dna what are nucleic acids? why is dna important? structure of dna scientists
DESCRIPTION
DNA Location DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid Location: DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms – like plants, animals, protists and fungi In prokaryotic organisms (like bacteria) that do not have a nucleus, DNA can be found in a single circular chromosome within the cellTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA
What are nucleic acids?Why is DNA important?
Structure of DNAScientists
![Page 2: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Review
• What are the two types of nucleic acids? _________________ & _______________
• Is a nucleic acid a monomer or polymer? __________________________
• What is the monomer of DNA and RNA? _________________________
DNA RNA
POLYMER
nucleotide
![Page 3: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DNA Location• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acidLocation:• DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic
organisms – like plants, animals, protists and fungi
• In prokaryotic organisms (like bacteria) that do not have a nucleus, DNA can be found in a single circular chromosome within the cell
![Page 4: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA Function
Function: DNA stores and carries the information that is passed from one organism to its offspring (from parent to child)
![Page 6: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is DNA?• The information is coded in the order of
the nucleotide bases (the monomers)
• The monomer of DNA is made of:– Phosphate group– 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose)– Nitrogen containing base
These three components make the monomer called a nucleotide
![Page 7: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nucleotide
![Page 8: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why is DNA Important?• DNA is in all living things • DNA is the informational code that
makes each organism unique.
![Page 9: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Structure of DNA• double helix- two strands of
nucleotides twisted around each other, like a winding staircase
• there is a “right side up” strand and an “upside down” strand.
• this arrangement of 2 strands running side by side but in opposite directions is described as antiparallel
![Page 10: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Structure of DNANucleotides- subunits (monomers) that make
up DNA composed of:– Phosphate group– 5- carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA)– Nitrogen containing base:
• The bases pair in the same way in every DNA molecule, we call this complementary base pairing
• Adenine Thymine (A – T)• Guanine Cytosine (G – C)
* Weak hydrogen bonds hold bases together
![Page 12: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Base Pairs• We refer to adenine, thymine,
cytosine and guanine as the nitrogen bases or just “bases”
• So, when you say “a sugar, a phosphate and a base” you are implying that the base is either adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine
![Page 13: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Base PairsThe order of the base pairs provides that “unique code”
that makes us all different.
• GTAACTTAG does not contain the same information as GGACAATTT even though both sequences contain the same nucleotides
• However, if the nucleotide sequences of nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) are in a similar order, the more related two organisms are closely related– This concept is used in forensic science and is called
DNA fingerprinting
![Page 15: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Label complementary bases and draw the appropriate
number of hydrogen bonds
ACATGTAC
TGTACATG
![Page 16: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Structure of DNA*Note about bases:– Pyrimidines- single ring of carbon• Tymine and Cytosine
– Purine- two rings of carbon• Adenine and Guanine
A purine must always hydrogen bond with a pyrimidine!
![Page 17: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: DNA What are nucleic acids? Why is DNA important? Structure of DNA Scientists](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b277f8b9ab059997732/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A
C
Label:-Phosphate (P)
-5 carbon sugar (S)
- Correct base pairs(A, T, C, G)
-Label all hydrogen bonds with an H
-Label the 5’ and 3’ ends
Circle a nucleotide
A
T
G
A
P
P
P
P
P
PP
P
P
P
P
PS
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
T
G
A
T
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
3’
5’