB (PSG – Protection Regulations – Reg 6) Moldova v. Secretary of State for the Home

Department CG [2008] UKAIT 00002, 26 November 2007 (UK Asylum and Immigration

Tribunal)

86. Secretary of State for the Home Department v. K; Fornah v. Secretary of State for the Home

Department [2006] UKHL 46, 18 October 2006 (UK House of Lords)

87. Secretary of State for the Home Department v. K; Fornah v. Secretary of State for the Home

Department [2006] UKHL 46, 18 October 2006 (UK House of Lords)

88. Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Skenderaj [2002] EWCA Civ. 567, 26 April 2002

(England and Wales Court of Appeal)

89. Soering v. UK, European Court of Human Rights Judgment of 7 July 1989. (holding extradition

from UK to USA of German national charged with capital crime and at risk of serving on death

row is a violation of Article 3 recognising the extra-territorial effect of the ECHR)

90. Soering v. United Kingdom, Application No. 1/1989/161/217, 7 July 1989 (European Court of

Human Rights)

91. Suresh v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) [2002] 1 S.C.R. 3, 2002 SCC 1, 11

January 2002 (Supreme Court of Canada)

92. T v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [1996] 2 All ER 865, 22 May 1996 (UK House

of Lords)

93. T.I. v. United Kingdom, Application No. 43844/98 (Decision on admissibility), 7 March 2000


94. Tchoukhrova v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1181, 21 April 2005 (US Court of Appeals for the 9th

Circuit)

95. Thabet v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) [1998] 4 F.C. 21, 11 May 1998


96. Thirunavukkarasu v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) [1994] 1 FC 589 (CA),

10 November 1993 (Canada Federal Court of Appeal)

97. Thomas et al. v. Gonzales, Attorney General, 02-71656; A75-597-033; A75-597-034; A75-597-

035; A75-597-036, 3 June 2005 (US Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit)

98. Thomas v. Gonzales 409 F. 3d 1177 (9th Cir. 2005). (US judicial decision holding family of a

racist South African foreman constituted a social group)

99. Tuquabo-Tekle and Others v. the Netherlands, Application No. 60665/00, 1 December 2005


100. VXAJ v. Minister for Immigration and Another [2006] FMCA 234, 20 April 2006

(Australia Federal Magistrates Court)

101. Xie v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2003 FC 1023; [2004] 2 F.C.R.

372, 4 September 2003 (Canada Federal Court)

102. Yarce (adequate maintenance: benefits) Colombia [2012] UKUT 425 (IAC) (30

November 2012)

http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKUT/IAC/2012/00048_ukut_iac_2012_ms_ors.html

http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKUT/IAC/2012/00048_ukut_iac_2012_ms_ors.html



http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKUT/IAC/2012/00425_ukut_iac_2012_jy_colombia.html

http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKUT/IAC/2012/00425_ukut_iac_2012_jy_colombia.html

13


PART-XII:- STATUTORY MATERIAL

1. Cartagena Declaration on Refugees of 19-22 November 1984 // Collection of International

instruments and Other Legal Texts Concerning Refugees and Displaced Persons, Vol. II,

Regional Instruments, Division of International Protection of the Office of the UNHCR, 1995;

2. Convention on the Rights of the Child // 20 November 1989, www.un.org;

3. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms // 4

November 1950, www.coe.int;

4. International Covenant on Civic and Political Rights // 16 December 1966, www.un.org;

5. OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa of 10

September 1969 // Collection of International instruments and Other Legal Texts Concerning

Refugees and Displaced Persons, Vol. II, Regional Instruments, Division of International

Protection of the Office of the UNHCR, 1995;

6. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Official Journal C 115, 9 May 2009 (Treaty of

Lisbon, consolidated version), http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html.

7. UNHCR, “Guidelines for Protection of Refugee Women,” EC/SCP/67, Geneva, July 1991, para

53

8. UNHCR, Collection of International Instruments and Other Legal Texts concerning Refugees

and Displaced Persons (2 vols., Geneva, 1995)

9. UNHCR, Conclusions on International Protection of Refugees (Geneva, 1991 ff.)

10. UNHCR, Handbook of Procedures and Criteria for the Determination of Refugee Status

(Geneva, 1979)

11. UNHCR, Introduction to International Protection of Refugees (RLD1 Training Module, Geneva,

1992)

12. United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or

Punishment // 10 December 1984, www.un.org;

13. United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees // 28 July 1951, www.un.org,

www.unhcr.org;

14. United Nations Declaration on Territorial Asylum // 14 December 1967, www.un.org;

15. United Nations Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees // 31 January 1967, www.un.org,

www.unhcr.org;

16. Universal Declaration of Human Rights // 10 December 1948, www.un.org.

PART-XIII:- e-RESOURCES

1. (Decisions and Views of the UN Human Rights Committee)

2. Birdi, J.P. Online, www.rediff.com/news/1999/jun/25inter.com

3. CEDAW : http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/econvention.htm UNHCR Policy on

Refugee Women

4. E-e-material3:An Overview of Revisions to the World Bank Resettlement Policy

5. E-material: Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: Inter-Agency Standing Committee Policy

Paper

6. F-e-material 1 – International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law Document printed from

the website of the ICRC. URL: http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JMRT

International Committee of the Red Cross

7. Gupta, Kanchan. Online. www.rediff.com/news/1999/july/6inter.com

8. http://europa.eu/ – European Union

9. http://www.amnesty.org – Amnesty International

10. http://www.asyl.net – German asylum website (in German)

11. http://www.asylumlaw.org – Information for asylum lawyers

12. http://www.asylum-online.lt – Information on asylum issues (in Lithuanian mostly)

http://www.un.org/

http://www.coe.int/

http://www.un.org/

http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html

http://www.un.org/

http://www.un.org/

http://www.unhcr.org/

http://www.un.org/

http://www.un.org/

http://www.unhcr.org/

http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/jun/25inter.com

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/econvention.htm

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/dana.htm

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/pr.asp

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/pr.asp

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/ih.asp

http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JMRT

http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/july/6inter.com

14


13. http://www.bailii.org – British and Irish Legal Information Institute

14. http://www.coe.int – Council of Europe

15. http://www.ecoi.net – European Country of Origin Information Network

16. http://www.ecre.org – European Council on Refugees and Exiles

17. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk – UK Home Office

18. http://www.hrw.org – Human Rights Watch (Country of Origin Information)

19. http://www.iaa.gov.uk – UK Immigration Appellate Authority

20. http://www.ila-hq.org – International Law Association

21. http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/533/533%20ranabir%20samaddar.htm

http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/39/a39r046.htm

22. http://www.interights.org – The International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights

23. http://www.internal-displacement.org – Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (Information

about

24. http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca – Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada

25. http://www.mcrg.ac.in/tsunami.htm

26. http://www.refugee.org.nz – New Zealand Refugee Law

27. http://www.refugeelawreader.org - compilation of various materials on refugee law in a user

friendly manner

28. http://www.refugees.org – U.S. Committee for Refugees

29. http://www.refugeesinternational.org – Refugees International

30. http://www.rrt.gov.au – Australian Refugee Review Tribunal

31. http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch10&11_92.htm

32. http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch10&11_92.htm REFUGEE WATCH: "Select UNICEF

Policy Recommendation on the Gender Dimensions of Internal, No. Displacement",10 & 11, July

2000

33. http://www.uchastings.edu/cgrs - USA Centre for Gender and Refugee Studies

34. http://www.udlst.dk – Danish Immigration Service (mostly in Danish)

35. http://www.un.org – United Nations

36. http://www.un.org/unrwa/- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in

the Near East

37. http://www.unhcr.org – United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

38. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/undocs.htm - University of Minnesota Human Rights

Library

39. internally displaced persons)

40. Shreedharan, Chindu. Online. www.rediff22diary.htm

41. www.mcrg.ac.in/rw%20files/RW24.doc

PART-XIV:- INTERNATIONAL NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS

1. REFUGEE WATCH, “Scrutinising the Land Settlement Scheme in Bhutan”, No. 9, March 2000

2. REFUGEE WATCH, “Mohajirs: The Refugees by Choice”, No. 14, June 2001

3. REFUGEE WATCH, “Displacing the People the Nation Marches Ahead in Sri Lanka”, No. 15,

September 2001

4. REFUGEE WATCH: "Dislocated Subjects : The Story of Refugee Women", No. 10 & 11, July,

2000

5. REFUGEE WATCH: "War and Its Impact on Women in Sri Lanka", No. 10 & 11, July 2000

6. REFUGEE WATCH: Afghan Women In Iran

7. REFUGEE WATCH: "Refugee Women of Bhutan", No. 10 & 11, July 2000

8. REFUGEE WATCH: "Rohingya Women – Stateless and Oppressed in Burma", No. 10 & 11,

July 2000

9. REFUGEE WATCH: "Dislocating Women and Making the Nation", No. 17, December 2002

http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/533/533%20ranabir%20samaddar.htm

http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/39/a39r046.htm

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/tsunami.htm

http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch10&11_92.htm

http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch10&11_92.htm

http://www.rediff22diary.htm/

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/rw%20files/RW24.doc

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/rd10.asp#e3

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/rd10.asp#a6



http://www.mcrg.ac.in/dislocated%20subjects%20refugee%20women.pdf

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/dislocated%20subjects%20refugee%20women.pdf

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/War%20and%20women%20in%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/War%20and%20women%20in%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/Afghan%20Women%20in%20Iran.pdf

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/Refugee%20women%20of%20Bhutan.pdf

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/rd10.asp#b2

15


10. REFUGEE WATCH No.4 (December 1998) articles by Sarbani Sen and Brian Gorlick.

PART-XV:-ADVANCED READINGS:

BOOKS

1. A. Lamb, The China-India Border (Oxford, 1964).

2. A.C. Bhagabati, Tribal Transformation in Assam and North-East India: An Appraisal of

Emerging Ideological Dimensions (Calcutta, 1988).

3. A.L. Kennedy, Salisbury 1830-1903: Portrait of a Statesman (London, 1953), p. 224.

4. Akbar, M.K. Kargil: Cross Border Terrorism (New Delhi, 1999)

5. Amalendu Guha, Planter Raj to Swaraj: Freedom Struggle and Electoral Politics in Assam (New

Delhi, 1977).

6. Amartya Sen (1992), Inequality Re-examined, Ch. 10, State University Oxford.

7. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities (London, 1992).

8. Anthony Giddens, Sociological Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge, 1989).

9. Asha Hans, “Women Across Borders in Kashmir - The Continuum of Violence” in Ranabir

Samaddar (ed.), Peace Studies I (Sage Publications, 2004)

10. Ayesha Jalal, Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia : A Comparative and Historical

Perspective (New Delhi, 1995), p. 236.

11. B. Misra, The Indian Middle Classes: Their Growth in Modern Times (New Delhi, 1961);

12. B.S. Chimni, International Refugee Law – A Reader (Sage Publications, 2003), Section 1, 5

13. B.S. Chimni, International Refugee Law – A Reader (Sage Publications, 2003) Who is a

Refugee?, Pgs. 1-81; Asylum, Pgs. 82-160; Rights and Duties of a Refugee, Pgs. 161-209

14. Bagshaw, Simon (2005): Developing a Normative Framework for the Protection of Internally

Displaced Persons. New York: Transnational Publishers. Calcutta Research Group report (2005):

15. Baruah, Sanjib (2002): Citizens and Denizens: Ethnic Homelands and the Crisis of Displacement

in North-East India. 1st V Venkata Rao Memorial Lecture to NE India Political Science

Association, North Lakhimpur, January 5.

16. Bordoloi, B N (ed) (1986): Alienation of Tribal Land and Indebtedness. Tribal Research Institute,

Guwahati.

17. Bose, Sumantra, “Hindu Nationalism and the Crisis of Indian State.” Nationalism, democracy and

Development. Eds. Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal. (Delhi, 1998), 104-164.

18. Bose, Sumantra, The Challenge in Kashmir: Democracy, Self Determination and a Just Peace

(Delhi and London, 1996).

19. Bose,, Sugata. “Nation as Mother: Representations and Contestations of „India‟ in Bengali

Literature and Culture.” Nationalism, Democracy and Development. Eds. Sugata Bose and

Ayesha Jalal. (Delhi, 1998), 50-75.

20. Butalia, Urvashi,. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India (New Delhi,

1998)

21. C.C. Davies, The Problem of the Northwest Frontier 1890-1908 (Cambridge, 1932), p. 179.

22. Carl Von clausewitz, On War, ed. & trans. by Michael Howard & Peter Paret (Princeton N.J, 1976),

p.75.

23. Cassandra Balchin, “United Against the UN: The UN Gender Mission Attitude Towards Afghan

Women Refugees Within its Own Rank is Glaringly Hypocritical,” Newsline (April, 1998) p. 95.

24. Charles R. Beitz (1979), Political Theory and international Relations, pp. 63-66, Princeton

University Press, Princeton.

25. Chris Hables Gray, Post-Modern War: The New Politics of Conflict (London, 1997), p.157.

26. Christopher McDowell, (ed.) (1996), Understanding impoverishment: Tile Consequences of

Development-induced Displacement, Berghahn Books, Providence, RI.

27. D. Kandiyoti, ed. Women, Islam and the State (London: 1991) p. 8.


16


28. Dale Jamieson (1991), "Method and moral theory" in Peter Singer (ed), A Companion to Ethics,

pp. 477-79, Blackwell, Oxford.

29. Danda, Dipali (1997): „Some Observations on the Dimasa Ethnic Identity‟ in R K Bhadra and S R

Mondal (eds), Stratification, Hierarchy and Ethnicity in North- East India, Omsons Publications,

New Delhi, pp 85-96.

30. Das, Samir Kumar (1997): „Ethnic Insurgencies in North-East India: A Framework for Analysis‟

in Barrister Pakem (ed), Insurgency in North-East India, Omsons Publication, New Delhi, pp 37-

57.

31. Das, Veena. Critical Events: An anthropological Perspective on Contemporary India. (Delhi,

1995)

32. Datta-Ray, B (1989): Tribal Identity and Tension in North-East India, Omsons Publication, New

Delhi.

33. David Fisher, “A Patchwork Protection Regime; Internal Displacement in International Law and

Institutional Practice”, Convention Against Torture CAT:

34. Devi, Lakshmi (1968): Ahom-Tribal Relations (A Political Study), Lawyer‟s Book Stall,

Guwahati.

35. Dhar, L.N. “An Outline of the History of Kashmir.” Kashmir – The Crown of India. Kanyakumari

Vivekananda Kendra, 1984, 1-28.

36. Dipesh Chakrabarty, `Modernity and Ethnicity in India' in John McGuire Peter Reeves & Howard

Brasted (eds.), Politics of Violence : from Ayodhya to Berhampada (New Delhi, 1996), p.217. Also,

Bhikhu Parekh, `Cultural Diversity and the Modern State' in Sudipta Kaviraj & Martin Doornbos

(eds.), Dynamics of State Formation : India and Europe Compared (New Delhi, 1997), pp.177-203.

37. Dorothy Woodman. Himalayan Frontiers: A Political Review of British, Chinese, Indian and

Russian Rivalries (London, 1969), pp. 71-2.

38. Dworkin, Ronald (1977): Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

39. Eisenhower Papers, Whitman Files, NSC Series, Meeting # 176, December 1953, Dwight David

Eisenhower Library.

40. Enloe, Cynthia. Bananas, Beaches and Bases. (Berkeley, 1969)

41. Etienne Balibar, " Is There a 'Neo- Racism'?" in Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein, Race,

Nation, Class – Ambiguous Identities (Verso, 1991)

42. Etienne Balibar, Masses, Classes, Ideas: Studies on Politics and Philosophy Before and After

Marx, translated by James Swenson (New York: 1994) pp. 57-58.

43. Foucault, Michel (1994): Ethics: Essential Works of Foucault 1954 – 1984, Vol. 1, ed. Paul

Rabinow. London: Penguin.

44. Future Flood of Refugees : A Comment of Climatic Change, Conflit & Forced Migration

45. Gait, Edward (1926): A History of Assam (second edition), Spectrum, Guwahati.

46. Gibney, Matthew J. (2004): The Ethics and Politics of Asylum. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press

47. Gopalakrishnan, R (ed) (2001): Research Priorities in North-East India: With Special Reference

to Assam, North Eastern Regional Centre-Indian Council of Social Science Research, Shillong.

48. Gupta, S. Kashmir: A Study in India-Pakistan Relations. (New Delhi, 1966)

49. Harish Kapur, India's Foreign Policy 1947-92: Shadows and Substance (New Delhi, 1994), p. 23

50. Hasan, Mushirul. Legacy of a Divided Nation: India’s Muslims Since Independence. (Delhi,

1997)

51. Hermann Kulke, `the Study of the State in Pre-Modern India' in Hermann Kulke (ed.), The State in

India 1000-1700 (Delhi, 1995).

52. Homi Bhabha, `Narrating the Nation' in John Hutchinson & Anthony D. Samith (eds.), Nationalism

(Oxford, 1994), pp.316-12

53. Institutions such as Shesh Kiron in Varanasi and Amar Bari in Brindaban house women refugees

from Bangladesh.

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/pt.asp

http://www.mcrg.ac.in/pt.asp


http://www.mcrg.ac.in/AddReading/2009/future_floods.pdf

17


54. Irene Khan, “The Refugee Problem: A South Asian Perspective,” Peace Studies Reader, 1

(Forthcoming, Sage, 2001). The paper was presented in Maulana Azad Institute of Asian Studies

in 1997.

55. J.H. Broomfield, Elite Conflicts in A Plural Society (California, 1968).

56. J.N. Dixit, An Afghan Diary: Zahir Shah to Taliban, (New Delhi: 2000) p. 495.

57. J.R.V. Prescott, Political Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1987), p. 227.

58. Jagat Acharya, “Scrutinizing the Land Resettlement Scheme in Bhutan”, in Refugee Watch, No. 9

59. Jan Jindy Pettman, “Boundary Politics: Women, Nationalism and Danger,” in New Frontiers in

Women’s Studies: Knowledge, Identity and Nationalism, Mary Maynard and June Purvis, eds.

(London: 1996) p. 194.

60. Jana Thompson (1992), Justice and World Order: A Philosophical inquiry,p. 78, Rutledge,

London.

61. Jayal, Niraja Gopal (1998): „Displaced persons and discourse of rights‟ in Economic and Political

weekly, XXX (5), 31 January.

62. Jha, Prem Shankar. Kashmir, 1947: Rival Versions of History. (Delhi, 1996)

63. John Kenneth Galbraith to McGeorge Bundy, 22 March 1962, Department of State Papers, National

Security File 106, JFKL.

64. Joke Schrijvers, “Constructing Womanhood, Tamilness and The Refugee,” in Selvy

Thiruchandran ed., Woman, Narration and Nation: Collective Images and Multiple Identities

(New Delhi: 1999) p. 179.

65. Kanti P. Bajpai: Harish C. Shukul (eds.), Interpreting World Politics (New Delhi, 1995), p. 411.

66. Kaviraj, S. “On the Structure of Nationalist Discourse.” State and Nation in the Context of Social

Change. Ed. T.V. Satyamurthy.Vol.1. (Delhi, 1994)

67. Krishan Bhatia, The Ordeal of Nationhood (New York, 1971), p. 286.

68. Kumar, Virendra. Rape of the Mountains. Kargil (The Untold Story). (New Delhi, 1999)

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25


5. Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin, “Abducted women, the State and questions of Honour,” Gender

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6. T.T. Krishnamachari to Nehru, 16 December 1962. TTK Papers, No. 121/MEDC/62, Nehru

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8. ]The term "giantism" is used in the same sense as John K. Lewis has used it in his article. "Some

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9. “A Village Between Two Nations.” Outlook September 6, 1999.

10. “Refugee – The Human Cargo,” South Asia Refugee Information, Vol. 5 (December, 1997) pp. 5-

6.

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Also see “A Journey Without End: Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees in India,” Refugee Watch, No. 2

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12. Abraham, Itty (2005): “Refugees and Humanitarianism”, Refugees Watch, No. 24-26, October,

Badiou, Alan ((2001): Ethics. London: Verso

13. Ashok Rudra, "Emergence of Intelligentsia As A Ruling Class in India", Economic and Political

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14. Atta ur Rehman Sheikh, “Development Induced Displacement in Pakistan” /, in Refugee Watch,

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18. Interviews taken by Subhoronjon Dasgupta. Excerpts of the interview published in “Widows of

Brindaban: Memories of Partition,” Refugee Watch, Nos. 10 & 11 (July, 2000) pp. 44-45.

19. Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti (MASS) (2001): The Voice of MASS, July 2001, MASS

Publication, Guwahati.

20. Manju Chattopadhyay, “Refugee Women of Bengal,” Refugee Watch Nos. 10 & 11 (July, 2000)

pp.45 and 47.

21. Mekondjo Kaapande and Sherene Fenn, “Dislocated Subjects: The Story of Refugee Women,”

Refugee Watch Nos. 10 & 11 (July, 2000) p. 28.

22. Monirul Hussain, "Nepalis in Assam and Asamiya Nationality Question", Mainstream, Vol.

XXXVII: 29, 1989.

23. Monirul Hussain, "Tribal Movement for Autonomous State in Assam", Economic and Political

Weekly, Vol. XXI: 32, 1987.

24. Myron Weiner, "Rejected Peoples and Unwanted Migrants in South Asia" in Economic and

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25. Paula Banerjee, “Agonies and Ironies of War,” Refugee Watch, No. 2 (April, 1998) p. 21.

26. Paula Banerjee, “Chin Refugees in Mizoram,” Refugee Watch, No. 13 (March, 2001,

Forthcoming).

27. Paula Banerjee, “Refugee Repatriation: A Politics of Gender,” Refugee Watch No 1 (January,

1998) pp. 8-9.

28. Pradip Kumar Bose, "Trust and the refugee experience" in Refugee Watch, No. 5 & 6

29. Soma Ghosal, “Stateless and Opressed from Burma: Rohingya Women,” Refugee Watch, Nos. 10

& 11 (July, 2000) p. 15.




26


30. Srikanth, H (2000). „Militancy and Identity Politics in Assam‟ in Economic and Political Weekly,

Vol XXXV, No 47, pp 4117-24.

31. Syed Sikander Mehdi, “Chronicles of Sufferings – Refugee Women of South Asia,” Refugee

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32. Syed Sikander Mehdi, “Chronicles of Sufferings – Refugee Women of South Asia,” Refugee

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33. Syed Sikander Mehdi, “Chronicles of Sufferings.” Refugee Watch, Nos. 10 & 11 (July, 2000) pp.

33-34.

34. Wenden Catherine de, “How Can One be Muslim in France?”, Refugee Watch, 13, March 200

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35. "China", Annual Reports, Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of India, New Delhi,

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36. "China", Annual Repots, MEA, 1962-63.

37. Bolan Gangopadhyay, “Reintegrating the Displaced, Refracturing the Domestic: A Report on the

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38. Bolan Gangopadhyay, “Reintegrating the Displaced, Refracturing the Domestic: A Report on the

Experiences at Uday Vila,” Refugees in West Bengal: Institutional Practices and Contested

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39. J. H. Hre Mang, Report on the Chin Refugees in Mizoram State in India (New Delhi: 2000) p. 10.

40. Mohammed Asif, Lyla Mehta and Harsh Mander, Report of Workshop on Engendering

Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policies and Programmes in India, November 2002

NEWSPAPERS

41. Abdul Momin, 'Lebensraum for Bangladehis?' in Holiday, 22 November, 1991

42. Ahmad, Nafees: People without Homes, “The Pioneer”, New Delhi March 13, 1999.

43. Bhatay, Kamaskshi, Saumintra Kitu Rani and Haseena. “People‟s Human Rights.” Kashmir

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51. Marquand, Robert. “Kashmiris, Forgotton in Conflict.” Christian Science Monitor September 6,

1999.

52. Patnaik, Elisa. “Martys Kin Locked in Family Battle.” Asian Age I September 4, 1999: 1, 11.

53. Prasad, M. “In Bihar, Widows of 1971 War Still Wait for Compensation.” Indian Express. 28

June 1999: 5.

54. Sadeq Khan, `The Question of Lebensraum' in Holiday, 18 October, 1991.

55. Sarkar, Bishkha De. “The Answer is blowing in the Wind.” The Telegraph. 25 July 1999: 19.

56. Sawant, Gaurav C. “Three Storey Bunders and Armed Women.” Indian Express 15 June 1999.

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