dna to rna the first step in - how dna makes you
TRANSCRIPT
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DNA to RNA
The first step in - How DNA makes you
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How to Bake Grandma’s Cookies(Another Food Analogy to Help You Learn Biology)
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1. Copy the recipe from Grandma’s family secret recipe file.
• Location of recipe - Grandma’s house
• Product - Written instructions to make the best cookies in Quakertown, PA
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Grandma lives in a retirement home, so she doesn’t cook.
You will have to copy Grandma’s recipe in order to leave Grandma’s & go to your kitchen where you will find the ingredients and utensils to make the cookies.
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2. Read and follow instructions
• Add: correct ingredientscorrect amountscorrect order
• bake for required time• Product:
Best cookies in town!
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How is this analogous to biology?
• How does the information (recipe) produce the cookies (product)?
• How does the information in genes (sections of DNA) produce the proteins (products) that make our traits?
• What are the “products” that cause you to look and function as you?
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Review: Proteins• Polymers of amino acids (monomers) • The Order of Amino Acids determines the 3D shape
of a protein• Structure (3-D) determines function• 7 categories:
1. Structure2. Movement 3. Storage 4. Defense 5. Transport 6. Signaling 7. Enzymes
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DNA contains the “recipe” for every protein in your body
Information is copied in the nucleus
Copy leaves nucleus cytoplasm
Information used to assemble proteins
• Trait: freckles, bent pinky, floppy earlobes, curly hair
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The Big Picture: 2 steps in protein synthesis
1. Transcription information from gene is copied
2. Translation Information is used to assemble amino acids into proteins
Physical Traits are determined by those proteins
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DNA – Original Text of Information
mRNA - Working copy of instructions
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Three types of RNA:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Copies information from DNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Transports correct amino acids to build protein
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Helps form ribosomes: the workbench where proteins are assembled
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Transcription: Why
• Information from a single gene is copied to make protein
• Need to protect DNA in nucleus
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Transcription: WhatInformation from a gene is copied to produce each protein.
DNA mRNA Protein
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Transcription: Where
• Nucleus of cell
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Transcription: How
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Stop! Check Your Understanding
Complete the DNA RNA chart
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Initiation - Begin at Promoter region
Elongation – RNA polymerase adds nucleotides through the coding region
Termination – Ends at the termination sequence. mRNA is now complete
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Transcription details
• Initiation: Promoter identifies region to be transcribed• Elongation - Coding region has information for mRNA• RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to mRNA• Termination - ends transcript• mRNA is “edited” before leaving nucleus
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Transcription: How
• Transcription Complete
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Transcription: What’s Next?• The product is an mRNA copy of DNA information
to make protein
• After transcription is complete: DNA – forms Hydrogen bonds and reforms double helix mRNA is edited (remove introns, exons are to be expressed)mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters cytoplasm for translation
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Watch transcription in action (DNAi)
• click “copying the code”• click putting it together• click Transcription• After viewing this WAY COOL
movie, click interactive and make your own RNA.
• Transcribe a gene (DNAi)
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Please summarize the process of transcription in your own words
• RNA polymerase transcribes a gene from DNA by adding RNA nucleotides until it reaches a termination sequence. The mRNA is edited to remove introns before leaving through a nuclear pore so that translation can happen in the cytoplasm.