dna/rna
DESCRIPTION
DNA/RNA . DNA. RNA. Watson & Crick. Maurice Wilkins & Rosalind Franklin. Rosalind Franklin. Chargaff’s Rule of Ratios. From analytic studies Edwin Chargaff (1952) determined that the: Amount of Adenine always equals the amount of Thymine - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
DNA/RNA
DNA RNA
Watson & Crick
Maurice Wilkins & Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Franklin
Chargaff’s Rule of RatiosFrom analytic studies Edwin Chargaff
(1952) determined that the:
Amount of Adenine always equals the amount of Thymine
Amount of Cytosine always equals the amount of Guanine
The amount of A-T is independent of the amount of C-G
Erwin Chargaff, an American biochemist
DNA: replication and protein synthesis
Where have we seen DNA being replicated?
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
Building blocks of DNA: Nucleotides
The sugar
The phosphate Deoxyribo
se
The nitrogenous bases
The Purines
Why are these called nitrogenous bases?
The nitrogenous bases
The Pyrimidines
How are the pyrimidines different from the purines?
Four different NucleotidesBASIC
STRUCTURE
DNA is a polymer formed by base pairing: Base pairing rule
The Double HelixA.The overall shape of DNA is described as a
double helix (a twisted ladder).B.What force holds the two strands together?
Purines Pyrimidines
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine
Phosphate group Deoxyribose
DNA NucleotidesSection 12-1
DNA Replication
ANIMATION ANIMATION DETAILED
Enzymes involved in DNA replication
Helicase – opens the double helix to allow for replication
DNA polymerase – reads the original DNA strand and lays down complementary bases
Ligase – glues the newly formed DNA together
DNA replication practice You are DNA polymerase. Helicase has opened the
DNA strand – read each side and produce the complementary copies.
__________________________________A G G T A A C C G G T T A C G A T T A TT C C A T T G G C C A A T G C T A A T A
A G G T A A C C G G T T A C G A T T A TT C C A T T G G C C A A T G C T A A T A
12.2 (part 2) - The Structure of DNA
Solving the Structure of DNA Three scientists who worked to solve the structure of DNA were
Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick. Franklin found clues. These clues helped Watson and Crick explain the structure and properties of DNA.
12.2 (part 2) - The Structure of DNA
A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two or even three topics. In the space where the circles overlap, write the features that the topics share. In the space where the circles do not overlap, write the features that are unique to each topic.
built a three-dimensional model of DNA helped determine the shape of a DNA molecule photographed DNA using X-ray diffraction showed that DNA is a double helix studied DNA’s structure and properties
12.2 (part 2) - The Structure of DNA Complete the Venn diagram using phrases
from the word box.
photographed DNA using X-ray diffraction
- studied DNA’s structure and properties
helped determine the shape of a DNA molecule
showed that DNA is a double helix
built a three-dimensional model of DNA
How are DNA and RNA similar?
DNA is composed of nucleotides and RNA is composed of nucleotides
IN YOUR NOTES TO PRACTICE BASE PAIRING RULES AGAIN__________________________________A G T C C G T T A G T
T C A G G C A A T C A
Let’s Review
DNA Structure is a _____ ______ DNA is composed of __________
What are four that make up DNA? A T C G
How are DNA and RNA different? DNA…
Nucleotides = deoxyribose sugar Double helix structure Stays inside nucleus
RNA… Nuleotides = ribose sugar Single-strand structure Located both inside and outside of nucleus Uracil instead of thymine
How are DNA and RNA different?
Transcription
mRNA – stands for messenger RNA it is the copy of the DNA message for making
a protein Occurs in the nucleus Promoter region on DNA marks where
transcription should start and terminator region marks where it should stop
mRNA
Transcribes DNA message and carries it to ribosome
RNA polymerse is the enzyme that produces it
CLICK ON PICTURE FOR ANIMATION ON TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA
No T (thymine) so when it reads the nucleotide A on DNA it matches it with ____?
Protein Synthesis= transcription and translation DNA contains all the information for your
traits – the genes These genes are blueprints and need to
remain safe – kept inside the nucleus Copies can be made though – a messenger
Genotype Phenotype
DNA mRNA tRNA PROTEIN
Transcription Translation
tRNA
Once mRNA is made it attaches to a ribosome
tRNA = transfer RNA and they carry amino acids
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins (remember?)
Translation
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis Click here to see mRNA and tRNA work toget
her at that ribosome to build a protein
Codon = mRNAAnti-codon = tRNA
Comparing RNA & DNA
DNA RNA
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Single-stranded
Double-stranded
Nitrogenous bases
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Comparing RNA & DNA
DNA RNA
Thymine
Uracil
Template for synthesis of nucleic acidDouble helix
Replication
Transcription
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Comparing RNA & DNADNA RNA
Exact Copy
Messenger
More Than 1 FormFound in NucleusLeaves Nucleus
Does not Leave
X
X
XX
X
X
X
Hydrogen bonds
Nucleotide
Sugar-phosphate backbone
KeyAdenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Figure 12–7 Structure of DNASection 12-1
RNADNA
RNApolymerase
Figure 12–14 TranscriptionSection 12-3
Adenine (DNA and RNA)Cystosine (DNA and RNA)Guanine(DNA and RNA)Thymine (DNA only)Uracil (RNA only)
from to to make up
Do Now Begin - RNA Concept Map
also called which functions to also called also called which functions towhich functions to
can be
from to to make up
RNA Concept Map
also called which functions to also called also called which functions towhich functions to
can be
RNA
mRNA rRNA tRNA
Messenger RNA
Carry instructions Ribosomal RNA
Combine withprotein Transfer RNA Brings amino acids
to the ribosome
Ribosomes RibosomesDNA
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
Chromosomal Mutations